Midwifery

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-06/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARCO BERNARDI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-12/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

36 classroom hours

Lecturers

STEFANIA ANNARITA NOTTOLA

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-13/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

LUCA MADARO

To have acquired knowledge of the structural organization of the human body and its main anatomo-clinical, physiological, and histological applications.

- Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the student should know and understand:
• The morphology, structural organization and function of the systems and organs of the human body, at both macroscopic and microscopic levels;
• The spatial relationships between the various organs of the human body;
• The anatomical terminology useful for the morphological and functional description of anatomical structures.
- Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the student should have acquired the following skills:
• A methodological study criterion useful in describing the architecture and spatial relationships among the various structures of the human body;
• The ability to connect the macroscopic and microscopic organization of systems and organs with the corresponding functions.
- Making informed judgments and choices
At the end of the course, the student should have acquired the following skills:
• The ability to reflect autonomously and critically on the structural organization (macroscopic and microscopic) and on the function of the systems of the human body;
• The ability to understand the relationship between morphology and function of organs, even intuiting the pathophysiological potential of the structures under examination.
- Communicating knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, the student should be able of:
• Exposing in a thorough, precise and comprehensive manner the anatomo-physiological knowledge acquired through appropriate use of the specific language of the disciplines.
- Capacities to continue learning
Upon completion of the course, the student should:
• Demonstrate the ability to reach conclusions independently, providing examples and making parallels based on what has been learned from the syllabus;
• Acquire a method of study that allows the ability to independently update on the contents of human histology, anatomy and physiology, also using supplementary sources not necessarily provided by the teacher.

Basic knowledge of physics, chemistry and biology.

Module:
Physiology as an integrated science: Internal environment, water balance.
Homeostasis: Examples of negative and positive feedbacks; thermoregulation.
Integration, Regulation, Control: Introduction to Sensory, Motor and Autonomic Nervous System.
Neuromuscular junction. Membrane action and resting potentials. Skeletal Muscle and Motor Unit. Strength generators. Spatial and time recruitment. Isometric and isotonic contraction.
The Cardiovascular System: Overview
 Circulation goal and cardiovascular system's plan: Fick's Principle and the relationship between oxygen consumption and cardiac output
 Origin and Propagation of cardiac excitation
 Excitation-contraction coupling
 The heart mechanics
 Cardiac cycle
 Intrinsic heart control: the Frank-Starling law
 Extrinsic heart control: Autonomic Nervous System
 Circulation: the role of blood vessels
 Integrated control of cardiac output
The Respiratory System: Overview.
 The pulmonary mechanics
 Gas (oxygen and carbon dioxide) transportation - Gas Laws- Gas Exchange
 The control of respiration
Integration, Regulation, Control: Introduction to the Endocrine System.
 The female Reproductive System.
 The male Reproductive System.

The Digestive System: Overview
The Urinary System: Overview




Module:
Systematic Anatomy
1) General anatomical features of the human body: Terminology, systems, organs.
2) Osteology, Syndesmology and Myology: Gross anatomy of skeleton, joints and muscles.
3) Angiology: Gross and microscopic anatomy of the vascular system, comprising the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lymph glands and hemopoietic organs.
4) Splanchnology: Gross and microscopic anatomy of the visceral system, including the digestive apparatus, the respiratory apparatus, the urinary apparatus, the female and male reproductive apparatuses and the endocrine glands.
5) Neuroanatomy: Functional anatomy of the nervous system, including notes on the gross and microscopic anatomy of the sensory organs.
6) Notes on the anatomical structure of the skin and its appendages.

Essential Concepts on Topographical (Regional) Anatomy



Module:
Cell Aggregation and Tissue Organization. Cell differentiation. Concepts of tissue, organ, and organ system. Tissue renewal: stem cells and the kinetics of cell populations.

Methods for the Study of Cells and Tissues. Tissue fixation, embedding, and staining techniques. Types of microscopes and their applications. Principles of histochemistry and immunocytochemistry: from supracellular structures to molecular components.

Epithelial Tissues. General characteristics: cell polarity, cytoskeleton, and membrane specializations. Covering epithelia: histological organization, classification, and histogenesis. Glandular epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands: mechanisms of cellular secretion; histological organization, classification, and histogenesis.

Connective Tissues. Classification of connective tissues: general and specific characteristics of the different connective tissue types. Connective tissue proper. Histogenesis and mesenchyme. Histological organization: cells, extracellular matrix, and fibers. Functions of connective tissue. Specialized connective tissues: reticular, adipose, elastic, and mucous connective tissues. The mononuclear phagocyte system, endocytosis, and lysosomes. Blood. Overview of blood plasma composition. Morphology and functions of the formed elements of blood. Myeloid and lymphoid tissues. Hematopoiesis and erythrocyte turnover. Supporting connective tissues. Cartilage: histogenesis, histological organization, and functions of the different types of cartilage. Perichondrium. Mechanisms of cartilage nutrition and growth. Bone tissue: histological organization of compact and spongy bone. Periosteum. Types of ossification. Mechanisms of bone growth and remodeling. Functions of bone tissue.

Muscle Tissues. Histogenesis, histological organization, and functions of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

Nervous Tissue. Histogenesis and general organization. Types of neurons and their morphology. General structure of neurons and nerve fibers. Synapses. Peripheral nerve endings. Neuroglial cells.

Module:
The Student can choose one of the following:

Stanfield, “Fisiologia”, Quarta edizione. EdiSES.
Sherwood, “Fondamenti di Fisiologia Umana”, Quarta edizione. PICCIN
Zocchi, “Principi di Fisiologia”. EdiSES.

The student also has a digital document available for each of the lectures with all the slides presented.



Module:
Anatomia per le Lauree Triennali e Magistrali, Macchiarelli et al., III Edizione (Sorbona, Casa Editrice Idelson-Gnocchi, 2023)

Anatomia, Seeley, Amenta et al. (Sorbona, Casa Editrice Idelson-Gnocchi)


Module:
AA. VV, Elementi di Istologia e cenni di Embriologia, Piccin;
L.P. Gartner e J.L. Hiatt, Atlante a colori e Testo di Istologia, Piccin;
A.L. Mescher, Junqueira Istologia, Testo e Atlante, Piccin;

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D

Face-to-face lectures with the use of PPT slides. Teacher-student interaction is welcomed. Videodissections could also be used.

The attendance is compulsory.
Attendance recording: paper-based

The evaluation of the course includes an oral exam.
The following elements will be taken into consideration: the ability to reason and self-study and specific preparation (70%); attendance and active involvement (30%). There will be the possibility to perform a written intermediate (ongoing) test on a part of the program. The intermediate test will be scheduled soon after one-half of the course.

The final evaluation will be elaborated and expressed in thirtieths.

Description of a tissue; description of the morphology and function of a system and/or of a specific organ inside a system.

Module:
N/D
Module:

• 08-10-26 Introductory remarks; Female genital system
  • Books: na


• 15-10-26 Musculoskeletal system: bones 


• 22-10-26 Musculoskeletal system: joints and muscles; pelvis and perineum


• 29-10-26 Cardiovascular system 1


• 05-11-26 Cardiovascular system 2; fetal circulation


• 12-11-26 Digestive system


• 19-11-26 Respiratory system; Urinary system; breast


• 26-11-26 Male genital system; Endocrine system


• 03-12-26 Nervous system


• 10-12-26 Ongoing exam