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Educational objectives

The course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry and Radiochemistry aims to provide students with the fundamental knowledge of modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, commonly used in the study of organic molecules in research and control laboratories. The course also aims to provide the ability to identify the most suitable chromatographic techniques for solving real problems, and to understand UV, IR, MS and NMR spectra of organic molecules. The course provides students with basic knowledge on nuclear chemistry and radiopharmaceutical preparations. At the end of the course the student will acquire the skills to analyze in-depth NMR, IR and MS spectra, to derive from their combined analysis the structure of unknown compounds, and to predict the spectroscopic properties of new compounds.

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students successfully completing this course understand and master the fundamentals of modern chromatographic techniques: adsorption, partition, kinetic aspects, van Deemter equation, composition and morphology of stationary phases, simple structure-retention relationships, solute-stationary phase-mobile phase interactions. The students know and understand the fundamentals of spectroscopic techniques: interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength, frequency, energy content, intensity of radiation, absorption, emission, scattering, excited states, quantization. The students know and understand the theoretical principles and practical applications of IR spectroscopy (harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, fundamental vibrations, overtone, combination bands, characteristic absorptions of the main functional groups), 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (nuclei in a magnetic field, resonance, relaxation processes, shielding and shielding constants, homo- and hetero-nuclear spin-coupling, Pople's spin notation systems, Karplus relation) and MS (ionization and fragmentation processes, analyzers). The students know and understand the theoretical principles and practical applications of instrumental hyphenated techniques (LC-MS). The students are able to understand how the spectral parameters can be influenced by the experimental conditions (physical state of the sample, concentration, solvent, temperature).

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students successfully completing this course should be able to select the most suitable chromatographic technique according to the structure of the compounds to be analyzed and is able to describe the process underlying the choice of stationary phases, mobile phases and detectors. The student is able to control and optimize the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the chromatographic process and is able to apply the acquired knowledge to new problems typical of research or working contexts. The student is able to interpret IR, NMR, MS spectra of simple pure organic compounds, and is able to choose the spectroscopic technique or the combination of several techniques suitable for diverse structural investigations (control of the conversion of functional groups, identification of impurities, ). The student is able to apply the known instrumental techniques to new problems that may arise in research or work areas.

3. Making judgement
Students successfully completing this course should be able to integrate the knowledge acquired during the course with those of the physical-organic chemistry that characterizes the Degree Course in CTF (study of equilibrium, reaction speed, reaction mechanisms, study of intermediates, selectivity, stereochemistry ). The student will be able to acquire data from databases and interpret multispectral data useful for solving typical problems in research and production areas such as synthesis laboratories, quality control of active ingredients, laboratories for the analysis of products of natural origin, complex mixtures of metabolites. These skills are stimulated and developed typically during exercises of interpretation of spectra, during lectures and exercises.

4. Communication
Students successfully completing this course will be able to communicate what has been learned in a clear and rigorous manner, both to non-expert interlocutors and to experts in the field. The student is stimulated to interpersonal communication typically during classroom exercises.

5. Learning skills
Students successfully completing this course should have developed autonomous learning abilities related to chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques through the consultation of databases, bibliographic material and scientific literature available on-line.

Educational objectives

The course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry and Radiochemistry aims to provide students with the fundamental knowledge of modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, commonly used in the study of organic molecules in research and control laboratories. The course also aims to provide the ability to identify the most suitable chromatographic techniques for solving real problems, and to understand UV, IR, MS and NMR spectra of organic molecules. The course provides students with basic knowledge on nuclear chemistry and radiopharmaceutical preparations. At the end of the course the student will acquire the skills to analyze in-depth NMR, IR and MS spectra, to derive from their combined analysis the structure of unknown compounds, and to predict the spectroscopic properties of new compounds.

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students successfully completing this course understand and master the fundamentals of modern chromatographic techniques: adsorption, partition, kinetic aspects, van Deemter equation, composition and morphology of stationary phases, simple structure-retention relationships, solute-stationary phase-mobile phase interactions. The students know and understand the fundamentals of spectroscopic techniques: interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength, frequency, energy content, intensity of radiation, absorption, emission, scattering, excited states, quantization. The students know and understand the theoretical principles and practical applications of IR spectroscopy (harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, fundamental vibrations, overtone, combination bands, characteristic absorptions of the main functional groups), 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (nuclei in a magnetic field, resonance, relaxation processes, shielding and shielding constants, homo- and hetero-nuclear spin-coupling, Pople's spin notation systems, Karplus relation) and MS (ionization and fragmentation processes, analyzers). The students know and understand the theoretical principles and practical applications of instrumental hyphenated techniques (LC-MS). The students are able to understand how the spectral parameters can be influenced by the experimental conditions (physical state of the sample, concentration, solvent, temperature).

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students successfully completing this course should be able to select the most suitable chromatographic technique according to the structure of the compounds to be analyzed and is able to describe the process underlying the choice of stationary phases, mobile phases and detectors. The student is able to control and optimize the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the chromatographic process and is able to apply the acquired knowledge to new problems typical of research or working contexts. The student is able to interpret IR, NMR, MS spectra of simple pure organic compounds, and is able to choose the spectroscopic technique or the combination of several techniques suitable for diverse structural investigations (control of the conversion of functional groups, identification of impurities, ). The student is able to apply the known instrumental techniques to new problems that may arise in research or work areas.

3. Making judgement
Students successfully completing this course should be able to integrate the knowledge acquired during the course with those of the physical-organic chemistry that characterizes the Degree Course in CTF (study of equilibrium, reaction speed, reaction mechanisms, study of intermediates, selectivity, stereochemistry ). The student will be able to acquire data from databases and interpret multispectral data useful for solving typical problems in research and production areas such as synthesis laboratories, quality control of active ingredients, laboratories for the analysis of products of natural origin, complex mixtures of metabolites. These skills are stimulated and developed typically during exercises of interpretation of spectra, during lectures and exercises.

4. Communication
Students successfully completing this course will be able to communicate what has been learned in a clear and rigorous manner, both to non-expert interlocutors and to experts in the field. The student is stimulated to interpersonal communication typically during classroom exercises.

5. Learning skills
Students successfully completing this course should have developed autonomous learning abilities related to chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques through the consultation of databases, bibliographic material and scientific literature available on-line.

Educational objectives

The course of Physical Methods in Organic Chemistry and Radiochemistry aims to provide students with the fundamental knowledge of modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, commonly used in the study of organic molecules in research and control laboratories. The course also aims to provide the ability to identify the most suitable chromatographic techniques for solving real problems, and to understand UV, IR, MS and NMR spectra of organic molecules. The course provides students with basic knowledge on nuclear chemistry and radiopharmaceutical preparations. At the end of the course the student will acquire the skills to analyze in-depth NMR, IR and MS spectra, to derive from their combined analysis the structure of unknown compounds, and to predict the spectroscopic properties of new compounds.

1. Knowledge and understanding
Students successfully completing this course understand and master the fundamentals of modern chromatographic techniques: adsorption, partition, kinetic aspects, van Deemter equation, composition and morphology of stationary phases, simple structure-retention relationships, solute-stationary phase-mobile phase interactions. The students know and understand the fundamentals of spectroscopic techniques: interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength, frequency, energy content, intensity of radiation, absorption, emission, scattering, excited states, quantization. The students know and understand the theoretical principles and practical applications of IR spectroscopy (harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, fundamental vibrations, overtone, combination bands, characteristic absorptions of the main functional groups), 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (nuclei in a magnetic field, resonance, relaxation processes, shielding and shielding constants, homo- and hetero-nuclear spin-coupling, Pople's spin notation systems, Karplus relation) and MS (ionization and fragmentation processes, analyzers). The students know and understand the theoretical principles and practical applications of instrumental hyphenated techniques (LC-MS). The students are able to understand how the spectral parameters can be influenced by the experimental conditions (physical state of the sample, concentration, solvent, temperature).

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students successfully completing this course should be able to select the most suitable chromatographic technique according to the structure of the compounds to be analyzed and is able to describe the process underlying the choice of stationary phases, mobile phases and detectors. The student is able to control and optimize the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the chromatographic process and is able to apply the acquired knowledge to new problems typical of research or working contexts. The student is able to interpret IR, NMR, MS spectra of simple pure organic compounds, and is able to choose the spectroscopic technique or the combination of several techniques suitable for diverse structural investigations (control of the conversion of functional groups, identification of impurities, ). The student is able to apply the known instrumental techniques to new problems that may arise in research or work areas.

3. Making judgement
Students successfully completing this course should be able to integrate the knowledge acquired during the course with those of the physical-organic chemistry that characterizes the Degree Course in CTF (study of equilibrium, reaction speed, reaction mechanisms, study of intermediates, selectivity, stereochemistry ). The student will be able to acquire data from databases and interpret multispectral data useful for solving typical problems in research and production areas such as synthesis laboratories, quality control of active ingredients, laboratories for the analysis of products of natural origin, complex mixtures of metabolites. These skills are stimulated and developed typically during exercises of interpretation of spectra, during lectures and exercises.

4. Communication
Students successfully completing this course will be able to communicate what has been learned in a clear and rigorous manner, both to non-expert interlocutors and to experts in the field. The student is stimulated to interpersonal communication typically during classroom exercises.

5. Learning skills
Students successfully completing this course should have developed autonomous learning abilities related to chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques through the consultation of databases, bibliographic material and scientific literature available on-line.

Educational objectives

Module1 - Cellular and functional biochemistry I
Knowledge and ability to understand
Understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate key cellular functions. Understanding of the molecular bases leading to alterations of cellular functions.

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will have acquired knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate the main cellular functions whose imbalance is the basis of the onset of pathologies. This knowledge will be useful for the rational design and development of new drugs.

Communication skills and learning skills
Students will be able to critically describe the molecular mechanisms that regulate the main cellular functions.

Module 2 - Cellular and functional biochemistry II
Knowledge and ability to understand
Knowledge of the systems responsible for the signaling pathways and of the transduction of intra- and extracellular signals, with particular attention to the function performed by the protein components and their mechanism of action.

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will have acquired knowledge of the main signaling pathways and of the transduction of intra- and extracellular signals useful for the rational design and development of new drugs.

Communication skills and learning skills
Students will be able to critically describe the main signaling and transduction pathways of cellular signals.

Educational objectives

Module1 - CELLULAR AND FUNCTIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY I
Knowledge and ability to understand
Understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate key cellular functions. Understanding of the molecular bases leading to alterations of cellular functions.

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will have acquired knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate the main cellular functions whose imbalance is the basis of the onset of pathologies. This knowledge will be useful for the rational design and development of new drugs.

Communication skills and learning skills
Students will be able to critically describe the molecular mechanisms that regulate the main cellular functions.

Educational objectives

Module 2 - CELLULAR AND FUNCTIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY II
Knowledge and ability to understand
Knowledge of the systems responsible for the signaling pathways and of the transduction of intra- and extracellular signals, with particular attention to the function performed by the protein components and their mechanism of action.

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student will have acquired knowledge of the main signaling pathways and of the transduction of intra- and extracellular signals useful for the rational design and development of new drugs.

Communication skills and learning skills
Students will be able to critically describe the main signaling and transduction pathways of cellular signals.

Educational objectives

General Aims
General aim of the Physiology and Anatomy Course is gaining deep understanding and knowledge of the human body in normal conditions from the systematic, structural and functional point of view - from the cellular to the integrative level. Particular attention will be given to the structure and function of organs and systems and to their functional integration for homeostasis maintenance and life.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

Specific Aims
1. Knowledge and Understanding
During this Course the Student will receive adequate tools to develop deep knowledge and complete comprehension of the general, structural and functional organization of the human body, as well as of the relevant intra- and inter-cellular regulative pathways and mechanisms for integrative physiology and maintenance of homeostasis, in physiological or altered conditions.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the Course the Student will have gained the knowledge and competence needed for the comprehension of the anatomo-physiological interactions needed to maintain the human body homeostasis and life. Such knowledge and understanding are fundamental for the proper cultural formation of the Student in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, both from the theoretical and the applicative point of view.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

3. Making judgments
Critical and judgmental skills, as well as the comprehension of the topics discussed, are stimulated and verified by the Lecturers during each lesson. Students' interaction and ‘proactiveness’ as well as deepening of specific topics are strongly encouraged and promoted during lessons.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

4. Communication skills
The Student is asked to demonstrate solid knowledge and critical understanding of each topic of both Human Physiology and Anatomy. The Student's ability to communicate what learned is verified via an oral interview during which he/she will be asked to demonstrate his/her acquired knowledge. The final marking will reflect his/her overall knowledge and performance and will be calculated as the average of the marks gained by the Student for each teaching module weighted to the relevant CFUs.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

5. Learning skills
Critical spirit, Proactiveness and Cultural Independence are fundamental skills of the Pharmaceutical Biotechnologist. These attitudes will be widely stimulated by the Lecturers. Thus, the final goal for both the Student and the Lecturer is to the develop the tools necessary for the Student’s autonomous, critic and creative approach to work, whether it will be in an academic or professional career.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

Main Objectives
The main aim of the course is to allow the graduate in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology to achieve a high qualification in the pharmacological field essential to its inclusion in the job market, in sectors related to the design and development of innovative bio-drugs and the study of their cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Specific objectives
Classes will provide students with the fundamental pharmacological information on the principal drug classes used in clinical therapy. Particular attention will be focused on the cellular and molecular mechanism of drug action and to the rationale sustaining the development of novel therapies.

The course will provide, also, the basic notions on the in vitro and in vivo experimental models used for drug discovery and development and on the principal methodological approach for the analysis and the evaluation of the experimental results.
The course aims to train future operators able, in total independence, to address the problems related to the screening of new drugs, especially biotechnological and / or biological drugs, in relation to existing drugs

Among the skills that will be acquired by the student at the end of the course the making judgments and communication skills will be stimulated through a timely and constant interaction during the course classes. In particular, the student will be asked to answer simple questions that recall or link to topics already dealt with this course or with other courses of the teaching cycle. Finally, through the reference to scientific databases (eg. Pubmed) or to websites of public or private organizations in the area of Pharmacology (eg AIFA, ISS, Italian Pharmacology Society), the course will provide the student with indications on the use of such sources to develop learning skills necessary for his/her autonomous continuous education in this field.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide the biochemical basis for understanding the development of technologies used in research and production of proteins, enzymes and biomolecules useful for medicine, nutrition and industrial processes.
During the course the potential applications of biochemistry and biotechnology in the industrial field will be illustrated, with particular reference to the pharmaceutical industry.

Module 1 – Enzimology and industrial biochemistry
Acquired knowledge
- understanding the methodologies used for development and industrial scale production of proteins and enzymes;
- knowledge of the potential applications of protein biotechnology in industrial processes, diagnostic and therapeutic, with particular reference to the pharmaceutical industry;

Acquired competences
- ability to use biochemical techniques for the purification, analysis and use of enzymes and biomolecules.

Communication skills and learning skills
Describe and relate critically the processes studied. Deal with scientific articles in the biotechnology field and get a critical understanding of their contents.

Module 2 – Pharmaceutical biotechnologies
Acquired knowledge
Competences in the field of pharmaceutical biotechnologies in order to design, develop, test, formulate and produce new biotech compounds.

Acquired competences
Conceptual basis and technical knowledge of innovative biotechnological methodologies applied to the process of pharmaceutical development.

Communication skills and learning skills
Describe and relate critically the processes studied. Deal with scientific articles in the biopharmaceutical field and get a critical understanding of their contents.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide the biochemical basis for understanding the development of technologies used in research and production of proteins, enzymes and biomolecules useful for medicine, nutrition and industrial processes.
During the course the potential applications of biochemistry and biotechnology in the industrial field will be illustrated, with particular reference to the pharmaceutical industry.

Module 2 – Pharmaceutical biotechnologies
Acquired knowledge
Competences in the field of pharmaceutical biotechnologies in order to design, develop, test, formulate and produce new biotech compounds.

Acquired competences
Conceptual basis and technical knowledge of innovative biotechnological methodologies applied to the process of pharmaceutical development.

Communication skills and learning skills
Describe and relate critically the processes studied. Deal with scientific articles in the biopharmaceutical field and get a critical understanding of their contents.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide the biochemical basis for understanding the development of technologies used in research and production of proteins, enzymes and biomolecules useful for medicine, nutrition and industrial processes.
During the course the potential applications of biochemistry and biotechnology in the industrial field will be illustrated, with particular reference to the pharmaceutical industry.

Module 1 – Enzimology and industrial biochemistry
Acquired knowledge
- understanding the methodologies used for development and industrial scale production of proteins and enzymes;
- knowledge of the potential applications of protein biotechnology in industrial processes, diagnostic and therapeutic, with particular reference to the pharmaceutical industry;

Acquired competences
- ability to use biochemical techniques for the purification, analysis and use of enzymes and biomolecules.

Communication skills and learning skills
Describe and relate critically the processes studied. Deal with scientific articles in the biotechnology field and get a critical understanding of their contents.

Educational objectives

The course completes the formation of the student in the field of microbiology by giving a clear and detailed vision of some aspects of the subject together with critical skills that are necessary to evaluate future developments in this specific sector.
The fundamental objective of the course is to give adequate informations on the following subjects:
• Emerging problems in the treatment of infectious diseases and their possible solutions according to recent findings of molecular and cellular microbiology;
• Drugs used in the treatment of infectious diseases (analysis of conventional methods used in research and development of drugs for infectous diseases and impact of new molecular findings on them):
• Methods used to search and develop new anti-infective drugs and to identify new molecular targets of pathogens;
• New approaches in the tratment of infections, methods for integrated biological control of mucosal environments by quorum sensing modulators, phages and predating bacteria;
• Biological drugs (vaccines and recombinant drugs) (productive and applicative aspects);
• Characterization and manipulation of mucosal microbiota in order to promote human health with particular attention to the use of probiotics, prebiotics and functional foods able to modify the mucosal microbiota;
• Potentials of biotechnologic diagnostics in the different sectors of microbiologic interest.

Educational objectives

General Aims
General aim of the Physiology and Anatomy Course is gaining deep understanding and knowledge of the human body in normal conditions from the systematic, structural and functional point of view - from the cellular to the integrative level. Particular attention will be given to the structure and function of organs and systems and to their functional integration for homeostasis maintenance and life.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

Specific Aims
1. Knowledge and Understanding
During this Course the Student will receive adequate tools to develop deep knowledge and complete comprehension of the general, structural and functional organization of the human body, as well as of the relevant intra- and inter-cellular regulative pathways and mechanisms for integrative physiology and maintenance of homeostasis, in physiological or altered conditions.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the Course the Student will have gained the knowledge and competence needed for the comprehension of the anatomo-physiological interactions needed to maintain the human body homeostasis and life. Such knowledge and understanding are fundamental for the proper cultural formation of the Student in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, both from the theoretical and the applicative point of view.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

3. Making judgments
Critical and judgmental skills, as well as the comprehension of the topics discussed, are stimulated and verified by the Lecturers during each lesson. Students' interaction and ‘proactiveness’ as well as deepening of specific topics are strongly encouraged and promoted during lessons.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

4. Communication skills
The Student is asked to demonstrate solid knowledge and critical understanding of each topic of both Human Physiology and Anatomy. The Student's ability to communicate what learned is verified via an oral interview during which he/she will be asked to demonstrate his/her acquired knowledge. The final marking will reflect his/her overall knowledge and performance and will be calculated as the average of the marks gained by the Student for each teaching module weighted to the relevant CFUs.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

5. Learning skills
Critical spirit, Proactiveness and Cultural Independence are fundamental skills of the Pharmaceutical Biotechnologist. These attitudes will be widely stimulated by the Lecturers. Thus, the final goal for both the Student and the Lecturer is to the develop the tools necessary for the Student’s autonomous, critic and creative approach to work, whether it will be in an academic or professional career.
For more details, please see the specific sections for the Physiology and Anatomy teaching Modules.

Educational objectives

General Aims
Knowledge of the general systematic and structural organization of the normal human body from the tissue level to the systematic level, in particular the organs of the various systems.

Specific Aims
1. Knowledge and Understanding
During the Course the Student will gain access to a thorough knowledge and complete comprehension of the general, structural and functional organization of the human body.

2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the Course the Student will gain the knowledge necessary to the anatomical characteristics for the understanding of Human Physiology.
In the field of Applicative Biotechnologies, the Student will profit his/hers knowledge of the Human Anatomy to design new-­‐generation drugs or therapeutic approach using biocompatible materials.

3. Making judgments
Critical and judgmental skills, as well as the comprehension of the topics discussed, are verified by the Lecturer during each lesson through interaction with the students.

4. Communication skills
The Student is asked to demonstrate solid knowledge and critical understanding of each topic of the Macro and microscopic Human Anatomy. The Student's ability to communicate what learned is verified via an oral interview.

5. Learning skills
Fundamental to the study of Human Anatomy in this module are the correct use of the chosen textbook(s) and the attendance and active participation to the lessons.

Educational objectives

General Aims
The objective of the course of Molecular and Cellular Pathology is to provide a firm foundation for understanding the molecular and cellular basis of disease. Goals: understanding the molecular complexity in human disease basis, understanding how most common diseases are linked to the dysfunction of specific pathways and how the application of molecular and cellular approach might help to advance medical research and the translation and application of knowledge to human disease.

Specific Aims
1. Knowledge and Understanding
The goal of the courses is to provide students a rigorous intellectual foundation of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of human disease. Appreciate how most human diseases are linked with molecular or cellular dysfunction. Students should be able to articulate basic disease mechanisms that can underlie an identified pathology.

2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding
At the end of the course students will have a solid understanding of the basic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level that are correlated with the pathologic mechanisms that underlie human disease. This background is particularly important for Pharmaceutical Biotechnolgy students by equipping students with an advanced knowledge of molecular pathology and an understanding of the relevant principles and rationale for practical applications of therapeutic approach.

3. Making judgments
Didactic and highly interactive lectures are provided to obtain an understanding of how in most common diseases insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis of human diseases may limit the effectiveness of the present therapeutic approaches. Students will know how molecular and cellular pathology is presently applied to gain insight into how disease conditions are investigated at a molecular level, as well as understanding how this may positively affect the therapeutic approach to human diseases.

4. Communication skills
Students' achievement of learning outcomes is demonstrated by the ability to analyze and critically discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to human disease. Students’ evaluation is based by oral exam and the final score represents the sum of the two modules of the course. The overall knowledge of students is verified and students obtain their evaluation from grade 18 to grade 30. An exam is considered passed if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. In the event of a full grade (30/30), the Examination Board may grant honours (lode).

5. Learning skills
The Program in Molecular and cellular pathology focuses on the molecular mechanisms that cause diseases, the newest technologies in genomics, and proteomics as well as the development of prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This is a crucial aspect to help students understand their learning interests as Pharmacological Biotechnology students, enhancing their dispositions to be active and autonomous learners.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide the student with basics in formulation of biotechnological drugs, as well as, development of conventional and innovative pharmaceutical dosage forms. To this end, the course aims to give adequate theoretical bases in order to make the student able to comprehend the relation between the properties of the different dosage forms and their biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic fate in vivo, considering the physico-chemical properties of the drug as well as the therapeutic objective. At the same time, the course aims to provide deep knowledge on different formulation strategies and analytical techniques to characterize the pharmaceutical forms.
The course further aims to provide the student with knowledge about manufacturing, registration and commercialization of biotechnological drugs. Overall, the course aims to develop knowledge about the main formulation, manufacturing, quality and regulatory issues.
At the end of the course, the student should demonstrate:
1) Knowledge and understanding skills on the following topics:
- basics on formulation, manufacturing and quality control of the principal conventional and innovative dosage forms;
- technological characteristics of the excipients;
- theoretical bases of controlled release of drugs;
- pharmaceutical legislation and regulation with focus on biotechnological drugs.

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
The course aims to provide the student with general principles to optimize the efficacy of biotechnological drugs, taking into consideration the physico-chemical and stability properties of the active molecule as well as the administration route, the delivery vehicle and the targeting strategy more suitable to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, the student will be able to follow the steps of the manufacturing process of medicines and to prepare the principal conventional and innovative dosage forms, taking into account potential formulation, regulatory and safety issues.
3) Making judgements
At the end of the course, the student will write a report to demonstrate its ability to evaluate the technological, regulatory and safety issues related to the manufacturing of a conventional or innovative dosage form.
4) Communication skills
During the course, some roundtables sessions will be carried forward under the direction of the professor to evaluate the communication skills of the student. These sessions will be important to develop the ability to critically evaluate technological, regulatory and safety issues related to the manufacturing of conventional or innovative dosage forms. They will also be useful to develop the ability to properly report this information to both expert and inexpert persons.

5) Lifelong learning skills
The course will provide the student with theoretical basis and tools to develop independent lifelong learning skills, in order to make it able to further enrich its knowledge, thus maintaining it on a constant level. This point is particularly important considering the quick and incessant evolution of the pharmaceutical technologies and legislation.

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide the student with basics in formulation of biotechnological drugs, as well as, development of conventional and innovative pharmaceutical dosage forms. To this end, the course aims to give adequate theoretical bases in order to make the student able to comprehend the relation between the properties of the different dosage forms and their biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic fate in vivo, considering the physico-chemical properties of the drug as well as the therapeutic objective. At the same time, the course aims to provide deep knowledge on different formulation strategies and analytical techniques to characterize the pharmaceutical forms.
The course further aims to provide the student with knowledge about manufacturing, registration and commercialization of biotechnological drugs. Overall, the course aims to develop knowledge about the main formulation, manufacturing, quality and regulatory issues.
At the end of the course, the student should demonstrate:
1) Knowledge and understanding skills on the following topics:
- basics on formulation, manufacturing and quality control of the principal conventional and innovative dosage forms;
- technological characteristics of the excipients;
- theoretical bases of controlled release of drugs;
- pharmaceutical legislation and regulation with focus on biotechnological drugs.

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
The course aims to provide the student with general principles to optimize the efficacy of biotechnological drugs, taking into consideration the physico-chemical and stability properties of the active molecule as well as the administration route, the delivery vehicle and the targeting strategy more suitable to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, the student will be able to follow the steps of the manufacturing process of medicines and to prepare the principal conventional and innovative dosage forms, taking into account potential formulation, regulatory and safety issues.
3) Making judgements
At the end of the course, the student will write a report to demonstrate its ability to evaluate the technological, regulatory and safety issues related to the manufacturing of a conventional or innovative dosage form.
4) Communication skills
During the course, some roundtables sessions will be carried forward under the direction of the professor to evaluate the communication skills of the student. These sessions will be important to develop the ability to critically evaluate technological, regulatory and safety issues related to the manufacturing of conventional or innovative dosage forms. They will also be useful to develop the ability to properly report this information to both expert and inexpert persons.

5) Lifelong learning skills
The course will provide the student with theoretical basis and tools to develop independent lifelong learning skills, in order to make it able to further enrich its knowledge, thus maintaining it on a constant level. This point is particularly important considering the quick and incessant evolution of the pharmaceutical technologies and legislation.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed at providing the students conceptual basis and technical knowledge to design new chemical entities. In particular, during the course the students will develop computational skill in physical-chemistry theory of medicinal chemistry. Methods in both ligand-based drug design (no knowledge of target) and structure based drug design (known structure of the target) will be learned both in theoretical aspects and in detailed practical sessions. Practical sessions will also introduce the students to the use of personal computers.

Acquired knowledges
Make structure-activity relationships for a given series of bioactive compounds and rationalization of their quantitative and structural features to design new molecular entities of pharmaceutical interest.

Acquired competences
Setup a rational approach for the rational design of new derivatives through LBDD and SBDD software techniques.

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

Protein Engineering module
- Knowledge and understanding
Learn the general principles of protein engineering
- Applying knowledge and understanding
Being able to design and produce recombinant proteins and their variants.
- Making judgements
- Evaluate the best technical approach to design a specific protein engineering experiment
- Communication skills
- Report on the step-by-step protocol required for a specific protein engineering experiment, highlighting eventual pitfalls
- Learning skills
- Gain skills for future design of experimental protocols specifically required to perform protein engineering experiments (i.e. design, cloning, mutagenesis and expression)

Educational objectives

The objectives of the module are reported in the teaching sheet

Educational objectives

The final exam consists in the drafting, presentation and discussion of a written report (thesis), independently elaborated by the student on the basis of the research activity conducted under the supervision of a teacher. The thesis documents in detail the project developed by the student and his/her individual experimental activity. Drafting the report, student will enhance his/her critical and methodological autonomy to favor a profitable integration into the labour market.