Nursing

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

FIS/07

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

RICCARDO FACCINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/10

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

LUCIA MARCOCCI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/13

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

FIORENZA COLLORIDI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/03

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

FIORENZA COLLORIDI

Module:
Fundamental physics concepts applied to every day use cases in the clinical pratice


Module:
Understanding the biological role of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Knowledge of the general concepts of the cellular bioenergetic and metabolism.


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Basic high school fundaments of physics


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Knowledge of mathematics, physic, and chemistry, taught in high school.


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Mechanics
* Fundamentals: physics and the scientific method, units of measurement and scientific notation, proportions
* Kinematics: position, velocity, acceleration, uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated motion.
* Dynamics: forces, vectors, principles of dynamics, units of force.
* Examples of forces: elastic force, weight force.

Fluids and the cardiovascular system
* Density
* Specific weight
* Pressure
* Stevin's law
* Communicating vessels
* Manometer
* Arterial pressure
* Blood pressure
* Consequences of hydrostatic pressure: physiology, health "habits
* Principle of Archimedes
* Flow rate
* Conservation of flow: blood velocity
* Bernoulli's theorem: stenosis and aneurysm
* Viscous effects and hydraulic resistance
* Viscous effects in blood

Energy, power and heat
* Energy
* Thermal energy, phases of matter, calorie
* Power: average metabolism
* First principle of thermodynamics: heat, work, equation of state of perfect gases
* Cardiac power

Electricity and physiological effects of current
* Electric charge
* Electric force
* Electric current: metals, current intensity, potential difference, Joule effect
* Electrical activity of the heart
* Physiological effects of electric current

Radiation
* The atom
* Radioactivity: carbon-14, natural radioactivity, units of measurement
* Absorbed dose
* Equivalent absorbed dose
* Legal standards


Module:
Origin of life: the prebiotic world and chemical evolution. Periodic table. Atoms. Chemical bonds: covalent, ionic, hydrogen. The chemistry of carbon: functional groups (alcohol, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, amines, amides, esters, anhydrides. hemiacetals, acetals, hemiketals, ketals). Stereoisomers. Chemical properties of water: structure, solvation, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, van der Walls interactions, ionic bonds, colligative properties, osmosis, diffusion, ionization, acid-base chemistry, pH, pK, buffer systems, biological buffers of phosphate and carbonate. Cellular architecture: the organization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells; the functional role of subcellular organelles.
Structure and function of amino acids and proteins: Structure and function of standard amino acids and some non-standard amino acids, ionization, and acid-base properties of amino acids. Peptide bond, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure, denaturation, and folding of proteins. Structure and function of collagen, immunoglobulins, myoglobin, and hemoglobin. Saturation curves of myoglobin and hemoglobin, allostery, cooperativity, Bohr effect, carbon dioxide transport, pathological hemoglobin. Biochemistry of the blood, albumin, globin, electrophoretic analysis. General properties of enzymes, Michelis-Menten equation, reciprocal double graph. Enzyme inhibition. Mechanisms of regulation of enzymatic activity. Coenzymes and vitamins.
Carbohydrates: structure and function of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates, the role of oligosaccharides in cell recognition and adhesion; the antigenic determinants of blood groups, lectins, glycoproteins.
Lipids and cellular membrane: structure and function of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, prostaglandins, sterols. Lipoproteins. Structure and organization of membranes. Membrane transporters, receptors, and adhesions proteins.
Bioenergetics and metabolism: the laws of thermodynamics, free energy, the role of triphosphate nucleotides and high energy phosphorylated compounds, redox reactions. Introduction to metabolism.


Module:
The biological basis of life. General properties and fundamental components of living beings. Levels of organization of living things. Origin of life and evolution of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell Cell biology: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Structure and function of the cell membrane. Structure and function of the cell: The cell nucleus, the cytoplasm, the cytoplasmic organelles: smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cellular compartments and protein transport: targeting and modification of proteins; The cytoskeleton, cell junctions
Cell duplication: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, gametogenesis, conception
“Molecular bases of heredity”:
Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA: composition and structure; role of the various types of RNA. DNA duplication, transcription, genetic code, translation. Flow of genetic information. Control and regulation of gene expression. Gene and human genome: structure and function; Chromatin and chromosomes.
Genetic variability: genetic mutations (genic, genomic, chromosomal) and their consequences, genetic polymorphism.


Module:
Genetic variability: genetic mutations (gene, genomic, chromosomal) and their consequences, genetic polymorphism.
“The mechanisms of heredity”
Essential nomenclature (concept of gene, allele, phenotype, genotype, dominance, codominance, recessiveness, homozygous, heterozygous, hemizygous)
Family trees. Mendelian heredity: Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-Linked recessive; Penetrance and expressivity, genetic heterogeneity. Polygenic-multifactorial heredity.
“Genetic diseases”: Mendelian diseases, complex diseases (multifactorial), mitochondrial diseases (notes), triplet expansion diseases.
Chromosomal disorders. Human and pathological karyotype. Congenital defects.
Genetics and Genomics in Clinical Practice:
Notes on Epigenetics
Genetic counseling, genetic testing, molecular diagnostics and cytogenetics.
Prenatal Diagnosis
Congenital malformations

Module:
slides of the course

Elementi di fisica biomedica, D.Scannicchio & E.Giroletti, Edises.
L.Nitti e R.Tommasi, Fisica 2000 quiz a scelta multipla per le scienze biomediche, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Distribuzione esclusiva Zanichelli



Module:
Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger, Nelson, Zanichelli
Chimica e Biochimica, Stefani, Taddei, Zanichelli
Elementi di Chimica e Biochimica, Chiricozzi, Colombo, Magni, Marin, Palestini, Tugnoli, EdiSES
M. Samaja, R. Paroni - CHIMICA E BIOCHIMICA per le lauree triennali dell’area Biomedica - Ed. Piccin
PubMed



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Two hours lessons where the topics will be illustrated by means of slides. Applications will be shown during the lessons and the teacher will show brief exercises and will solve them after having given some time to the students to study them. Solved exercises are also on the slides.



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The topics are presented by the teacher through slides. Summary of the topics shown in the previous lesson. Questions to the class to stimulate knowledge about the connection among biological processes.


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compulsory


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Mandatory



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Multiple choice test constituted of exercises similar to those presented during the course


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Multiple choise test on the course topics


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Module:
6 liters of a medicine contain 500 mg of farmaceutical. How much farmaceutical will you administer by using 3cm^3 of medicine?

How much is the pressure in the see, at a depth of 59 m?

If the relative venous pressure is 7 mm Hg which is the minimal height at which the drip need to be put?


Module:
Which of the following molecules is a phospholipid?
What does the protein's primary structure indicate?
What is the function of a receptor?



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