Psychiatric Rehabilitation Technique

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/04

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

16 classroom hours

Lecturers

SALVATORE RAFFA

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/12

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

8 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANNA REALE

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/05

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

16 classroom hours

Lecturers

Maria Antonietta Isgro'

Module:
N/D
Module:
The student must know the metabolic pathways associated with various organs and tissues and how these pathways are activated or inhibited based on nutritional status.
The student must know the metabolic alterations associated with the main diseases and define biomarkers of metabolic functions.
The student must know the general aspects of laboratory tests and, in particular, the use of some biochemical markers as indicators of ongoing pathological processes.



Module:
N/D

Module:
-At the beginning of the didactic activity the student must know the basics of genetics, biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology.


Module:
For a fruitful study of the subject, and for an adequate understanding of the didactic materials are required notions of general and inorganic chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology.


Module:
N/D

Module:
Objectives:
To understand the essential aspects of a disease process, the causes (etiology) and the mechanisms of its development (pathogenesis).

Contents:
Introduction to pathology: etiology and pathogenesis.
Cell injury: overview of causes and mechanisms of cell injury; oxygen deprivation and depletion of ATP, oxidative stress. Irreversible cell injury and cell death: necrosis and apoptosis.
Environmental pathology:
Thermal injuries: thermal burns, hyperthermia, hypothermia. Electrical injuries. Injuries related to changes in atmospheric pressure: decompression disease, blast injury. Radiation injury: diseases of exposure to ionizing and ultraviolet radiation.
The reaction to injurious agents: general features of inflammation and sistemic effects of inflammation, the acute phase reponse and fever. Tissue renewal and repair: regeneration and healing, cutaneous wound healing and complications.
Oncology:
Definitions and nomenclature, grading and staging of tumors, biology of tumor cells.



Module:
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Laboratory tests; biological samples for analysis, laboratory test purposes.

METABOLIC PROFILES OF DIFFERENT ORGANS AND TISSUES
Metabolic profiles: brain, heart muscle, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, kidney
Tissue/organ interrelationships in response to different physiological (fed/fasting state; stress). Liver as fuel provider for other tissues. Interrelationships between liver and skeletal muscle: Cori cycle and Alanine-Glucose Cycle. Role of hormones in the interactions between tissues and organs.

DIABETES MELLITUS
Carbohydrate properties and metabolism. Hormone regulation of glucose metabolism: insulin and counter-regulatory hormones. Ketone bodies formation and physiological role.
Definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diagnostic criteria. Clinical presentation, history, pathogenesis and physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Laboratory tests in diagnosis and follow up of patients (monitoring the disease and therapy efficacy): fasting plasma glucose (FPG), self-monitoring of blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, C-peptide, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated plasma proteins (fructosamines).
Laboratory tests in acute complications: diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar non ketotic syndrome. Laboratory tests in chronic complications: lipid profile and microalbuminuria.

LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS
Lipids properties and metabolism: absorption, transport, storage and metabolism. Lipoproteins: classification, composition, synthesis and metabolism. Role of Apoproteins. Lipoprotein receptors.
Dyslipoproteinemias: definition and classification.
Laboratory tests in diagnosis and monitoring therapy: measurement of triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol; lipoprotein electrophoresis and ultracentrifuge. Expected values of lipids.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Atherosclerosis: plaque formation- role of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Non lipid risk factors associated with coronary artery disease (CAD).Patient's global risk and therapeutic goals of lowering LDL-cholesterol levels to prevent cardiovascular diseases.


Module:
Assessment of gastrointestinal function
Liver and biliary tract:
o Markers of cytolysis, cholestasis, protein synthesis, conjugation, other markers of liver damage
o Principal enzymatic determinations and their clinical use (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, ɣ-glutamyltransferase, pseudocholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase)
o Bile composition
o Jaundice classifications:
o Total and fractionated bilirubin: reflex test
o Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
o Alcoholic liver disease
o Liver fibrosis
o Cirrhosis
o Alcoholism and related biomarkers

Pancreas:
o Exocrine functions (lipase, pancreatic amylase)
o Endocrine functions (insulin, glucagon)
- Metagenomics and microbiome analysis
- Stool examination, fecal calprotectin, fecal occult blood test.

Plasma cell dyscrasias, principal serum proteins of clinical relevance.

Assessment of renal function:
- definition of kidney disease
- chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, acute contrast-induced nephropathy
- Laboratory diagnostics of renal diseases (biomarkers and recommendations).

Biomarkers of myocardial damage:
- release kinetics
- clinical relevance of troponin measurement: indications for use and clinical interpretation of results obtained with highly sensitive methods.

Complete blood count, interpretation of related parameters and anemias:
- blood count parameters: hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, erythrocyte indices and related distribution measures, leukocytes, platelets, platelet indices,and plateletcrit, reticulocytes
- differential leukocyte count
- microcytic anemias
- normocytic anemias
- macrocytic anemias.

Hemostasis principal Laboratory tests.

Cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics.

Module:
(in lingua inglese)
• Kumar, Fausto, Abbas & Aster Mitchell - Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th Edition, 2011



Module:
M. Ciaccio, "Elementi di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio", (EdiSES)


Module:
Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio M. Ciaccio, G. Lippi, EdiSES III/2020
ISBN: 9788836230228

Medicina di Laboratorio - Logica & Patologia Clinica I. Antonozzi, E. Gulletta PICCIN 2019
978-88-299-2973-3

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D

Module:
-The teaching is based on lectures and forum groups.


Module:
The lessons are held face-to-face


Module:
N/D

Module:
classroom lessons and working groups



Module:
mandatory attendance


Module:
N/D

Module:
-Ongoing tests and oral examination.


Module:
The written test consists in the administration of a questionnaire of 10 questions (multiple choice quizzes) related to the Clinical Biochemistry module.
The student who has passed the written exam can access the oral exam.


Module:
N/D

Module:
N/D
Module:
2) Apolipoprotein Apo B-100 is important because:
a. activates lipoprotein lipase
b. inhibits lipoprotein lipase
c. binds the LDL receptor
d. activates the LCAT activity
e. binds chylomicrons

3) Which of the following situations favors the accumulation of KETONE BODIES:
a. the insulin deficiency
b. excessive availability of glucose
c. a decreased secretion of adrenaline
d. an excess of ATP

4) Peptide C indirectly measures:
a. the presence of insulin antibodies
b. the amount of endogenous insulin
c. the amount of exogenous insulin
d. the amount of glucose in the blood
e. glycated hemoglobins



Module:
N/D

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:

• Valutazione della
  funzionalità gastrointestinale


• Discrasie
  plasmacellulari (cenni), diagnostica proteica (cenni)


• Valutazione della
  funzionalità renale


• Biomarcatori di danno
  miocardico


• Esame
  emocromocitometrico ed interpretazione dei relativi parametri in corso di patologia


• Principali esami di
  Laboratorio per lo studio dell’emostasi


• Diagnostica liquorale