Architectural Sciences

Activity type

Attività formative affini o integrative

SSD

IUS/10

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

4

Hours distribution

50 classroom hours

Lecturers

Paolo Urbani

Activity type

Progettazione urbanistica e pianificazione territoriale

SSD

ICAR/21

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

6

Hours distribution

75 classroom hours

Lecturers

BARBARA PIZZO

The course provides a framework on the institutional structure and on the main Italian and European regulations concerning the governance of the territory, with particular attention to the procedures that determine the conditions for the activity of the architect junior in supporting urban planning and architectural design, and also into the intervention on the existing city. Specifically, the course focuses on some peculiar aspects of the discipline related to learning important essential references such as: National Planning Law (1150/42), the safeguard function (urban planning standards, and the standard ope legis, the safeguard measures); supra-municipal, regional and provincial territorial coordination plan, and differentiated interests (territorial planning with the aim of environmental protection, landscape protection, protected areas and park plan, hydrogeological constraints and soil defense; plan of the river basin, the hydrogeological structure plans); the regulatory masterplan (contents, procedural structure, observations of individuals and repercussions on the proceedings, the interest to appeal, structure and contents of the plan, multi-year program of implementation of the PRG); urban equalization; implementation planning; urban conventions; recovery of the existing building and urban heritage; plans for public housing; urban regeneration; the "home plan"; consensual urban planning: administering by agreement.
At the end of the course, students will have learned operational skills to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired in concrete design contexts in parallel with the fundamentals of Urban planning course with the specific aim of directing their action of designers aware of the system of rules and procedures they have to follow. As part of this teaching, some transversal skills will also be strengthened in relation to: critical skills and judgment on the effects of the rules for intervention at the urban and territorial scale, ability to communicate what has been learned by communicating in public; ability to continue the study in an autonomous way having experienced the importance of the role of the rules and procedures for the architects and designers.

Module:
diritto urbanistico base


Module:
Knowledge and understanding:
Appropriate knowledge of the theoretical foundations, of models and techniques of urban planning, its interdisciplinary dimension, its social, economic, and political implications, the relationship between space and society, and between the idea of city and of citizenship, conveyed by urban planning and design.

This knowledge is acquired through the combination of lectures, seminars, and a basic exercise, which allows to experience the interactive and relational nature of urban planning knowledge, either theoretical or addressed to (or embedded into) project proposals (albeit in schematic form).

The assessment of this knowledge, both theoretical and practical, is mainly linked to the observation of the reflective capacity, to the critical elaboration, to the understanding of the interrelationships between the various components of the planning discipline, therefore of the logic at the basis of urban and territorial transformations.

Applying knowledge and understanding:
Capacity to read critically an environment in its characteristics (both natural and anthropic), making use of different sources (documents, maps, statistics) and of surveys; to decode and understand its problems in their complexity, also through its specific planning history (plans and regulations, programs, and projects); to understand past and on-going planning and policy choices and decision-making processes, their origin and determinants, their (more or less) open character. Basic capacity to elaborate and to draw plans and maps.

Making judgements:
Capacity to critically read and interpret a territorial context, to understand which knowledge is necessary, which one is available, and which one must be produced to address complex urban problems; ability to organize the production of this knowledge using information of other disciplines and through the dialogue with other specialisms (interdisciplinarity), the comparison with non-expert knowledge (relationship between expert and common knowledge), and working at different scales (multi-scalarity). This ability will be practiced throughout the course, with the discussion of different planning approaches (theories, models, and tools) and with the exercise.

Communication skills:
Capacity to communicate the contents learned and the results of personal elaborations both through drawings, diagrams and maps, and verbally. Capacity to coherently present, e.g., to explain, argue and justify, interpretations and proposals.

The course is designed to be the basis of a training for professionals, equipped to face the multiplicity of roles and tasks required by urban planning. Thus, students are called upon to collectively discuss the topics covered during lectures or in working groups, and to present their own elaborations in a structured and consistent way.

The assessment of communication skills is mainly linked to the evaluation of presentation, to the explanation and argumentation of what has been elaborated, both verbally and in terms of graphic representation.

Learning skills:
The class will tackle current urban planning problems, faced with original approaches connected to the research activity, which will be presented and discussed also in their epistemological and methodological aspects. Students are encouraged to think jointly about the “how” and “why” of urbanization processes, urban transformations, city and territory questions, increasingly acquiring essential tools for autonomous elaboration and in-depth study.

These skills are practiced throughout the course, also with the selection of the textbook for the oral exam (to be chosen from a rather extensive bibliography that will be presented in detail in class), which must be motivated on the basis of one’s own interests and aptitudes – thus asking to be also self-reflective.

The verification of these skills is based on the observation of growing curiosity and interest over time, of the critical capacity and of the attitude to in-depth analysis, of both theoretical and operational issues.

Module:
diritto urbanistico base


Module:
No prior specific knowledge is required, except for a good competence in the Italian language, and basic knowledge of history and geography.

Module:
Architettura Academic year 2024/2025 Urban law

The course deals with the following topics:

1. General knowledge
• Basic notions of administrative law for the study of urban planning functions
• The articulation of public powers in the field of territorial governance: State, regions, local authorities, the new Title V and the "government of the territory"
• Urban planning functions
• Concept of spatial planning and types of plans in relation to the satisfaction of interests and land use

2. Effectiveness of property law planning
• Property law and planning restrictions: constitutional jurisprudence
• The so-called morphological or recognition constraints and the "parallel protections"

3. Public city and urban planning
• Concept of urban planning and building standards
• Primary and secondary urbanization works
• Ministerial Decree 1444 of 1968 and zoning
• The burden of urban transformations: the 1077 law

4. The municipal urban plan
• Procedure and contents
o The concept of zoning and the distribution of interests on the territory
o Conformative provisions of the territory and conformation requirements of the property or direct or indirect effectiveness of the plan choices
o The evolution of the content of the PRG in the regional legislation 1995 - 2018
o The equalization, the overcoming of zoning and the elimination of urban restrictions: the sectors and mixed areas
o The legal basis of consensual urban planning: agreements (art.11 l.241 / 90)

5. Management of the PRG
• Implementing plans and conventional modules
• Integrated intervention programs
• Perequative models

6. Urban regeneration
• Re-qualification, re-use and regeneration concepts
• The favor of the legislation: l.133 / 08, house plan, regional law

7. The so-called parallel protections: sector plans and effects on property
• catchment plan (Leg. Decree Law 152/06)
• landscape plan (D. Legsl.42 / 004 e succ.int.)
• plan of the parks (L.391 / 94)

8. Consolidated Law on Building
• Control of the building activity: building permit, certified sign-up of the activity, communication of the start of works, etc.
• Differentiated goods and administrative authorizations

9. D. Legsl.42 / 004
• Historic artistic assets and related restrictions


Module:
The main teaching objective is to explain the reasons (“why”) and the approaches / tools (“how”) of urban planning.
Among its various definitions, urban planning can be described as a craft with a high political content. Throughout time, it interpreted and acted in different ways in the different socio-spatial configurations and contexts (geographical, socio-economic, political and cultural), at the same time contributing (directly or indirectly) to their realization. Although its main instrument is spatial regulation, it makes use of different approaches, models, methods and tools, which the course aims at critically analyzing.
The course introduces the different main component of urban planning, which will be tackled in different modules (see also the window dedicated to “svolgimento”).

Beyond a general introduction and the exercise, the course is articulated in 4 modules that are: a) Planning Theory; b) Planning History; c) Urban History and Urban Theories; d) Planning Techniques.

Modul a) Planning Theory, will tackle the nature of Urban Planning (what it is), its meaning and role (what it is for), and how it works.
Modul b) Planning History, will introduce the origins of Spatial Planning (primeval and fundamental acts of spatial control), and those of Modern Urban Planning (response to urbanisation problems, relation between spatial control and social control, between spatial plans and the political).
Modul c) Urban History and Urban Theories will sketch the essential features of Urban History (mainly modern and contemporary) and the main Urban Theories (what is a City, what do we mean by ‘urban’), elaborated looking at urban transformations between XIX and XXI centuries.
Modul d) Planning Techniques, deals with the practice of Urban Planning exploring how it works to exercise its own essential functions, starting with spatial regulation and land uses, with a focus is on its tools and the capacities that it requires.

Module:
• Urbani-Civitarese Diritto Urbanistico, organizzazione e rapporti. Giappichelli. Torino 2017


Module:
There is not one specific compulsory reading, but students can choose a book from the bibliography according to their own interests (see below).

Module:
N/D
Module:
Bibliographical references are intended to testify the richness and plurality of Planning approaches. Books are subdivided into 3 main groups. Each student is expected to choose a book (to be agreed on in advance) for the final evaluation. A specific lecture is dedicated at introducing each book in terms of approach, structure and content. During some lectures or seminars, further bibliographical references may be suggested as an in-depth study (and they will be reported in the slides or hand-outs of the lecture).

(For the list of books, see the Italian version, above)

English books and essays are available on request and can be used both by Italian and by foreign students - The final proof in Italian is compulsory.

English books on Rome:
Fried R. C. (1973). Planning the eternal city. Roman politics and planning since world war II. New Haven – London: Yale University Press
Thomassen, B., & Marinaro, I. C. (Eds.). (2014). Global Rome: Changing Faces of the Eternal City. Indiana University Press
Insolera I. (2018). Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century. Newcastle, Cambridge Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Module:
N/D
Module:
The course provides lectures, seminars and an exercise.
The workshop (exercise) aims at experimenting the 'translation' of theories into practices (and viceversa), and/or as the implementation of a chosen methodology among the presented ones. It foresees the following steps:
1. Reading and interpreting a spatial context through its current socio-spatial phenomena, interpreted diachronically and at different scales.
2a. Critical interpretation of historical transformations (distinguishing among causes and their effects).
2b. Critical interpretation of the planning history (visions, approaches, methods, tools introduced by Planning through time).
3a. Definition of possible scenarios and the related planning tool / or tools useful to drive the change in the chosen direction - and / or to solve a problem (also in ‘strategic’ perspective).
3b. Definition of the ‘knowledge’ to be used to deepen and to solve the questions (sectoral analyses as a result of a particular interpretation of the context and its problems).

Module:
lezioni frontali


Module:
Attending the lectures is suggested, but it is not compulsory.

Module:
ESAME ORALE


Module:
The final exam consists in the discussion of the subject matter, exercise included.
For the workshop, students are expected to work in group (usually 3-4 people), while they will be examined individually for the evaluation of acquired knowledge, on the content of the lectures and of readings.
During the semester, students attending the course can do a mid-term written proof on the main theoretical part of the programme (moduls a, b, c), which – if positively passed - will allow reducing the subjects of oral examination. For the final evaluation, the whole activity is taken into consideration.

Students not attending the course are required to prepare themselves autonomously, elaborating the exercise, and by choosing at least one book from those indicated in the bibliography (to be agreed on in advance), studying the teaching materials (available online at: Sapienza e-learning platform: Urbanistica_Barbara Pizzo), and deepening the topics included in the presentations through following the bibliographic references they contain.

Module:
COSA Può SUCCEDERE AL PERMESSO DI COSTRUIRE
DIFFERENZA TRA NORME DI SALVAGUARDIA E MISURE DI SALVAGUARDIA


Module:
How would you define urban planning?
Which is the main difference between analytical and normative approaches?
Examples of how Planning Theories have been articulated.
Which are the main decision making models?
Which are some main urban theories currently debated?
What is regulation for planning, and which is its main instrument?
Which is the role of local knowledge in the production of territorial projects?
How to use the system of knowledge (local, expert, technical, etc.) which are useful for urban planning?

Module:



Module:
N/D