Nursing

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

MED/01

Year

2nd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

BENIAMINO CAPUTO

Activity type

Scienze interdisciplinari

SSD

INF/01

Year

2nd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

Roberto La Tegola

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

MED/42

Year

2nd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

36 classroom hours

Lecturers

BENIAMINO CAPUTO

Collection , representation and
processing of epidemiological data . Morbidity prevalent and incident ,
mortality , concept of lethality , endemic and epidemic distribution ,
general epidemiological studies , descriptive , analytical, experimental ,
measures of association and risk assessment , screening tests , guidelines
national and regional quality indicators , the average hospital stay . knowledge
hardware and software . Know and use the basic programs : word ,
excel . Consciousness of the email service . Programs for research
Web .

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The objective of the course is to provide the basic elements of epidemiological methodology as a fundamental tool for evidence-based nursing practice. Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
Generate a clinical-care research question.
Distinguish the main bibliographic resources and their characteristics.
Understand and comprehend the basic principles of epidemiology concerning the design, analysis, and interpretation of clinical studies.
Distinguish between different epidemiological studies used in clinical-care research.
Critically interpret the results of a study and identify any systematic errors.

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basic knowledge of mathematician


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Dublin 1. Knowledge and understanding - The students are expected to acquire deep knowledge on life-cycles of main human and zoonotic parasites and their adaptation to parasitism. Moreover, they are expected to learn basic information on pathogenic mechanisms.
Dublin 2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding - The students are expected to acquire and manage the concept of “epidemiological risk” on the basis of parasite biology and clinic, and to hypothesize preventive and control strategies.
Dublin 3. Critical and judgmental capacities - The students are expected to develop critical and judgmental skills by interactive discussions with the professor and with the other students purposely stimulated during the course, and will learn to connect the clinic parasitology of main human and zoonotic parasites with their epidemiology, prevention and control.
Dublin 4. Ability to communicate what has been learned – Towards the end of the course, students will be requested to prepare short seminars on topics agreed with the professor and to present and discuss it with the fellow students.
Dublin 5. ability to continue the study independently in the life – It is expected that at the end of the course the students are able to locate the newly acquire knowledge on human parasitology in the frame of practice aspect of clinical parasitology, as well as in the frame of preventive and control strategies, coherently with future studies.

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Introduction to Statistics
Why study statistics?
The concepts of descriptive and inferential statistics.
Descriptive Statistics
Measurement and Variability Concepts:
Statistical unit and variable.
Types of Variables:
Qualitative (nominal and ordinal), quantitative (discrete and continuous).
Frequency Distribution:
Absolute, relative, percentage, and cumulative frequencies.
Contingency Tables:
Cell, row, and column percentages.
Graphs and Charts:
Bar and column charts, pie charts, scatter plots.
Measures of Central Tendency:
Mode, median, arithmetic mean.
Measures of Variability:
Range, quartiles, percentiles, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Box-and-Whisker Plot.
Surveys and Questionnaires
Inferential Statistics
Target Population and Sample:
Basics of sampling and sampling error.
Sampling Distribution of the Mean:
Properties and the standard error.
The Normal Distribution:
Characteristics and properties.
Confidence Intervals:
For the mean.
For proportions.
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing and p-value.








Module:
1. Concetti base della tecnologia dell’informazione
- Struttura e terminologia del funzionamento del Personal Computer
- Reti informatiche
- Impatto delle tecnologie sulla società e la vita di tutti i giorni
- Criteri ergonomici per l’uso del PC
- Basi sulla sicurezza dei dati e aspetti legali degli accessi alle reti
2. Elaborazione testi ( Word )
- Creare , formattare un documento
- Creazione di tabelle
- Salvataggio di un documento
3. Foglio elettronico
- Creare , formattare le celle di un foglio dati
- Utilizzo delle formule base aritmetiche e logiche
- Creare un grafico
4. Presentazioni in PowerPoint
- Creare , preparare una presentazione
- Formattazione
- Animazione ed effetti transizione
5. Uso di internet per la ricerca d’informazioni e documenti in rete
- Conoscenza funzioni base della navigazione in un browser
- Usare La posta elettronica


Module:
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: Epidemiology and Human Diseases in the Last 100 Years. DEFINITION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BASIC CONCEPTS: Differences between epidemiology and clinical medicine, The concept of primary and secondary "determinants" and that of "population." SPECIFIC TASKS AND PRACTICAL PURPOSES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY: Prevention, control, and eradication of diseases, Hypothesis evaluation, Overview of observational and experimental studies. FROM ASSOCIATION TO CAUSALITY: The logical process toward causality: Association and causality, Event association in epidemiology, Statistical significance and causality, Comparing two proportions or percentages: the Chi-square test, Comparing two means: Student's t-test, Tests of significance, Association and causality: types of association; General model of causal and non-causal associations; Examples of non-causal associations; Examples of confusion between cause and effect. MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY: Morbidity and mortality; Mortality rates; Survival and fatality; Prevalence and incidence: definitions; Prevalence, incidence, and the use of confidence intervals; Attack rate; Relationship between incidence and prevalence; Epidemic, endemic, sporadic disease; Other parameters of disease frequency; Standardization of measures.
2) EVIDENCE-BASED PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: Evidence-based Medicine, some methodological elements, the concept of evidence and evidence-based clinical practice, from the traditional paradigm to the evidence-based paradigm, history of the evidence-based movement, limits of evidence-based clinical practice, obstacles encountered in attempting high-quality scientific interventions, Pyramid of evidence and gold standard, Types of research. SEARCHING FOR EVIDENCE: Evidence-based nursing, Phases of EBN, Research question and its formulation, background and foreground questions, The PICO method, examples of narrative and reformulated questions with PICO, Searching the scientific literature online and search engines, research tools and Boolean operators, General information on using PubMed for bibliographic research, online search exercises.
3-4-5) RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF TREATMENT STUDIES, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources of biomedical information, research study designs, characteristics of primary studies, randomized and controlled studies, data organization in the 2x2 table, ethical considerations, non-controlled studies, Measures of associations: Relative and absolute risk, risk difference, interpreting relative risk and risk difference, validity of association measures: p-value and confidence intervals, properties of CIs, systematic error or bias, selection bias or improper randomization, ascertainment bias, protocol violation bias, critical appraisal of experimental studies (randomized controlled trials), examples of study results and calculation of association measures, online calculators (e.g., open epi).
6) RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF ETIOLOGICAL AND PROGNOSTIC STUDIES. Observational Studies vs Experimental Studies (Prospective, Retrospective, Cross-sectional, or Prevalence), types of questions (prognostic vs etiological study), design of epidemiological studies.
7) COHORT STUDY: methodology, measuring associations, biases in cohort studies, information and selection biases, confounding factors, advantages and disadvantages of cohort studies.
8) CASE-CONTROL STUDIES methodology, measures of association: odds ratio, interpretation of OR, confidence intervals for OR, information errors (information bias), memory errors (recall bias), selection bias, confounding factors.
9) CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES, sampling, measure of association (prevalence ratio, odds ratio), biases in cross-sectional studies, evaluation sheet for etiological studies.
10) SCREENING TESTS AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Evaluation of test performance, Gold standard, Predictive values of a test, Sensitivity and specificity: impact of the cut-off value, Relationship between predictive values and prevalence, ROC curve, Multiple tests: Validity of a test and agreement between tests, critical evaluation.
11) SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS traditional and systematic reviews, characteristics and methods of systematic reviews, question formulation, study search, study selection, research implementation, critical evaluation, data collection, study synthesis. META-ANALYSIS heterogeneity. Major databases of systematic reviews, critical evaluation of systematic reviews.
12) SUMMARY AND EXAM SIMULATIONS.

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Materiale consegnato
- Concetti di base della tecnologia dell'Informazione.pdf
- formattazione con word.pdf
- excel 1.pdf
- POWER POINT 1.pdf
- Reti informatiche e sicurezza.pdf
- Ergonomia del computer.pdf


Module:
EVIDENCE BASED CLINICAL PRACTICE 2/ED
2ed La pratica clinico-assistenziale basata su prove di efficacia
8838636737 · 9788838636738
di Paolo Chiari, Daniela Mosci, Enrico Naldi

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Face-to-face lessons using slides and in-class exercises


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The lessons will be conducted in the classroom, dividing each session into a theoretical part and a practical part

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Eight in-class lessons will be conducted, each lasting 3 hours, for a total of 24 hours of face-to-face teaching


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face to face course

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"Written exam with exercises to solve and theoretical questions."


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mean
standard deviation
confidenzce intervals
contingence table


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Interpretation of a clinical study (observational studies or experimental studies)
Calculation of relative risk and its interpretation
Contingency table
Calculation and interpretation of confidence intervals
Calculation and interpretation of risk difference

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