Imaging and Radiotherapy techniques

Activity type

Scienze interdisciplinari cliniche

SSD

MED/36

Year

2nd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

30 classroom hours

Lecturers

eustachio coia
RINALDO MARIANI

Activity type

Scienze medico-chirurgiche

SSD

MED/08

Year

2nd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

FRANCESCA GIANNO

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di radiologia medica per immagini e radioterapia

SSD

MED/50

Year

2nd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

SARA BARRECA

Knowledge of radiologic anatomy including neuroradiology and
use of diagnostic methods. Study techniques in radiology
conventional skeletal, respiratory, digestive appa-rate, maxillofacial and genito-urinary apparatus.

Main teaching objectives:
For each of the diseases listed below, the students will: Learn the macroscopic and microscopic features; Understand the physiopathology underlying the clinical and morphologic features of the diseases.

Applied medical technical sciences
Describe the normal radiological anatomy of the major organs and organ systems, including neuroradiology.
Recognize the main anatomical structures on images obtained with different diagnostic imaging modalities.
Understand the principles, indications, and appropriate use of the main diagnostic imaging techniques.
Identify the standard imaging protocols and examination techniques used in conventional radiology of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, maxillofacial, and genitourinary systems.
Correlate normal anatomy with radiological findings and recognize the main anatomical variants.
Understand the role of the radiographer in image acquisition and quality optimization while applying the principles of radiation protection.

The student should possess a fundamental knowledge of the anatomy, histology, and pathophysiology of the organs and organ systems covered in the Pathology course.

Applied medical technical sciences
Students are expected to have a basic knowledge of human anatomy, histology, physiology, general pathology, and anatomical and medical terminology. A basic understanding of the principles of physics applied to biomedical technologies is recommended.

Module: DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI E RADIOTERAPIA
General and Background Concepts (15 hrs.): physical principles and main applications of ultrasound examinations without and with contrast, CT examinations without and with contrast, and MRI examinations without and with contrast; radiological anatomy related to major diseases with related applications of diagnostic techniques.


Module: SCIENZE TECNICHE MEDICHE APPLICATE
• Definition of Pathological Anatomy, Biopsy Materials, and Basic Techniques
Introduction to the role of pathology in medicine, types of biological specimens (biopsies, surgical samples, cytological materials), and basic laboratory methods for tissue processing and microscopic examination.
• Inflammation
Study of acute and chronic inflammatory processes, their cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the main morphological patterns of tissue response to injury.
• Disorders of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation
Overview of hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia, with emphasis on their pathological significance and progression toward neoplastic transformation.
• Neoplasms and TNM Classification
Principles of tumor biology, histological classification of benign and malignant neoplasms, and introduction to the TNM staging system for cancer evaluation.
• Cardiovascular Pathology
Major pathological conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and inflammatory or degenerative disorders.
• Thyroid Pathology
Overview of thyroid disorders such as goiter, thyroiditis, and neoplasms, with discussion of morphological and clinical correlations.
• Pulmonary Pathology
Study of the main diseases of the respiratory system, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and interstitial lung diseases.
• Gastrointestinal Pathology
Examination of major pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcers, tumors, and precancerous lesions.
• Breast Pathology
Overview of benign and malignant breast lesions, including fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, and breast carcinoma, with attention to diagnostic criteria.
• Skin Pathology
Description of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic skin diseases, including dermatitis, melanocytic lesions, and skin cancers.
• Gynecological Pathology
Study of the main diseases of the female reproductive system, including inflammatory disorders, hyperplasias, precancerous lesions, and gynecological neoplasms.



Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
Plan
• Radiography - fluoroscopy.
• Projection: meanings, errors and corrections, pitfalls of two-three-dimensionality, radiological projections.
• Radiological image: from geometry to quality controls - principles and tools.
• Anatomical spatial reference planes.
• Patient positions. General functional anatomy nomenclatures and suggestions for technical operation and anamnestic description.
• Skull: landmarks, planes, overall projections and traditional, advanced and alternative technical parts.
• Spine: landmarks, projections including functional, traditional and alternative.
• Pelvis: landmarks, projections, including particular ones.
• Joints: landmarks, projections, including functional and comparative ones.
• Chest. Parenchyma: executive techniques and their controls, alternative methods for multiplanar investigations, adaptation of projections to different pathologies. Mediastinum: techniques for retrocardiac space, cardiac diameters, quality controls.
• Abdomen. Occlusion: landmarks, regions, projections. Free air: projections, peculiarities, treatment of patients. Calcifications: findings, techniques, targeted projections. Foreign bodies: projections for even targeted research, remote checks.

Module: DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI E RADIOTERAPIA
For the completion of the exam, in-depth theoretical study is recommended from the very beginning of course attendance. For the purpose of reference and further study, texts and Ppts used during the lectures will be provided.


Module: SCIENZE TECNICHE MEDICHE APPLICATE
L . Ruco- A. Scarpa - Anatomia Patologica Le basi - UTET
Robbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Edra Masson.
Material provided during the lessons



Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
1.0 Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures - by Jeannean Hall Rollins
2.O Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection by Stewart C. Bushong

Module: DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI E RADIOTERAPIA
N/D
Module: SCIENZE TECNICHE MEDICHE APPLICATE
N/D
Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
N/D

Teaching is delivered through face-to-face lectures supported by multimedia and illustrative teaching materials. The lectures focus on the core theoretical concepts, complemented by practical examples

Attendance is strongly recommended to facilitate the achievement of the course learning objectives. Any mandatory attendance requirements are governed by the Degree Programme Regulations

Student learning will be assessed through a written examination consisting of multiple-choice questions, designed to evaluate the achievement of the course learning objectives. The examination will assess students' knowledge of the topics covered, their ability to recognize the main pathological changes affecting tissues and organs.

Applied medical technical sciences
Student learning will be assessed through an oral examination, designed to evaluate the achievement of the course learning objectives. The examination will assess students' knowledge of radiological anatomy, including neuroradiology, their ability to identify the main anatomical structures on diagnostic images, their understanding of the principles and indications of the main imaging modalities, and their knowledge of conventional radiographic examination techniques of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, maxillofacial, and genitourinary systems.
Assessment will also consider the student's ability to correlate anatomical knowledge with radiological findings and to use appropriate technical and scientific terminology.

Anatomia pathology
What are the main morphological features of acute inflammation?
Describe the differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.


Applied medical technical sciences
What are the main morphological features of acute inflammation?
Describe the differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.

Module: DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI E RADIOTERAPIA
N/D
Module: SCIENZE TECNICHE MEDICHE APPLICATE

• Definition of Pathological Anatomy, Types of Specimens for Biopsy Examination, and Basic Methodologies. - 2 hours
  • Books: L . Ruco- A. Scarpa - Anatomia Patologica  Le basi - UTETRobbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Edra Masson.


• INFLAMMATION - 2 hours


• Disorders of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. - 2 hours


• Neoplasms and TNM Classification - 1 hour


• Cardiovascular Pathology. - 2 hours


• Thyroid Pathology - 2 hours


• Pulmonary Pathology. - 2 hours


• Breast Pathology - 2 hours


• Gastrointestinal Pathology - 2 hours


• Cutaneous Pathology. - 1 hour


• Gynecological Pathology – 2 hours