Dental Hygiene

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

M-DEA/01

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

Rocco Iacovella

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

M-PSI/01

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANNAMARIA LIBERATORE

Activity type

Attività formative affini o integrative

SSD

MED/45

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

LORELLA D'ALIESIO

Activity type

Scienze umane e psicopedagogiche

SSD

MED/02

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

Rocco Iacovella

At the end of the course the student must know the fields of application of the general psychology in the organizational-management field; the ethical and deontological aspects of the profession; the foundations of the history of medicine; the epistemological status of the medicine and evolution of the concept of illness; the evolution of health and illness ideas.
At the end of the course the student must apply the acquired knowledge in order to put in place health information techniques and methodologies; evaluate the understanding of patient health information.

Knowledge and Understanding
Integration of knowledge and skills from dental, biomedical, psychological, sociocultural, and humanistic sciences to recognize patient care needs across different age groups, from infancy to old age, in acute and chronic inpatient care facilities, and in various social contexts. This enables the provision of appropriate, efficient, and effective care, based on scientific evidence and in accordance with psycho-pedagogical, sociological, and healthcare ethics principles.
Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding
- Know how to establish a proper dental hygienist-patient relationship, incorporating current techniques of behavior analysis, communication, and healthcare information pedagogy;
- Provide preventive and therapeutic interventions, also taking into account cultural and multi-ethnic aspects.
Independent Judgment
- Conduct clinical practice respecting the dignity, culture, values, and rights of individuals, recognizing similarities and differences among patients of different age groups, and considering the values, ethnicities, and sociocultural practices of patients and their families;
- Analyze health service policies and practices and identify appropriate actions that take into account legal, political, geographic, economic, ethical, and social influences;
- Use critical thinking skills to provide effective services to patients of different age groups;
- Assume accountability for one's actions during professional practice in accordance with the professional profile, code of ethics, bioethical criteria, and applicable legislation.
Communication Skills
- Demonstrate appropriate and effective communication skills when interacting with patients of various age groups, including, in the case of children and adolescents, their families within the care process and/or with other healthcare professionals;
- Use teaching and learning principles for specific informational or educational interventions aimed at patients of various age groups, families, and groups, with the aim of promoting healthy behaviors, reducing risk factors, and promoting self-care skills, particularly for those with chronic diseases;
- Support and encourage patients in making health-related choices, strengthening coping skills, self-esteem, and leveraging available resources;
- Establish professional relationships and collaborate with the interdisciplinary care team, while recognizing the specificities of the various professional roles, to agree on operational methods and implement and develop protocols and guidelines;
Learning Ability
- Demonstrate the ability to continuously seek out opportunities for self-learning;
- Demonstrate the ability to self-assess one's skills and identify one's development and learning needs;
- Demonstrate the ability to learn collaboratively and share knowledge within work teams;
- Demonstrate the ability and autonomy to find the information needed to resolve problems or uncertainties in professional practice, critically selecting secondary and primary sources of evidence.

Knowledge of the concepts of health and illness, of communication and therapeutic alliance systems, of the operational mechanisms of the care process and of the general principles of ethics

Program Dr. D'Aliesio – Nursing Sciences
• Overview of Communication
• Dimensions of Communication
• Communication Models
• Healthcare Communication
• Essential Elements of Communication
• Therapeutic Communication Techniques
• Effective Communication Techniques
• Ineffective Techniques
• Listening and the Helping Relationship: Pillars of Healthcare
• The Helping Relationship in Healthcare
• Types of Listening
• Fundamental Attitudes for Active Listening
• Healthcare Provider-Patient Interaction in the Helping Relationship
• Risks of Not Listening in the Patient Relationship
• Empathy in the Healthcare World
• Implications of the Concept of Empathy in Clinical Practice
• Counseling
Program Dr. Iacovella – Bioethics
Fundamental Bioethics (10 hours). Faced with the challenges of biomedicine, on the one hand, and social and cultural changes, on the other, particularly rapid in a liquid and postmodern society, the course aims to introduce students to bioethical reflection, starting with the anthropological and ethical-philosophical foundations that underlie the different approaches to the discipline. In particular, the course will explore the epistemological justification and definition of bioethics, the historical origins of the discipline, with particular attention to the historical transitions that led from medical ethics to bioethics, the foundations of moral action, the difference between ethics, bioethics, and deontology, ethical-philosophical orientations in bioethics, the biolegal and biopolitical implications of bioethical issues in contemporary legal systems, and the relationship between bioethics and human rights.
Program: Dr. Iacovella – History of Medicine
Through the analysis of the relationships between Patient, Doctor, and Illness throughout history, the course will explore the evolution of healthcare and care, including its main achievements and innovations (15 hours). General and contextual concepts related to Narrative Medicine (5 hours).
Psychology Program
Definition and brief history of psychology
Behavior and motivation
Function and structure of the unconscious and consciousness
Psychoaffective development
Defense mechanisms
Psychological typology
Attachment theory, reflective and containing functions, and emotional regulation
Neurobiology of emotions
Psychosomatic disorders, emotional dysregulation, and alexithymia
Psychodynamic aspects of the relationship with the patient

Dr. D'Aliesio – Nursing Sciences
Antonello Bellomo. Medical Psychology and Relationship Skills. Minerva Medica Editions. Turin 2004
Imparato C. Your Voice Can Change Your Life. Sperling Publishers; 2009
Carnegie D. & Marazza M. How to Influence Others and Win Them Friends. Bompiani; 2018
Hill N. & Ballarini D. Think and Grow Rich. Gribaudi; 2012
Carnegie D. & Marinelli M. The Five Essential Qualities for Building Relationships with Others, Succeeding, and Being Happy. Bompiani; 2012
Dr. De Santis - Psychology
Handout prepared by the instructor. One book chosen from: a) H. Stroebl, Psychoanalysis of Toothache, Boringhieri Publishers b) M. Caffin, What Your Teeth Tell You About You, Amrita Publishers c) E. Borgna, The Archipelago of Emotions, Feltrinelli Publishers d) V. Lingiardi, The Navel of the Dream, Einaudi Publishers
Dr. Iacovella - History of Medicine
D. LIPPI, F. PIERLEONI, History of Medicine for the Undergraduate Degree in Dental Hygiene, Clueb, Bologna 2011. D. LIPPI (eds.), Paper Mirrors. Reading Paths in Narrative Medicine, Clueb, Bologna 2010.
Dr. Iacovella - Bioethics
R. LISI, Bioetica parva. The Philosophical Sense of Practicing Medicine, ETS, Pisa 2017.

Module: Bioethics
N/D
Module: GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
N/D
Module: NURSING SCIENCES
N/D
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
N/D

Theoretical lectures and practical exercises, supported by PowerPoint presentations, videos, and other teaching materials. Attendance will be certified by signature sheets.

Students cannot be admitted to the exam if their overall attendance for the Integrated Course is less than 67%.

The oral exam is based on questions and exercises designed to assess the student's understanding of the topics covered in class. These exercises specifically test:
- clinical reasoning skills
- connections between the content of the various modules
- appropriateness of scientific language
- presentation skills
The final grade is determined by the examining committee based on an arithmetic mean obtained from the evaluations of the individual modules and ranges from a minimum of 18 to a maximum of 30 and 30 cum laude.

Sample Nursing Questions
1. What is meant by a helping relationship?
2. Who is a counselor?
3. What is meant by nonverbal communication?
Sampling Bioethics Questions
1. Definition of Bioethics
2. The difference between ethics, bioethics, and deontology
Sampling Psychology Questions
1. Definition and brief history of psychology
2. Psychodynamic aspects of the relationship with the patient
Sampling History of Medicine Questions
1. General and contextual concepts in Narrative Medicine
2. Analysis of the relationships between patient, doctor, and disease in various historical periods

• For lesson scheduling, please refer to the lesson calendar.