PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC BASES OF DISEASES Single channel
Chair (Coordinator) and Rapporteur: SIMONA CECCARELLI
Module 1: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
- Activity type
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- SSD
- MEDS-26/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- SIMONA CECCARELLI
Module 2: Pathology and pathophysiology
- Activity type
- Scienze biomediche
- SSD
- MEDS-02/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 2
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- MARIALAURA PETRONI
Module 3: Microbiology
- Activity type
- Scienze biomediche
- SSD
- MEDS-03/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 2
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- ALESSANDRA PIERANGELI
Module 4: Anatomo pathology bases
- Activity type
- Scienze medico - chirurgiche
- SSD
- MEDS-04/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- FRANCESCA GIANNO
Learning outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
• understand the basis of pathological processes and the repercussions of functional alterations in various organs and/or systems on the entire human body;
• distinguish the main bacterial and viral infectious agents and their modes of transmission to humans, with the aim of acquiring knowledge of their prevention in the hospital setting;
• understand the significance and limitations of measuring the most frequently used clinical and molecular biochemical markers in laboratory medicine.
Prerequisites
To understand the content of the teaching and achieve the learning objectives, the student must have the basic knowledge on anatomy, physiology and general pathology.
Programme
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
• The laboratory analysis: pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phase; concept of variability; quality control; reference intervals; predictive value
• The laboratory in liver failure: bilirubin and urobilinogen; serum enzymes indicating cytolysis and cholestasis; electrophoretic protidogram
• The laboratory in renal failure: blood tests; functionality tests; urinalysis
• The laboratory in cardiovascular diseases (IMA): diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction
• The laboratory in oncology: serum, molecular and genetic tumor markers; evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the diagnosis / prognosis of tumors
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
-General etiology and causes of disease. Homeostasis and mechanisms of cellular adaptation.
-Cellular damage: causes, mechanisms, necrosis and apoptosis.
-Innate and acquired immunity: cells and mechanisms of action.
-Acute inflammation: vascular and cellular phases.
-Chronic inflammation.
-Systemic manifestations of inflammation: fever, acute phase protein response, leukocytosis, and metabolic alterations.
-Immune system alterations: hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiencies.
-Neoplasms: tumor classification and staging; molecular basis of carcinogenesis.
-Pathophysiology of major endocrine disorders.
-Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system: hypertension, hypotension, and shock.
-Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism, ischemia, and infarction.
-Pathophysiology of the urinary system.
Module: Microbiology
Structure and classification of bacteria
Bacterial genome
Bacterial infections and structures
Bacterial pathogenesis and commensals
Treatment of bacterial infections
Overview of immune response, vaccines and of microbiological diagnostics
Fungal structure and classification, Clinical mycology
Structure and classification of viruses
Viral replication and pathogenesis
Treatment of viral infections
Viral respiratory infections (influenza, SARS-CoV-2)
Hepatic Infections
HPV, HIV
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
1. Pathological anatomy definition, biopsy materials, and basic methods
2. Inflammation
3. Disorders of cellular proliferation and differentiation
4. Neoplasms and TNM classification
5. Cardiovascular pathology
6. Thyroid pathology
7. Pulmonary pathology
8. Gastrointestinal pathology
9. Breast pathology
10. Skin pathology
11. Gynecological pathology
Books
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
- “Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio” di Marcello Ciaccio e Giuseppe Lippi. Ed. Edises
- “Medicina di Laboratorio” di Giorgio Federici. Ed. Mc Graw Hill
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
-Patologia Generale ed Elementi di Fisiopatologia, Maurizio Parola
-Elementi di Patologia generale & Fisiopatologia generale, Pontieri.
Module: Microbiology
Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.
Microbiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.
Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
Teaching material presented during the lessons will be provided to the students either in electronic format or as paper material. It will also be recommended useful material for any further study.
Bibliography
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
Additional teaching material presented during the lessons will be provided to the students either in electronic format or as paper material. It will also be recommended useful material for any further study
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
N/D
Module: Microbiology
N/D
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D
Lessons mode
The teacher delivers lectures with traditional methods with audiovisual aids and scheduling of lessons as reported on GOMP Aule/Orari system, published on the website of the Degree Course
Frequency
Attendance is mandatory.
Exam mode
The exam consists of a written or oral exam that deals with one or more topics of the individual modules in detail. The knowledge related to each module contributes together with the overall assessment.To pass the exam the student must obtain a grade of not less than 18/30 in each module.
The frequency of lessons is also taken into consideration for the evaluation.
Exams are held at the end of the course.
Example exam questions
Questions on the topics of each module to assess students' ability to make connections between the topics covered in the exam.
Arguments
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
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Introduction to laboratory medicine. The pre-analytical,
analytical, and post-analytical phases. Laboratory quality control. Reference
values. The concept of biological variability. Diagnostic value. Concepts of
sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. - @font-face
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Laboratory diagnostics of liver function. Assessment of
tissue damage by enzymatic assays (ALT and AST transaminases, GDH). Assessment
of liver secretory function (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-GT assays).
Assessment of liver protein synthesis (pseudocholinesterase and serum protein
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Laboratory assessment of renal function. Blood and
urinary parameters. Laboratory assessment of renal function. Dynamic perfusion
tests. Urinalysis. Pre-analytical variability of the test. Physical, chemical,
and microscopic examination. - @font-face
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The laboratory in the evaluation of oncological diseases.
Tumor markers: definition and classification. Diagnostic significance of the
main markers used for colon, ovarian, breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Acute
myocardial infarction. Signs and symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis using early and
late markers. Emergency AMI protocol.
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
- 1)
General etiology and causes of disease.
Homeostasis and mechanisms of cellular adaptation. Cellular injury: causes and
mechanisms. (3 hours) - 2)
Cellular injury: necrosis and apoptosis. Innate
and adaptive immunity: cells and mechanisms of action. (3 hours) - 3)
Acute inflammation: vascular phase and cellular
phase. Chronic inflammation. (3 hours) - 4)
Systemic manifestations of inflammation: fever,
acute-phase protein response, leukocytosis, and metabolic alterations.
Disorders of the immune system: hypersensitivity reactions. (3 hours) - 5)
Autoimmunity and immunodeficiencies. Neoplasms:
tumor classification and staging; molecular basis of carcinogenesis. (3 hours) - 6)
Pathophysiology of the major endocrine disorders.
(3 hours) - 7)
Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system:
hypertension, hypotension, shock, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism,
ischemia, and myocardial infarction. (3 hours) - 8)
Pathophysiology of the urinary system. (3 hours)
Module: Microbiology
- Structure
and classification of bacteria. Bacterial genome and structures. Bacterial commensalism and pathogenesis.
6 hours - Prophylaxis
and treatment of bacterial infections, antimicrobial vaccines. 3 hours - Main bacterial pathogens: Streptococci, Stafilococci, Mycobatteria,
Enterobacteriacae (E. Coli, Salmonella, Shigella), Haemophilus, Neisseria,
Bordetella, Clostridium. 6 hours - Fungal Structure and Classification, Clinical Mycology. 2 hours
- Structure
and classification of viruses. Viral infections and replication. Viral
pathogenesis. 3 hours - Respiratory infections(influenza, SARS-CoV-2), HIV, HPV, Herpesvirus. Hepatic Infections. 4 hours
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
- Introduction Anatomic pathology
- Pulmonary and heart disease
- Thyroid
- Breast and skin pathology
- Gastrointestinal pathology
Sustainability goals
- Academic year2026/2027
- Degree program to which the course belongsNursing - Course C - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I
- Languageita
- CFU6 CFU, distributed among 4 integrated didactic modules
- Total duration72 hours