Nursing

Aurora Altissimi

The professional internship is designed to prepare first-year students to identify the physical, psychological, and social needs of individuals across the lifespan, integrating theoretical knowledge with practical application. It aims to foster the development of nursing concepts and professional principles within the care settings outlined in the training program, in alignment with the responsibilities appropriate to the student's level of training.

Having completed 450 hours of internship

During the first-year clinical placement, the student gains practical experience in nursing interventions focused on the individual.
The student will be able to plan, organize, implement, and evaluate care related to the individual's basic needs and therapeutic plan, while establishing an effective helping relationship.


NEED TO BREATHE
Recognize and assess factors influencing the individual's need to breathe;
Measure respiratory rate; position the individual to facilitate breathing and expectoration;
Ensure an environment conducive to breathing;
Assess sputum characteristics; prepare materials and collect sputum samples; administer inhaled therapeutic agents;
Administer oxygen therapy.
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
Recognize and assess factors influencing nutritional needs;
Prepare equipment and apply scientifically sound techniques for measuring body weight and height;
Evaluate the adequacy of the hospital diet in relation to the individual's condition;
Prepare a suitable environment by regulating ventilation, lighting, and temperature;
Prepare for and assist the individual with eating, and verify that the meal has been consumed;
Assist the individual during emesis and observe its characteristics;
Assist individuals with dysphagia or nausea.

ELIMINATION NEEDS
Recognize and assess factors influencing elimination needs;
Observe the characteristics of excretions (urine and stool);
Collect 24-hour urine samples;
Collect urine samples for chemical-physical, culture, and cytology analysis; collect stool samples for culture, occult blood, and parasitology analysis; position devices for urine and stool collection;
Perform urine dipstick tests and recognize abnormal findings; insert a rectal tube;
Administer small- and large-volume enemas;
Assist individuals with altered bowel function (diarrhea, constipation, incontinence);
Assist individuals with altered urinary function.

HYGIENE NEEDS
Identify and assess factors influencing hygiene needs;
Ensure partial and full personal hygiene: hand washing, eye care, ear care, oral hygiene, intimate hygiene, showering, bathing, bed baths, foot care, and hair washing;
Make unoccupied and occupied beds;
Assist the individual with hygiene care and help them change personal clothing according to their level of dependency;

SAFETY NEEDS
Identify and assess factors influencing safety needs;
Ensure a physical and psychosocial environment conducive to patient safety;
Apply practices to protect against physical, chemical, and biological risks in the workplace;
Adopt precautions for manual handling of loads;
Implement infection risk prevention strategies (standard precautions) in hospital and community settings;
Ensure privacy;
Implement measures to prevent physical, chemical, and mechanical risks;
Prevent healthcare-associated infections through the cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of care equipment;
Don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE);
Don and doff sterile gloves;
Perform hand hygiene (social, antiseptic, and surgical washing, as well as alcohol-based hand rubbing);
Understand the correct use of gloves during care activities;
Dispose of waste correctly;

NEED FOR MOVEMENT AND MAINTAINING PROPER POSTURE
Recognize and identify factors influencing the need for movement and maintaining proper posture;
Assist the person with ambulation using assistive devices as needed;
Know how to position the person in the following positions: supine, prone, lateral, Sims, Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg, Fowler’s and semi-Fowler’s, lithotomy, and knee-chest;
Prevent complications associated with bed rest through active and passive mobilization; transfer the person from bed to wheelchair and vice versa;
Assist the person during transport.


ASSESSMENT OF VITAL SIGNS
Recognize and identify factors influencing the need to maintain body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure within normal ranges;
Measure body temperature at various sites;
Measure heart rate by palpating peripheral pulses;
Measure blood pressure;
Pain assessment scales;
Assist the person during fever spikes, fever reduction (lysis), and febrile episodes;
Assist the person experiencing hypertensive or hypotensive crises, bradycardia, or tachycardia.


COMMUNICATION NEEDS
Recognize and identify factors influencing the need to communicate;
Participate in welcoming the person to various care settings, planning the timing and environment to foster and facilitate communication;
Listen to and inform the person, while respecting confidentiality regarding their personal data;
Use verbal and non-verbal communication appropriate to the person's physical and mental condition. NEED FOR REST AND SLEEP
Recognize and identify factors influencing the need for sleep and rest;
Create an environment conducive to sleep by controlling noise levels and room lighting.

NEED FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Understand the procedure for requesting and storing medications;
Understand medication preparation techniques;
Understand medication administration routes (oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, and intravenous);
Be able to administer medication via oral and subcutaneous routes (insulin therapy and low-molecular-weight heparin);
Be able to perform capillary blood sampling;
Be able to apply topical medications and administer eye drops, vaginal suppositories/ovules, and rectal suppositories;
Be able to identify adverse reactions associated with medication administration.


MAINTAINING SKIN INTEGRITY AND HEALING PRESSURE ULCERS
Be able to use assessment scales for pain, pressure ulcer risk, and fall risk;
Assist with and perform simple wound dressings (including for pressure ulcers);
Understand the scientific principles of sterility and apply them when preparing a sterile field.

S.M. Nettina, “Il manuale dell’Infermiere”, 7 ed. volumi 1 e 2, Piccin, 2021, Padova.
A.Berman, S. Snyder, C. Jackson, “ Nursing Clinico: Tecniche e procedure di Kozier”, II Edizione, EdiSES, 2011, Napoli.
R. Craven, C. Hirnel, S. Jensen, “Principi fondamentali dell’Assistenza Infermieristica”, Quinta Edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, settembre 2013, Milano, vol. 1 e 2
P. Lynn “Manuale di tecniche e procedure infermieristiche di Taylor”, Piccin Nuova Libreria Spa Padova, 2018, III edizione
C. Taylor, C. Lillis, P. Lynn, P. LeMone “Principi fondamentali dell’assistenza infermieristica” Piccin Nuova Libreria Spa Padova, 2018

lectures / direct instruction

450-hour internship

positive assessment

Which substance is produced by the pancreas?

The nursing diagnosis of hypothermia is an example of:

Ms. Rita, aged 46, requires an intramuscular (IM) dose of 12 mg of cortisone. The supply available on the ward is 4 mg/ml in 1 ml vials. Indicate how many milliliters of the solution must be drawn up to meet the therapeutic order.

A urine sample for bacteriological analysis should be collected from the midstream.