Nursing

EDDA OLIVA PIACENTINI
STEFANO ADDESSI

High school students.
no specific prerequisites required.

Aims: In this course meetings, the student will be introduced in the concept of meta-paradigm of nursing science, with legislative references of the health conditions and responsabilities, rapresenting with some examples of theoretical ladders the illnes as an olistic need of assistence and not just the bodily damage. There will be furthermore explainings of health evaluations methods, vital parameters and their importance in clinical evaluation, basical concepts of dependency, autonomy, and assistence load.
ARGUMENTS:
THE OBSERVATION: generic and specific of the utent refering to the psicologial sphere. Evaluation of healt, patient mesurements, health components, data, ascertainment models, ascertainment techniques, health evaluation through system and anatomical districts- (ascertainment techniques)
EVALUATION OF DEPENDENCY LEVEL:concept of non-autonomy or dependence , generality on ADL ladders, Barthel index, generality on IADL ladders, Lawton index, generality and examples of evaluation ladders of tutelar nursing.
TAKING CHARGE OF THE PATIENT: relationship patient-nurse, comunicative process, comunication level, comunication methods, therapeutical comunication. Basical concept of responsability, differt types of responsabilities towards the patience, concept of 'taking care', definition of fundamental elements of assistence, concept of healt and illness, examples and outlines on main walfare models appliable in the sanitary field. Modality of hospitalization, outlines on urgency and emergency characteristics. Reception methods in the hospital wards.
THE PATIENT NEEDS:
Maslow's model of needs
M. Gordon's Functional models of healt
The comfort and rest need: circadian rhythms, sleep function, factors that affect sleep, ascertainment and evaluation of sleep-rest model, lumbar-back massage.
The hygiene and safety need: goal and right execution of hygienical cares, the use of the urinal pan or the urinal, logical order of execution of total or partial daily hygiene, skin hygiene, hair hygiene, hygiene of extremity and nails, ocular, oral and auricular, outlines on used IPDs. The making of the free or occupied bed, bed baths, perianal female and male hygiene, patient falling prevention, the apply of a restraint tool.
The spirituality need: outlines on olistical thinking, factors of spiritual wellness, alteration and spiritual wellness factors.
Movement and activity need: concept of mobility and autonomy, cooperation with other professional figures in the riabilatative process and in the movement promotion, factors that influence mobility, couses of mobility alteration, effects on mobility alteration on vital functions, bed positions of the patient, common terminology on articular movements, deambulation's mechanical auxiliary, correctmobilization of the bedded patient, funcion and correct application of anti-embolism stockings/socks. general criteria of correct postural trasfer.
The drink-eat need: observation of nutritional status, origins, funcions and utility of principal nutrients, food pyramid, body weight relevation, daily water provision, food administration.
Vital parameters: arterial blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, breath frequency, generality, definitions, detection techniques and pysiological parametric range. The pain, generality, definitions, classification, clinacal consequences, outlines on mesuration ladders.

Recommended books and classes modality:
1) Nursing techniques and parameters Manual by Taylor. II italian edition, publishing house Piccin (Padova)
2) Fundamental principles of nursing; Taylor-Lillis-Lynn. Italian edition on the eighth English edition. Piccin Publishing House (Padova)
- Frontal lesson with audiovisual support
- Attandance certification through students own autograph signatures at the beginning and end of the lessons.
-Professor elaborated slides to integrate and elaborate.
- Assigned reaserches on specific program arguments, both for the single student and for the study group.

1)Basi dell'assistenza infermieristica - II edizione italiana. Ed. Piccin (Padova)
2)Manuale di tecniche e Procedure Infermieristiche di Taylor. II Ed. italiana , Casa editrice Piccin (Padova).

Frontal lessons with the help of in-depth slides.
Video tutorial.
Assignment of small group work (3-5 students) on topics considered particularly relevant, which they will have to expose through slides, built by them, to the whole class.
Critical discussions on the subject matter at the end of the class.

The learning test is carried out with questions (at least three) extrapolated from the program.
Among these, two are placed on theoretical aspects, and one on clinical practice illustrated by the teacher during the course of the program.
The knowledge of the requested topic, the expository ability, the logical ability to connect the topic to clinical practice are assessed.
To pass the exam, therefore obtaining a mark of not less than 18/30, the student must demonstrate to have acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics relating to health assessment and assessment techniques.
A basic knowledge of the topics related to therapeutic communication and the concepts of responsibility and taking charge and to be able to define the user's needs according to the care models illustrated.
To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course.