Physiotherapy

Activity type

Scienze interdisciplinari

SSD

FIS/07

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

CLAUDIA GILIBERTI
CLAUDIA GILIBERTI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/10

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ALESSANDRA BONAMORE

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/13

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

CARLOTTA ZAMPARELLI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/03

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

CARLOTTA ZAMPARELLI

Acquisition of the principles of elementary physics and related applications in the healthcare sector. Knowledge of the biochemical bases and mechanisms of regulation of pathophysiological processes, with particular regard to the Central Nervous System. Structure and function of the cell. Specificity of eukaryotic cell structures, bacteria and viruses. Basic notions on current biological topics that are of particular scientific interest. Genetic information in the cell, cell duplication and models of genetic transmission

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N/D
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At the end of the course, the student will need to know the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids and their metabolism; the enzymes and their role in metabolism and diagnostics; the structure and function of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and collagen


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N/D
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N/D

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N/D
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The student must have acquired the concepts related to general chemistry


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Scholastic notions of scientific subjects


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Scholastic notions of scientific subjects

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PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND OPERATIONS WITH VECTORS
The concept of physical quantity and its measurement, units of measurement; direct and indirect
measurement; the experimental method; base and derived quantities; orders of magnitude;
multiples and submultiples; conversion of units; dimensional formula; errors in measurement,
random and systematic errors; instrument parameters: sensitivity, accuracy, promptness; scalars
and vectors; basic operations with vectors: adding vectors, subtracting vectors, multiplication by
scalars; scalar product.
MECHANICAL
Kinematics: the linear motion; average and instantaneous velocity; the uniformly accelerated
linear motion; the displacement, velocity and acceleration as vectors; tangential and radial
acceleration; uniform circular motion.
Dynamics: force as a vector quantity; Newton’s first, second and third law of motion; mass and
weight; friction, centripetal force and elastic force.
Statics: rigid body, centre of mass; equilibrium of rigid bodies; moment of a force; the levers.
WORK AND ENERGY
Work, energy and power; kinetic energy; conservative and non conservative forces; potential
energy: gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy; principle of conservation of
mechanical energy.
FLUID MECHANICS
Statics: fluids; pressure; density; the hydrostatic pressure; Pascal’s principle; Stevin's law;
atmospheric pressure.
Dynamics: ideal fluids and steady-state condition; flow rate, continuity equation and biological
applications; Bernoulli’s equation and applications; real fluids; laminar and turbulent flow;
viscosity and Poiseuille’s law; surface tension and capillarity; blood hydrodynamics.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Electric charge and Coulomb's law; electric field and voltage; equipotential surfaces; behavior of
conductors in the electrostatic field; electric current; resistance and Ohm's law; thermal effect of
current and electric power. Magnetic properties of matter; magnetic poles; magnetic field; the
geomagnetic field; forces between magnets and currents; forces between currents; the intensity
of the magnetic field.
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Propagation of the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic waves; the electromagnetic
spectrum.
WAVES
Definition, classification and types of waves; wave front; impulsive, periodic, harmonic waves; the
characteristic quantities of a wave: amplitude, period, wavelength, frequency; wave propagation.
OPTICS
The light and electromagnetic waves; geometrical and physical optics; absorption, reflection,
refraction; scattering of light in prism; diffraction; optical systems: the mirrors, converging and
diverging lenses.
Applications: optical microscope; physical of sight.
ACOUSTICS
The sound: emission, propagation and reception of sound; sound pressure; speed of sound;
spectral analysis of sound; pitch, timbre and loudness of sound; power and intensity of an acoustic
source; audible frequencies; absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference of sound
waves; Doppler effect; the decibel (dB) scale; physics of hearing.
THERMODYNAMICS
Temperature, thermal equilibrium; temperature scales; absolute temperature; thermometers;
internal energy; Joule's experiment; transfer of heat: conduction, convection and radiation;
thermal conductors and insulators; specific heat and heat capacity; changes of state; latent heats;
Boyle’s law and Gay-Lussac’s laws; ideal gas law; kinetic theory of gases; laws of thermodynamics.


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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS. Water properties. Chemical bonds, functional groups and organic molecules of biochemical interest.
PROTEINS - Amino acids: classification, isomerism, zwitterions, essential aminoacids, peptide bond. Proteins: functions, primary structure, secondary structures (alpha helix, beta sheet, collagen), tertiary structure, denaturation and denaturing agents, quaternary structure.
Myoglobin and Hemoglobin: transport and storage of oxygen, protein and heme structure, functional aspects, oxygen dissociation curve, allosteric hemoglobin properties, carbon monoxide action. Heme catabolism and bilirubin formation.
Enzymes: classification by reaction and mechanism of catalysis, prosthetic groups, cofactors and conzymes, catalysis, transition state, activation energy, enzyme kinetics, competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Plasma proteins and enzymes of clinical interest. Protein turnover and aminoacid catabolism. Transamination and deamination of amino acids. Urea cycle.
CARBOHYDRATES – General information, classification, main monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Glucose: metabolism and regulation, glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose-phosphate pathway, glycogen and glycogen metabolism. Blood glucose regulation: insulin and glucagon.
LIPIDS - General information, classification, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids. Fatty acid metabolism (beta-oxidation), plasma lipids of clinical interest. Lipoproteins: constitution and metabolism.
INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM AND ENERGY EXCHANGES - Basic concepts, via anabolic and catabolic, general scheme of metabolic pathways. strategies for regulating the metabolic pathways.
HORMONES - General information, classification, hormone receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.



Module:
The cell
Procariotic cells. Structural and functional organization of eucariotic cells. Cellular chemical components ( mono and polysaccharides, lipids, proteins). Cellular membrane structure and transport. Intracellular organells: endoplasmic reticulum, apparatus del Golgi, lysosomes,peroxisomes, nucleus and chromosomes.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides. Structure and function of RNA (mRNA, rRNA,snRNA and tRNA) and of DNA
Replication
Bidirectional, semiconservative and semidiscontinous replication.
Main enzymes of the replication in vivo: DNA polymerase, DNA topoisomerase, DNA elicase, Primase, DNA ligase
The PCR and its applications
Transcription of DNA
Promoters.RNA polymerase. Eucariotic transcriptional factors
Protein synthesis
mRNA maturation in the nucleus (Splicing of mRNA). Genetic code. Ribosomes. Mechanism of synthesis of proteins on ribosomes.
Mechanisms of gene expression control
Transcritional regulation (repressors, activators, eucariotic transcriptional factors). Examples of post-transcriptional controls (alternative splicing)
Cellular communication
Superficial and intracellular receptors. Transduction signal pathway: AMPc and IP3.Tyrosine chinase receptor. Molecular mechanism of action of: glucagone, insulin and adrenalin. Steroid hormones receptors
PROGRAMMA OF GENETIC
Cellular division
The cellular cycle and its regulation. Mitosis
Sexual reproduction and genetic bases of inheritance
Meiosis. Mendel experiments and laws. Dominant and recessive characters. Homozygosity and heterozygosity. Characters related to sex. Genic recombination.




Module:
The cell
Procariotic cells. Structural and functional organization of eucariotic cells. Cellular chemical components ( mono and polysaccharides, lipids, proteins). Cellular membrane structure and transport. Intracellular organells: endoplasmic reticulum, apparatus del Golgi, lysosomes,peroxisomes, nucleus and chromosomes.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides. Structure and function of RNA (mRNA, rRNA,snRNA and tRNA) and of DNA
Replication
Bidirectional, semiconservative and semidiscontinous replication.
Main enzymes of the replication in vivo: DNA polymerase, DNA topoisomerase, DNA elicase, Primase, DNA ligase
The PCR and its applications
Transcription of DNA
Promoters.RNA polymerase. Eucariotic transcriptional factors
Protein synthesis
mRNA maturation in the nucleus (Splicing of mRNA). Genetic code. Ribosomes. Mechanism of synthesis of proteins on ribosomes.
Mechanisms of gene expression control
Transcritional regulation (repressors, activators, eucariotic transcriptional factors). Examples of post-transcriptional controls (alternative splicing)
Cellular communication
Superficial and intracellular receptors. Transduction signal pathway: AMPc and IP3.Tyrosine chinase receptor. Molecular mechanism of action of: glucagone, insulin and adrenalin. Steroid hormones receptors
PROGRAMMA OF GENETIC
Cellular division
The cellular cycle and its regulation. Mitosis
Sexual reproduction and genetic bases of inheritance
Meiosis. Mendel experiments and laws. Dominant and recessive characters. Homozygosity and heterozygosity. Characters related to sex. Genic recombination.

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D. Scannicchio E. Giroletti Elements of biomedical physics Ed. Edises
P. Davidovits Physics for health professions Ed. Utet


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M. Stefani – Biochimica con elementi di Biologia Molecolare e Scienze dell’Alimentazione - Zanichelli
D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox - Introduzione alla Biochimica di Lehninger” (terza edizione) - Zanichelli



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Hills et al “Elementi di Biologia e genetica” Zanichelli
Stefani, Taddei “Chimica, Biochimica e biologia applicata” Zanichelli
Albert et al “L’essenziale di Biologia molecolare della cellula” Zanichelli


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Hills et al “Elementi di Biologia e genetica” Zanichelli
Stefani, Taddei “Chimica, Biochimica e biologia applicata” Zanichelli
Albert et al “L’essenziale di Biologia molecolare della cellula” Zanichelli

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Further bibliographic material will be provided by the teacher during the course and will be shared with students via Google classroom


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N/D

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Formal lessons. At the end of each lesson, students will be provided with a self-assessment test


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Lessons will be held during the first semester of the Iyear of the course (starting first week of november)in traditional mode.


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Lessons will be held during the first semester of the Iyear of the course (starting first week of november)in traditional mode.

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mandatory


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frequency of lesson is compulsory


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frequency of lessons is compulsory

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The overall assessment of learning will be based on an oral exam. The oral exam will assess: 1) knowledge of the structure and function of biological macromolecules; 2) knowledge of the metabolic pathways dealt with during the course; 2) role of specific hormones in the global control of metabolism; 3) ability to write chemical structures of the main biological molecules for which students have received a detailed list.



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Final oral exam will consist in an interview concerning arguments explained during the lessons. th level of in-depth study required is that shown in class


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Final oral exam will consist in an interview concerning arguments explained during the lessons. th level of in-depth study required is that shown in class

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N/D
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Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates
Structure and metabolism of lipids
Structure and function of proteins
Amino acid metabolism


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N/D
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N/D

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