Biomedical Laboratory techniques

Activity type

Scienze biomediche, Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/05, MED/05

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

30 classroom hours

Lecturers

STEFANIA VAGLIO
ANTONIO PAVAN

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/46

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

RITA MANCINI

Activity type

Scienze interdisciplinari cliniche

SSD

MED/15

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARIA ROSARIA RICCIARDI

Module:
N/D
Module:
The student will have to:
• acquire theoretical-practical knowledge on the main techniques applied to the immunohematology and transfusion medicine laboratory;
• learn and acquire knowledge relating to mandatory institutional accreditation for the purposes of operating an immunohematology and transfusion medicine laboratory;



Module:
N/D

Module:
N/D
Module:
knowledge of basic immunology (structure, functions and subclasses of immunoglobulins; Ag – Ab reaction)
knowledge of basic hematology and immunohematology (cellular composition of blood; blood groups).



Module:
To achieve a broader understanding of the course contents useful for achieving the learning objectives, it is essential that the student has acquired previous knowledge (basic notions) of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular and cell biology, immunology, laboratory medicine.

Module:
N/D
Module:
Organization of an immunohematology and transfusion medicine laboratory
 Activity description: blood collection, blood component production, biological validation, laboratory activities, blood component storage and transport, blood component delivery and assignment.
 Description of pre-transfusion tests and related execution methods
 Description of tasks of the TSLB in the immunohematology and transfusion medicine laboratory
 Description Institutional accreditation of a transfusion laboratory and the minimum structural, technological and organizational requirements.
 Outline of accreditation legislation.



Module:
Course description:
The subject of this teaching module is the diagnostic classification of the main hematological diseases.
As regards onco-hematological pathologies, the course aims to provide students with in-depth and updated knowledge regarding the molecular basis of tumor onset and progression and to demonstrate the possibility and importance of transferring scientific discoveries, which come from laboratory, in clinical/therapeutic applications.
With regard to learning outcomes, at the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. know the laboratory diagnostics of the main benign and malignant diseases of the blood and the blood and lymphatic system to adequately understand the analytical requirements;
2. identify and describe the alterations of the haematological parameters useful for diagnostic purposes;
3. interpret simple diagnostic reports in the light of knowledge on the diagnostic classification of haematological diseases;
4. evaluate the characteristics, advantages and limitations of the different methodologies available for carrying out diagnostic, prognostic and follow-up tests.

The duration of the course is 10 hours of lectures, divided as follows in the detailed program of the course.


Course program
General and preparatory aspects of blood diseases (2 hours)
Hemopoiesis.
The hematopoietic stem cell and hematopoietic progenitors.
Diagnostic tests in hematology: peripheral blood and bone marrow.
Anemias: general information and classification (2 hours)
Main pathologies of platelets and coagulation (1 hour)
Oncohematology (5 hours)
• Definition of neoplasm. General characteristics of the neoplastic cell.
Molecular basis of the tumors onset: genetic alterations in malignant transformation (somatic mutations, gene amplifications, deletions and translocations).
Alteration of cell proliferation and genes involved. Evasion of apoptosis. Self-sufficiency from growth signals: oncogenes. Insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals: tumor suppressor genes.
Unlimited replication potential: telomerase. Stromal microenvironment and carcinogenesis.
• Diagnostic pathway in oncohematology, from morphology to microarray
 Morphological examination
 Flow cytometry
 Cytogenetics and molecular genetics
 Molecular investigations
 Gene profiling
• Classification and classification of the main oncohematological diseases:
 Acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias
 Myelodysplastic syndromes
 Chronic myeloproliferative diseases
 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
 Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas,
 Monoclonal Gammopathies and Multiple Myeloma

Module:
N/D
Module:
Handouts provided by teachers.


Module:
Ematologia di Mandelli- Avvisati et al, second edition (2019) ISBN: 978-88-299-2307-6; Piccin.
Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, Aster: Robbins e Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie 8a ed. Vol. I, Cap. 7 - Malattie neoplastiche, ISBN:9788821431753. Editore: Edra – Masson

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
Recent bibliography indicated during the lessons.

Module:
N/D
Module:
There will be lectures associated with days dedicated to practical laboratory activities


Module:
The course will take place through face-to-face and interactive lessons with the student for a total duration of 20 hours.
Each meeting will develop one or more topics included in the program, with the aid of iconographic material collected in PowerPoint files.
The frontal lesson will be integrated with the use of videos by international experts, interventions by experts in specific areas of the program, use of tutorials on diagnostic or experimental techniques. In the final part of the course, a "flipped classroom" style activity could be proposed.

Module:
N/D
Module:
N/D
Module:
As reported in the didactic regulations, "attendance of frontal teaching activities (ADF) is obligatory and necessary for the student to take the relative exam".

Module:
N/D
Module:
The exam involves the administration of a multiple choice test of 15 or 16 questions with 4 answer options, only one of which is correct. For each correct question 2 points are awarded. On a voluntary basis, then, to allow the student to improve the grade assigned to the written test, there is the possibility of accessing an oral interview.


Module:
The final exam will be held orally with a mark expressed by the examining commission.
The criteria useful for the evaluation will be:
- knowledge and understanding of the topic;
- use of appropriate terminology and language;
- ability to analyze and synthesize.

To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate that he has acquired an excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course and that he can correctly and adopt specific integrated diagnostics pathways in hematology.

Module:
N/D
Module:
You will be asked, for example, which methods are used in immunohematology


Module:
The questions concern the classification of the various diagnostic paths and the role of the laboratory on the biological characterization useful for the prognostic stratification of patients.

Module:
N/D
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N/D
Module:
N/D