Environment and Workplace Prevention Techniques

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/10

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ALBERTO MACONE

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/12

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ALBERTO MACONE

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/13

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

BRUNO ARCA'

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/07

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

GIUSEPPE OLIVETO
SIMONA GABRIELLI

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
The APPLIED BIOLOGY course unit aims to provide students with basic knowledge of cellular biology, of structure and function of nucleic acids and of the processes of replication, transcription and translation. It is expected that the acquisition of this knowledge will allow the student a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functioning of cells and flow of genetic information, also providing skills on some molecular methods of relevance for a technician involved in prevention.


Module:
N/D

Module:
General chemistry and preparatory biochemistry knowledge


Module:
General chemistry and preparatory biochemistry knowledge


Module:
For an adequate learning it is recommended that at the beginning of Applied Biology module the student possesses some knowledge of basic Biology.




Module:
N/D

Module:
THE MOLECULAR DESIGN OF LIFE
Chemical properties of water. Chemical bonds, functional groups and key organic molecules in biochemistry

PROTEINS - Amino acids: classification, isomerism, zwitterions, standard
and non-standard aminoacids, peptide bond formation. Proteins:
Functions, primary structure, secondary structure (alpha helix and beta
sheet, collagen), tertiary structure, denaturation and denaturing
agents, quaternary structure.
Myoglobin and hemoglobin: transport and storage of oxygen, heme and
protein structure, functional aspects, oxygen dissociation curves for
myoglobin and hemoglobin, allosteric properties of hemoglobins, action
of carbon monoxide. Heme catabolism and bilirubin formation. Biomedical
importance and implications.
Enzymes: classification by reaction type and mechanism, prosthetic
groups, cofactors and coenzymes, catalysis, transition state, activation
energy, the kinetics of enzymatic catalysis, Competetive and
noncompetetive inhibition. Plasma proteins and enzymes of clinical
interest.
Protein turnover and amino acid catabolism .

CARBOHYDRATES - classification, monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Glucose: metabolism and regulation: glycolysis and the oxidation of
pyruvate,,the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose
phosphate pathway, glycogen and glycogen metabolism. Regulation of
blood glucose: insulin and glucagon

LIPIDS - classification, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids,
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids. Fatty acids metabolism, plasma
lipids of clinical interest. Lipoprotein: formation and metabolism.

OVERVIEW OF METABOLISM
Basic concepts and design: anabolism and catabolism. Pathways that
process the major products of digestion, the flux of metabolites in
metabolic pathways. Regulation strategies.

VITAMINES - classification and biomedical importance. Lipid-soluble
vitamins (A, E, D, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B group, C).

HORMONES - classification, hormone receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.


Module:
THE MOLECULAR DESIGN OF LIFE
Chemical properties of water. Chemical bonds, functional groups and key organic molecules in biochemistry

PROTEINS - Amino acids: classification, isomerism, zwitterions, standard
and non-standard aminoacids, peptide bond formation. Proteins:
Functions, primary structure, secondary structure (alpha helix and beta
sheet, collagen), tertiary structure, denaturation and denaturing
agents, quaternary structure.
Myoglobin and hemoglobin: transport and storage of oxygen, heme and
protein structure, functional aspects, oxygen dissociation curves for
myoglobin and hemoglobin, allosteric properties of hemoglobins, action
of carbon monoxide. Heme catabolism and bilirubin formation. Biomedical
importance and implications.
Enzymes: classification by reaction type and mechanism, prosthetic
groups, cofactors and coenzymes, catalysis, transition state, activation
energy, the kinetics of enzymatic catalysis, Competetive and
noncompetetive inhibition. Plasma proteins and enzymes of clinical
interest.
Protein turnover and amino acid catabolism .

CARBOHYDRATES - classification, monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Glucose: metabolism and regulation: glycolysis and the oxidation of
pyruvate,,the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose
phosphate pathway, glycogen and glycogen metabolism. Regulation of
blood glucose: insulin and glucagon

LIPIDS - classification, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids,
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids. Fatty acids metabolism, plasma
lipids of clinical interest. Lipoprotein: formation and metabolism.

OVERVIEW OF METABOLISM
Basic concepts and design: anabolism and catabolism. Pathways that
process the major products of digestion, the flux of metabolites in
metabolic pathways. Regulation strategies.

VITAMINES - classification and biomedical importance. Lipid-soluble
vitamins (A, E, D, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B group, C).

HORMONES - classification, hormone receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.


Module:
The Applied Biology course aims to provide students with basic knowledge of Cellular Biology and to examine aspects related to the structure, organization, and functions of nucleic acids and their transcription and translation. Some basic methods for the analysis and amplification of nucleic acids by the Polymerase Chain Reaction are discussed. Detailed program of the course follows.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF CELL BIOLOGY. The cell theory. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Nucleus. Plasma membrane and endomembranous system (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes). Mitochondria and chloroplasts. Cell division. [3 hours]

STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. Chemical constituents of nucleic acids: purine and pyrimidine bases, ribose and deoxyribose. Nucleosides and nucleotides. DNA as genetic material (experiments by Griffith, Avery-McLeod-McCarty, Hershey & Chase). Chargaff rules. The double helix of Watson and Crick. Denaturation, renaturation and melting temperature (Tm) of a DNA. RNA: Differences from DNA. Various types of RNA and their biological role: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA. The small RNAs (snRNA, snoRNA). Organization of genetic material: chromatin, nucleosomes, histones and histone modifications. [4 hours]

DNA REPLICATION AND REPAIR. DNA replication: semiconservative (Meselson & Stahl experiment), bidirectional and semidiscontinuous. DNA polymerases. Replication in E. coli and eukaryotes. The telomere problem: telomerases. DNA damage. Repair systems: photo-repair and excision repair. [3 hours]

TRANSCRIPTION. General features, prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Transcriptional initiation: prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters. Elongation and transcriptional termination. The reverse transcriptase. Maturation of eukaryotic mRNAs: capping, polyadenylation, splicing. [4 hours]

GENETIC CODE AND TRANSLATION. The genetic code. Mutations and their effects: point mutations, insertions and deletions. The case of hemoglobin S. Expansion of triplets. Translation machinery: mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and aminoacyl-tRNA synthase. Translation: initiation, elongation and termination. [3 hours]

TECHNIQUES. Purification and analysis of nucleic acids (electrophoresis, spectrophotometry). Polymerase Chain Reaction: general characteristics and applications. Real Time PCR. DNA fingerprinting and its application. [3 hours]



Module:
N/D

Module:
Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area biomedica, M. Samaja, R.Paroni- Piccin
Le basi della biochimica, D.R. Ferrier - Zanichelli
Conoscere la Biochimica, Terry Brown - Zanichelli
Chimica,Biochimica e Biologia Applicata, M. Stefani - Zanichelli
Appunti di biochimica per le lauree triennali- M.V. Catani - Piccin


Module:
Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area biomedica, M. Samaja, R.Paroni- Piccin
Le basi della biochimica, D.R. Ferrier - Zanichelli
Conoscere la Biochimica, Terry Brown - Zanichelli
Chimica,Biochimica e Biologia Applicata, M. Stefani - Zanichelli
Appunti di biochimica per le lauree triennali- M.V. Catani - Piccin


Module:
The course deals with basic topics and any university-level textbook of Biology or Molecular Biology covering the syllabus can be considered adequate. Therefore, the student is free to choose the manual which appears clearer and more responsive to his/her own needs. Having said so, here below are some textbooks that allow the student to realize the degree of in-depth study required and are suitable to prepare the exam:
- Sadava D, Hillis DM, Heller HC, Hacker S. ELEMENTI DI BIOLOGIA E GENETICA, quinta ediz., Zanichelli 2019.
- Raven PH, Johnson GB, Mason KA, Losos JB, Singer SR. Vol. 1 BIOLOGIA CELLULARE, Vol. 2 GENETICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, Piccin 2018
- Additional/supplementary material made available by the teacher either on the e-learning or Classroom platforms.



Module:
N/D

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D

Module:
the exam will focus on an oral interview on the topics listed in the program


Module:
the exam will focus on an oral interview on the topics listed in the program


Module:
The Applied Biology course consists in classroom lectures. The different topics covered during the course can be easily found on the recommended textbooks. Auxiliary teaching material may be made available to students on the e-learning website and/or by Classroom. The teacher remains available for clarification on specific topics upon appointment.


Module:
N/D

Module:
mandatory


Module:
mandatory


Module:
Lesson attendance is mandatory, at least for 67% of the lectures, and both facilitates the learning process and outlines the knowledge level required at the exam.


Module:
N/D

Module:
The exam includes a single oral test relating to the 3 teaching modules of the integrated course. It has the objective of ascertaining: a) the degree of knowledge and understanding; b) the ability to apply the acquired skills; c) the quality of the presentation (clarity, coherence, scientific rigor, completeness, synthesis capacity).
it will last about 45 min and includes a variable number of questions relating to the topics of the integrated course.



Module:
The exam includes a single oral test relating to the 3 teaching modules of the integrated course. It has the objective of ascertaining: a) the degree of knowledge and understanding; b) the ability to apply the acquired skills; c) the quality of the presentation (clarity, coherence, scientific rigor, completeness, synthesis capacity).
it will last about 45 min and includes a variable number of questions relating to the topics of the integrated course.



Module:
Evaluation takes please through a verbal discussion typically consisting of 2-3 questions aimed at assessing the knowledge acquired by the student on the various topics covered during the course. To pass the Applied Biology module, student must show to have acquired a basic knowledge of Cell Biology, of structure and functions of nucleic acids and of transcription and translation. To achieve the highest marks, the student must demonstrate excellent command of the various topics covered during the course and the ability to connect them in a logical and coherent way.


Module:
N/D

Module:
structure, function, and metabolism of carbohydrates
structure, function, and metabolism of lipids
structure, function, and metabolism of proteins
signal transduction


Module:
structure, function, and metabolism of carbohydrates
structure, function, and metabolism of lipids
structure, function, and metabolism of proteins
signal transduction


Module:
Structure and function of cellular membrane
Composition and structure of nucleic acids
The genetic code
Transcription
Translation and components involved
PCR and Real Time PCR
DNA replication



Module:
N/D

Module:

• secondo semestre, una lezione settimanale
  • Books: Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area biomedica, M. Samaja, R.Paroni- PiccinLe basi della biochimica, D.R. Ferrier - Zanichelli Conoscere la Biochimica, Terry Brown - ZanichelliChimica,Biochimica e Biologia Applicata, M. Stefani - ZanichelliAppunti di biochimica per le lauree triennali- M.V. Catani - Piccin

• secondo semestre, una lezione settimanale
  • Books: Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area biomedica, M. Samaja, R.Paroni- PiccinLe basi della biochimica, D.R. Ferrier - Zanichelli Conoscere la Biochimica, Terry Brown - ZanichelliChimica,Biochimica e Biologia Applicata, M. Stefani - ZanichelliAppunti di biochimica per le lauree triennali- M.V. Catani - Piccin