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Curriculum(s) for 2024 - Chemistry (32385)

1st year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1020350 \| PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IV	1st	9	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of colloidal systems and polymer solutions and the spectroscopic and structural techniques that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding disperse systems will be treated. As regards the essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of colloid and polymer solutions and the experimental methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic processes concerning such systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the different behavior and properties between continuous and disperse systems. It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills. The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language. Considering that Chimica Fisica IV belongs to the master degree in Chemistry (second cycle), more texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.
10612117 \| ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV	1st	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The course aim to complete the knowledge in the field of physical organic chemistry provided in the previous course of Organic Chemistry IVg, with emphasis on the topics of acidity functions, reactions involving free radicals, Marcus theory for electron transfer processes, and photochemical and photocatalytic processes. The course will also review some reactive intermediates (carbenes, carbenoids, and nitrenes). Finally, it aims to extend the synthetic knowledge already provided in the Organic Synthesis courses, especially in organometallic chemistry, with special focus on modern synthetic strategies based on palladium chemistry
Elective course	1st	6	N/D	ITA
1020360 \| STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY BY DIFFRACTION METHODS	2nd	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives Objectives of the Course 1. Introduce the fundamental concepts of structural chemistry and illustrate their importance in the development of chemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials physics. 2. Foster the development of a solid understanding of the basic principles of crystal structure, including crystal lattices, crystallographic symmetry, and space groups. 3. Explain the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and demonstrate their practical application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders. 4. Integrate acquired knowledge into addressing scientific and technological challenges related to structural chemistry. 5. Stimulate students' curiosity and creativity in applying the principles of structural chemistry to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of chemistry and related sciences. Learning goals At the end of the course, students will be able to: 1. Appreciate the multiple practical applications of structural chemistry in the design of new materials, the development of pharmaceuticals, and other related fields. 2. Apply acquired knowledge to analyze and interpret the structure of crystals, both in terms of spatial arrangement of atoms and crystallographic symmetry. 3. Understand and utilize the International Tables of Crystallography. 4. Comprehend the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and their application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders. 5. Interpret diffraction data and solve simple crystallographic problems. 6. Develop effective communication skills in discussing course topics.
10612091 \| SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WITH LABORATORY	2nd	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives Synthesis and characterization methods of inorganic materials and laboratory course provides concepts and tools essential to approach synthesis methods and properties of inorganic materials. Oral lectures and laboratory practice will allow the description of the behavior of the inorganic materials through the knowledge of bulk and surface properties. One of the aim of this course is to highlight the correlation between chemical structure and properties, looking at the most recent applications of inorganic materials. The lectures are developed starting from the description of the general characteristics of inorganic materials, their synthesis and characterization. The knowledge acquired in this course constitutes a framework of reference for subsequent competences.
10612092 \| PHYSICAL METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY WITH EXCERCISES	2nd	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The main target of the course from a theoretical standpoint is to give students a deeper knowledge of the basical principles of NMR spectroscopy, integrated by updates about modern hardware and tecniques. Students will have to reach a good skill of detecting the spin systems inside a molecule, through the analysis of chemical and magnetic equivalence. The satisfactory level of knowledge will have to be extended also to all the spectroscopic tools and procedures aimed to clarify the molecular connectivity, the stereochemical and conformational analysis. At this purpose students will receive a good knowledge of bidimensional NMR spectroscopy and its applications in the field of molecular structural investigation. As regards the practical aspects of the knowledge acquired by students, they will learn how to analyze complex spin systems and to interpretate bidimensional NMR spectra. The theory given in the course will make students able to interpretate and even predict the appearance of one- and bidimensional spectra. The practical abilities in structure delucidation will be developed through exercises in class sessions, during which students will interpretate one- and bidimensional spectra of increasing complexity. In the same exercise sessions students will get familiar to predict and formulate the appearance of a spectrum of a given known molecule. The abilities of presenting notions and knowledge transfer regarding the content of the course will be developed and strenghtened by requiring the students during the class sessions to answer to theoretical questions related to course contents, focusing their attention on the importance of correct definitions and statements. Knowledge acquired in this course will make the students able to deal independently with NMR-related structural investigation during the rest of their educational pathway, and also in a likely post-graduation educational experience, like Ph.D.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

2nd year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1022370 \| SURFACE ANALYSIS SPECTROSCOPIES WITH LABORATORY	1st	9	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives 1) The course aims to describe the electronic structure of surfaces of solid materials, chemical species in the gas phase and their mutual interaction through the application of photoemission spectroscopy and related techniques. It therefore provides an introduction to this technique and its principles, followed by the description of the characteristics of an ionization spectrum and the main processes that accompany the formation of an electronic hole. Knowledge is acquired for the description of simple structure chemical species, such as diatomic molecules, and gradually more complex such as polyatomic and organometallic molecules. The description is then extended to solid systems, with regard to the energetics of the photoionization process and secondary processes (satellites and Auger signals), useful for identifying the chemical state of the analyzed species. Elements are then provided for the evaluation of the molecule-surface interaction through photoemission spectroscopy. 2) Ability to describe the photo-induced ionization process in a chemical species. Ability to interpret a photoemission spectrum. Ability to describe the electronic structure of a chemical compound through the photoemission spectrum. Ability to apply mathematical tools in the processing of spectral data to extract chemical information (chemical shift, etc ...) Ability to apply the knowledge acquired in the context of chemical bond theories in order to predict, evaluate and describe the chemical and physical-chemical properties of chemical species based on the photoemission spectrum. Ability to discern which operating condition in the context of photo-emission is most suitable for the investigation of certain chemical characteristics of the material or chemical species under investigation. 3) The critical ability and autonomy of judgment on scientific topics of the course are stimulated during the course itself through the proposition of examples and conceptual exercises with direct reference to concrete situations and requiring a direct contribution from the students, who are stimulated to formulate hypotheses in answer to the teacher's questions. At the same time, the ability to connect different concepts, also related to previous courses in inorganic and non-inorganic chemistry, is stimulated in the students trying to emphasize the common characteristics between the various topics of the course, in order to consolidate a logical path between the various concepts, necessary to develop a global critical vision of photoemission in the panorama of chemistry. The course includes laboratory exercises which consist of: i) practical demonstration in the laboratory of the preparation of a surface and its functionalization with a molecular species; ii) practical demonstration in the laboratory of the acquisition of photoemission spectra on the sample prepared in point (i); (iii) processing by the students of the spectral data acquired in point (ii) using software for curve-fitting. 4) Students are encouraged to formulate questions and doubts to the teacher in the most detailed and precise way possible, in order to perfect the communication of what the student believes needs clarification. Particular emphasis is given by the teacher in the translation into simple but at the same time rigorous words of concepts associated with topics of the course. 5) During the course, some conceptual tools are provided that students can use and develop independently in general in the field of surface science, for example in relation to vacuum production, surface-molecule interaction and spectroscopic investigation. In order to improve the ability to continue studying independently, in-depth texts are also recommended during the course and complementary teaching material is provided.
AAF1162 \| OTHER LANGUAGE SKILLS	1st	4	N/D	ITA
Elective course	1st	6	N/D	ITA
AAF1147 \| OTHER USEFUL SKILLS FOR INCLUSION IN THE WORLD OF WORK	2nd	1	N/D	ITA
AAF1029 \| Final exam	2nd	31	N/D	ITA
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

Optional groups

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612087 \| ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND HEALTH	1st	1st	6	CHIM/01	ITA
Educational objectives 1) The goal is introducing students to environmental problems and is effects on human health, not only by chemical aspects 2) In addition, recognition, evaluation and control of environmental factors are treated, so that students may have an overview on sickness or discomfort due to chemical, physical and biological exposure. 3) Students will correctly examinate an environmental or workplace case, and discuss it with collegues. 4) The communication ability is in expanding the curiosity and the questions of others students. 5) The final knowledges will permit in future job the possibility also to give an expert opinion in monitoring data, the degree of risk, and the methods of hazard controls, also operating together with experts in different fields.
10612084 \| MASS SPECTROMETRY	1st	1st	6	CHIM/01	ITA
Educational objectives The lectures are aimed to provide to the students an educational path starting from the basic concepts of mass spectrometry up to its last developments and applications in the fields of analytical chemistry and biomolecules study. At the end of the course, the students have to demonstrate the knowledge of the theory and basic principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and mass analyzers. Moreover, the students should have understood the potential of the coupling between liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, as well as tandem mass spectrometry, in particular concerning complex mixtures and compounds at trace levels. Furthermore, the students have to be able to extrapolate and describe the main data and information obtainable from a mass spectrum. Concerning the application of the knowledge, in case of a real problem, the students should possess the capability of select both the most suitable instrumentation and acquisition modes for the analysis of biological, environmental, and food samples. The capability of arguing the choice of possible analytical strategies is another important objective. Finally, self-study capability should be proven by gaining further insight into specific course topics with the aid of the scientific literature. The aims of the course are described in detail according to the five Dublin descriptors. Dublin Descriptor 1 – Knowledge and understanding At the end of the course, the students have learned the basic theoretical principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and the main mass analyzers. The students have to know the theory of tandem mass spectrometry and understand the possibilities concerning both qualitative and quantitative determination. They have to understand the potential of the coupling of tandem mass spectrometry with separative techniques or the possibility of very fast “in situ” analyses. They have to recognize between information obtainable from low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry and to understand the concept of mass accuracy. Dublin Descriptor 2 - Applying knowledge and understanding The students have to acquire the capability of facing a complex analytical problem with the aid of mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for example for applications in environmental or food analysis. It is important also to take into account the related European law concerning the maximum allowable limits of certain substances depending on the limit of detection of the technique and its various acquisition modes. The students have to be able to select the most suitable ionization technique depending on target analytes and sample origin, also suggesting a possible coupling between mass spectrometry and a separation technique. Dublin Descriptor 3 - Making judgments The students have to develop the capability of critical evaluation concerning an analytical or general research problem, which requires the application of mass spectrometry, by connecting the knowledge acquired during the whole study course. This capability is developed by the aid of examples from the scientific literature, with particular emphasis on complex mixtures of compounds present at trace level and/or structurally unknown, and biomolecules (e.g. proteins and peptides). It is also important the capability of justifying the choice of the analytical strategy. Dublin Descriptor 4 – Communication skills The students have to be able to write in a report or verbally communicate the acquired knowledge, in a concise, coherent, and well-focalized way, also by the aid of graphic informatic tools, to be understandable by both specialized and non-specialized audience. Dublin Descriptor 5 – Learning skills At the end of the course, the students should have developed suitable tools to stimulate detailed studies and links between different topics. They should possess the skills to independently refer to the scientific literature related to mass spectrometry to deepen both some theoretical aspects and, most of all, application aspects. By referring to the scientific literature, the students have to be able to obtain the information to solve new problems, as well as to get the fundamental tools useful for their professional activity.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 12 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612095 \| STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The course of Statistical Thermodynamics intends to provide the skills necessary for the use of statistical thermodynamics and its applications. In particular, at the end of the course the student will have acquired the basic knowledge of both classical and quantum statistical mechanics, he will know the properties of the different types of ensembles and he will be able to establish in each case study which ensemble to apply. The student will have to demonstrate autonomy in learning, as well as critical judgment on the assimilated concepts. The student is expected to have the ability to frame the problem under examination in the right context, to know how to choose the most suitable models for the study of the proposed systems, demonstrating the ability to apply the skills acquired.
10612136 \| MATERIALS THERMODYNAMICS	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives General Educational Target To complete the education and training of students in the field of physicochemical thermodynamics at a graduate level Specific Educational Targets A) Knowledge and understanding. This class is aimed at giving students a body of knowledge that can be summarized by four points: 1) to deepen the understanding of fundamentals of thermodynamics (that students were introduced to in the Chimica Fisica I class during the undergraduate course) with special emphasis on the second law of thermodynamics, which is presented by an approach based on the concept of entropy production as the driving force for the irreversible processes; 2) to illustrate the thermodynamic treatment of one-component or fixed-composition systems with a systematic and mathematically rigorous approach, by deriving the total differentials of all the thermodynamic functions involved in physicochemical problems; 3) to extend the thermodynamic treatment to processes and systems more complex than those addressed by students in the elementary courses: real gases, multicomponent real solutions and phase diagrams, heterogeneous chemically reactive systems, high-pressure phenomena, systems with curved interfaces, etc.; 4) to illustrate the basic aspects of the most important experimental techniques used to determine thermodynamic properties. B) Applying knowledge and understanding. With regard to the ability in applying the above reported contents, a part of the classes is intended to enable students 1) to solve practical problems of applied thermodynamics and thermochemistry, such as to calculate heat, work, and changes of thermodynamic functions in reversible and irreversible processes, to evaluate the driving force of irreversible processes, the mixing properties in multicomponent solutions, the equilibrium phases and their compositions in reactive and non-reactive systems, to read and discuss two- and three-component phase diagrams, etc. and 2) to give students a good command of the mathematical handling of thermodynamic functions and expressions, enabling them to derive autonomously other relations useful in solving specific physicochemical problems.
10612093 \| LABORATORY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding The use of complex and accurate simulation models of real chemical systems, which until the fifties was only a possibility, has become a reality thanks to the impressive development of calculators and calculation systems. The course aims to introduce students to the vast field of simulation techniques starting from the ab-initio calculation. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding The basic theoretical knowledge, starting from the principles of quantum mechanics applied to electronic systems will allow the students to: - understand the simulation techniques used in a literature article. - choose the most appropriate method to conduct a simulation of a chemical system. - judge the quality and limits of a simulation. 3) Making Judgments Approximately 12 hours of "hands on" practical exercises are foreseen in which, through the use of specific software and "templates" made available by the teacher, students can develop the skills to handle the most common calculation techniques on chemical systems real. They will also be able to appreciate the scale of practical complexity that must be addressed in order to produce reliable simulation techniques. 4) Communication skills The exercises carried out in class together with the teacher and the related reports will allow students to develop communication skills. 5) Learning skills This course represents an introduction to computational chemistry and in this sense provides the basic tools to access the more complex and advanced topics that typically form part of the world of frontier research in this matter.
10612096 \| STORAGE AND ENERGY	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives A - Knowledge and understanding OF 1) Knowing the renewable energy sources OF 2) Knowing the main methods and devices for energy storage OF 3) Knowing the main methods and devices for energy conversion OF 4) Understanding materials properties in terms of energy content B - Application skills OF 5) Developing analysis protocols to study the properties of functional materials OF 6) Establishing functionality of materials in conversion/storage devices based on their physical-chemical properties OF 7) Monitoring the performances of energy conversion/storage devices C - Autonomy of judgment OF 8) Being able to evaluate applicability of materials and devices in different fields of energy conversion/storage (stationary/mobile), based on data available in the literature and on the outcome of the laboratory tests performed during the course OF 9) Being able to select the most suitable methods for materials investigation, based on their nature and redox properties OF 10) Being able to evaluate coherence of materials and conversion/storage devices with the requirements and targets of current energy policies D - Communication skills OF 11) Knowing how to communicate the properties of materials with particular reference to their energy characteristics OF 12) Knowing how to communicate the working principles of conversion/storage devices E - Ability to learn OF 13) Acquiring the ability to consult literature on materials for conversion/storage devices OF 17) Acquiring the ability to evaluate the adequacy of an investigation method for studying the performance of new materials by consulting technical data sheets and information sheets

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612101 \| ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives This course is dedicated to the acquisition of the tools necessary to use the knowledge acquired in basic chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms, for a deep understanding of inorganic and organometallic chemistry with particular attention to the fundamental mechanisms that concern transition metal complexes and their involvement in catalytic processes in the homogeneous phase.
1020331 \| CATALYSIS SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives The main aim is to provide knowledge on the fundamental principles of heterogeneous catalysis and of the gas-solid reactivity. The course will be useful to acquire an integrated methodology to correlate structural and reactivity features of solid materials and gaseous reactants with kinetic and thermodynamics features of the reactions. Students are expected to: 1. learn, by following a multidisciplinary approach, the fundamental methods for the catalysts preparation and characterization (in the bulk and at the surface), the mechanisms of surface reactions (adsorption of reactants, surface reactions, desorption of products) and some applications of catalysts in industrial processes and for the solution of environmental problems. 2. use of a multidisciplinary approach by analysing examples from research or industry field. The student will apply the basic principles, previously acquired in the main courses of General, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, to understand catalytic phenomena and will be able to evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative way: - the main kinetic parameters for describing catalysts activity and selectivity, paying attention to the diffusion aspects; - the main morphological and physico-chemical properties (composition, structure, dispersion) of the catalysts determining the catalytic performance. 3. move the first steps in the interpretation of experimental results reported in the scientific literature. 4. be able to present in a synthetic and appropriate way the acquired knowledge. 5. be able to argument his choices, thus facing further studies with a certain degree of autonomy.
10616556 \| astrochemistry	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives Chemistry and microphysics, i.e. all the processes that occur at microscopic scales where quantum effects are predominant, are fundamental to understanding how stars and planets form, and how life originated from the extreme conditions of the interstellar medium. The Astrochemistry course has the following objectives: i) to provide the physical background necessary to understand the subject of study of astrochemistry, ii) to introduce the chemical processes that occur under the extreme conditions of density and temperature of the interstellar medium: gas phase processes, surface chemistry (catalytic processes), and radiation-induced processes, iii) provide the theoretical, experimental, and computational tools to study the chemistry of the interstellar medium. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand the fundamental concepts of astrochemistry at both microscopic and macroscopic scales (descriptor 1) and to have the basis to start doing research in this interdiscipline by identifying the main problems and sought out possible solutions (descriptor 2 and 4). Furthermore, the ability of analysis and logical coherence in the presentation or related topics and the student's ability to communicate in an appropriate language within the discipline context (descriptors 3 and 4) will also be evaluated through discussions and presentations in the classroom.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1020450 \| CHEMICAL REACTION DYNAMICS WITH LABORATORY	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The expected learning outcomes, according to the Dublin descriptors, are the following: Descriptor 1 (knowledge and understanding): at the end of the course the student will have acquired the knowledge to understand the links between the chemical kinetics (macroscopic) and the dynamics of chemical reactions (microscopic). The phenomena that lead to the formation or breaking of a bond in chemical reactions will be understood at the molecular level. Descriptor 2 (knowledge and understanding skills applied): the theoretical knowledge acquired will be applied to the experimental study of a real case of UV photodissociation process using an apparatus for Photofragment Translational Spectroscopy. The velocity distribution of a molecular beam will be measured and the primary dissociation channels identified. Descriptor 3 (Autonomy of judgment): judgment autonomy will be developed during practical laboratory experiments. Descriptor 4 (communication skills): through the involvement in the lectures and laboratory experiments the student will be stimulated to develop his communication skills. Descriptor 5 (ability to continue the study in an autonomous way): this course aims to provide the basic knowledge on the dynamics of chemical reactions and, more generally, on the study of chemical and physical processes starting from a microscopic view of such phenomena. This approach can be extended autonomously to many other fields of investigation that can range from physical chemistry, organic chemistry, etc.
10612102 \| MOLECULAR DYNAMICS	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives At the end of the course, as regards the essential knowledge, the student must have acquired skills regarding the most suitable approaches to estimate kinetic and thermodynamic properties based on the complexity of the system. The student is expected to have the ability to select the most suitable equations and formulas for solving quantitative problems and to know how to choose investigation methods suitable for studying the proposed systems (Dublin 1 and 2 descriptors). Furthermore, the ability of analysis, synthesis, and logical coherence in the exposition and the student's ability to communicate in an appropriate language (Dublin 3 and 4 descriptors) will also be assessed through collective discussions in the classroom. Finally, since it is a teaching of the Master's Degree in Chemistry, knowledge of the possible applications of investigation methodologies to solve chemical-physical problems will be appreciated.
10612113 \| STRUCTURE OF MACROMOLECULES	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The course aims to introduce the concepts of the structure of matter and the chemical-physical methods applied to structural characterization focusing on X-ray and Neutron diffraction techniques. Different X-ray diffraction techniques will be introduced such as wide angle X-ray diffraction (EDXD and ADXD) and the small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and their ability to characterize the structure over a wide spatial scale will be demonstrated (covering from interatomic distances to mesoscopic sizes). Accurate knowledge of the theory of X-ray diffraction from an electron, an atom, a set of atoms and finally from a nanoparticle will be developed. The experimental data treatments will be explained with the aim of obtaining information on the structure of systems with different degrees of order: from disordered systems such as liquids, to crystalline and semicrystalline systems, to complex systems organized on the nanometric scale. Furthermore, during the course the different theoretical models for the treatment of experimental data of macromolecular systems (polymers and biomolecules) will be introduced and related applications will be proposed and discussed. Several laboratory experiments will be carried out demonstrating the ability of the X-ray diffraction technique for the structural study of disordered / complex systems. Diverse laboratory experiences will also be proposed to consolidate the theoretical knowledge and gain the practical ability to process experimental data. Through the laboratory experiences, the student will learn to collect diffraction data, will be able to process them, and, by the application of theoretical models, will extract the relevant structural parameters of the system under study. At the end of the course, the student must have acquired skills regarding the general principles of X-ray scattering, the principles of the LAXS and SAXS experiment and the morphological properties of disordered / complex systems. The student will be able to select the most suitable experimental conditions for the study of the proposed systems, demonstrating the ability to apply the acquired skills. Furthermore, the student must know how to argue and defend the chosen options. He will have competence in extracting structural features of complex systems, such as polymer solutions, biomacromolecules solutions and complex fluids. At the end of the course the student must demonstrate the ability to frame the problem in the right context and to select the theoretical models best suited to its qualitative and quantitative resolution. The final test will also evaluate the ability of analysis, synthesis and logical consistency in oral presentation and the ability of the student to communicate in an appropriate language at the level corresponding to Laurea Magistrale. During the course the student will be proposed with scientific reports published in international journals together with the reference texts for further information that will be discussed in the classroom. This approach should favor the ability to learn and the habit of selecting various bibliographic sources, in Italian and in English. It should also stimulate the need for continuous updating, depending, for example, on the development of the Master's degree thesis or research doctorate. Furthermore students will be stimulated to propose selected systems, in order to apply the acquired techniques and correspondingly rationalise the relationship between microscopic features and macroscopic functionality.
1022360 \| ELECTROCHEMISTRY	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives In accordance to the first two Dublin descriptors, at the end of the course the student will have the knowledge of the following five points: a) the mechanisms at the basis of electrical conduction in the different types of materials (ionic, electronic and mixed conductors) and the factors that control this phenomenon; b) the phenomena that originate the electrochemical double layer; c) the thermodynamics and the working principle of the electrochemical devices d) kinetic factors that control the passage of electrical current in an electrochemical device; e) electrochemical analysis of the phenomena of corrosion The student will use the concepts grasped during the course of electrochemistry to realize electrochemical experiments for fundamental studies or for routine research. The course has also the finality of developing the communication skills of the student (fourth Dublin descriptor). This is realized through questions during classes and in the final exam.

Chimica Organica e Biomolecolare

1st year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1020350 \| PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IV	1st	9	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of colloidal systems and polymer solutions and the spectroscopic and structural techniques that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding disperse systems will be treated. As regards the essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of colloid and polymer solutions and the experimental methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic processes concerning such systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the different behavior and properties between continuous and disperse systems. It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills. The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language. Considering that Chimica Fisica IV belongs to the master degree in Chemistry (second cycle), more texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.
1020353 \| ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV	1st	9	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The course aim to complete the knowledge in the field of physical organic chemistry provided in the previous course of Organic Chemistry IVg, with emphasis on the topics of acidity functions, reactions involving free radicals, Marcus theory for electron transfer processes, and photochemical and photocatalytic processes. The course will also review some reactive intermediates (carbenes, carbenoids, and nitrenes). Finally, it aims to extend the synthetic knowledge already provided in the Organic Synthesis courses, especially in organometallic chemistry, with special focus on modern synthetic strategies based on palladium chemistry
Elective course	1st	6	N/D	ITA
1020360 \| STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY BY DIFFRACTION METHODS	2nd	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives Objectives of the Course 1. Introduce the fundamental concepts of structural chemistry and illustrate their importance in the development of chemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials physics. 2. Foster the development of a solid understanding of the basic principles of crystal structure, including crystal lattices, crystallographic symmetry, and space groups. 3. Explain the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and demonstrate their practical application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders. 4. Integrate acquired knowledge into addressing scientific and technological challenges related to structural chemistry. 5. Stimulate students' curiosity and creativity in applying the principles of structural chemistry to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of chemistry and related sciences. Learning goals At the end of the course, students will be able to: 1. Appreciate the multiple practical applications of structural chemistry in the design of new materials, the development of pharmaceuticals, and other related fields. 2. Apply acquired knowledge to analyze and interpret the structure of crystals, both in terms of spatial arrangement of atoms and crystallographic symmetry. 3. Understand and utilize the International Tables of Crystallography. 4. Comprehend the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and their application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders. 5. Interpret diffraction data and solve simple crystallographic problems. 6. Develop effective communication skills in discussing course topics.
1022358 \| ORGANIC SYNTHESIS WITH LABORATORY	2nd	9	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course the student will have acquired the retrosynthetic language and will have learned the main synthetic organic chemistry reactions. He will have deepened his knowledge of the reaction mechanism and of their stereochemical behavior. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding: Through laboratory experiences he will put into practice the experimental techniques learned. 3) Making judgements: Through exercises in the classroom and reports to be done at home, the student will acquire the ability to formulate a synthetic route for complex chiral molecules, knowing how to choose the most economical and feasible solutions among the possible ones. 4) Communication skills: The students will be encouraged to make working groups to find the most efficient way to synthesize a molecule that will be assigned to them. 5) Learning skills: The student will also have learned how to do complete bibliographic research independently and where to find information about the molecule he wants to synthesize.
1026798 \| BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY	2nd	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives 1) Knowledge of the main inorganic elements present in biological systems and of the different role played by metals in the regulation of important properties (structure, action mechanism, specificity, and catalytic activity) in biological molecules as proteins and nucleic acids, also including the therapeutic use of unnatural metals. Basic knowledge of investigation techniques used in Bioinorganic Chemistry, such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), Mössbauer spectroscopy or magnetic behaviour of metal ions. 2) Ability to correlate the properties of inorganic elements with the role that they play within biomolecules, albeit modulated by the biological component. Ability to apply the various techniques of investigation in the biological field, with particular reference to the information that can be obtained from them. 3) Development of critical skills and judgment in the learning of the subject, through the study of the teaching material provided to the students and the frequency of the lessons, during which the students are invited to ask questions and request clarifications. Since the course consists only of lectures, no other activities are planned. 4) Ability to communicate what has been learned during the course through the exam, consisting of a discussion lasting about 30 minutes, aimed at verifying the critical learning of the arguments and the ability to deepen personal knowledge. 5) Ability to deepen the topics studied, each according to personal propensities for each topic in an autonomous way, through the consultation of literature or specialized texts recommended in class and available in the Library of the Department.
10612092 \| PHYSICAL METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY WITH EXCERCISES	2nd	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The main target of the course from a theoretical standpoint is to give students a deeper knowledge of the basical principles of NMR spectroscopy, integrated by updates about modern hardware and tecniques. Students will have to reach a good skill of detecting the spin systems inside a molecule, through the analysis of chemical and magnetic equivalence. The satisfactory level of knowledge will have to be extended also to all the spectroscopic tools and procedures aimed to clarify the molecular connectivity, the stereochemical and conformational analysis. At this purpose students will receive a good knowledge of bidimensional NMR spectroscopy and its applications in the field of molecular structural investigation. As regards the practical aspects of the knowledge acquired by students, they will learn how to analyze complex spin systems and to interpretate bidimensional NMR spectra. The theory given in the course will make students able to interpretate and even predict the appearance of one- and bidimensional spectra. The practical abilities in structure delucidation will be developed through exercises in class sessions, during which students will interpretate one- and bidimensional spectra of increasing complexity. In the same exercise sessions students will get familiar to predict and formulate the appearance of a spectrum of a given known molecule. The abilities of presenting notions and knowledge transfer regarding the content of the course will be developed and strenghtened by requiring the students during the class sessions to answer to theoretical questions related to course contents, focusing their attention on the importance of correct definitions and statements. Knowledge acquired in this course will make the students able to deal independently with NMR-related structural investigation during the rest of their educational pathway, and also in a likely post-graduation educational experience, like Ph.D.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

2nd year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1022412 \| ORGANIC CHEMISTRY V	1st	9	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The course aim to complete the knowledge in the field of physical organic chemistry provided in the previous course of Organic Chemistry IVg, with emphasis on the topics of acidity functions, reactions involving free radicals, Marcus theory for electron transfer processes, and photochemical and photocatalytic processes. The course will also review some reactive intermediates (carbenes, carbenoids, and nitrenes). Finally, it aims to extend the synthetic knowledge already provided in the Organic Synthesis courses, especially in organometallic chemistry, with special focus on modern synthetic strategies based on palladium chemistry
AAF1162 \| OTHER LANGUAGE SKILLS	1st	4	N/D	ITA
1022360 \| ELECTROCHEMISTRY	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives In accordance to the first two Dublin descriptors, at the end of the course the student will have the knowledge of the following five points: a) the mechanisms at the basis of electrical conduction in the different types of materials (ionic, electronic and mixed conductors) and the factors that control this phenomenon; b) the phenomena that originate the electrochemical double layer; c) the thermodynamics and the working principle of the electrochemical devices d) kinetic factors that control the passage of electrical current in an electrochemical device; e) electrochemical analysis of the phenomena of corrosion The student will use the concepts grasped during the course of electrochemistry to realize electrochemical experiments for fundamental studies or for routine research. The course has also the finality of developing the communication skills of the student (fourth Dublin descriptor). This is realized through questions during classes and in the final exam.
Elective course	2nd	6	N/D	ITA
AAF1147 \| OTHER USEFUL SKILLS FOR INCLUSION IN THE WORLD OF WORK	2nd	1	N/D	ITA
AAF1029 \| Final exam	2nd	31	N/D	ITA

Optional groups

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612087 \| ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND HEALTH	1st	1st	6	CHIM/01	ITA
Educational objectives 1) The goal is introducing students to environmental problems and is effects on human health, not only by chemical aspects 2) In addition, recognition, evaluation and control of environmental factors are treated, so that students may have an overview on sickness or discomfort due to chemical, physical and biological exposure. 3) Students will correctly examinate an environmental or workplace case, and discuss it with collegues. 4) The communication ability is in expanding the curiosity and the questions of others students. 5) The final knowledges will permit in future job the possibility also to give an expert opinion in monitoring data, the degree of risk, and the methods of hazard controls, also operating together with experts in different fields.
10612084 \| MASS SPECTROMETRY	1st	1st	6	CHIM/01	ITA
Educational objectives The lectures are aimed to provide to the students an educational path starting from the basic concepts of mass spectrometry up to its last developments and applications in the fields of analytical chemistry and biomolecules study. At the end of the course, the students have to demonstrate the knowledge of the theory and basic principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and mass analyzers. Moreover, the students should have understood the potential of the coupling between liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, as well as tandem mass spectrometry, in particular concerning complex mixtures and compounds at trace levels. Furthermore, the students have to be able to extrapolate and describe the main data and information obtainable from a mass spectrum. Concerning the application of the knowledge, in case of a real problem, the students should possess the capability of select both the most suitable instrumentation and acquisition modes for the analysis of biological, environmental, and food samples. The capability of arguing the choice of possible analytical strategies is another important objective. Finally, self-study capability should be proven by gaining further insight into specific course topics with the aid of the scientific literature. The aims of the course are described in detail according to the five Dublin descriptors. Dublin Descriptor 1 – Knowledge and understanding At the end of the course, the students have learned the basic theoretical principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and the main mass analyzers. The students have to know the theory of tandem mass spectrometry and understand the possibilities concerning both qualitative and quantitative determination. They have to understand the potential of the coupling of tandem mass spectrometry with separative techniques or the possibility of very fast “in situ” analyses. They have to recognize between information obtainable from low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry and to understand the concept of mass accuracy. Dublin Descriptor 2 - Applying knowledge and understanding The students have to acquire the capability of facing a complex analytical problem with the aid of mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for example for applications in environmental or food analysis. It is important also to take into account the related European law concerning the maximum allowable limits of certain substances depending on the limit of detection of the technique and its various acquisition modes. The students have to be able to select the most suitable ionization technique depending on target analytes and sample origin, also suggesting a possible coupling between mass spectrometry and a separation technique. Dublin Descriptor 3 - Making judgments The students have to develop the capability of critical evaluation concerning an analytical or general research problem, which requires the application of mass spectrometry, by connecting the knowledge acquired during the whole study course. This capability is developed by the aid of examples from the scientific literature, with particular emphasis on complex mixtures of compounds present at trace level and/or structurally unknown, and biomolecules (e.g. proteins and peptides). It is also important the capability of justifying the choice of the analytical strategy. Dublin Descriptor 4 – Communication skills The students have to be able to write in a report or verbally communicate the acquired knowledge, in a concise, coherent, and well-focalized way, also by the aid of graphic informatic tools, to be understandable by both specialized and non-specialized audience. Dublin Descriptor 5 – Learning skills At the end of the course, the students should have developed suitable tools to stimulate detailed studies and links between different topics. They should possess the skills to independently refer to the scientific literature related to mass spectrometry to deepen both some theoretical aspects and, most of all, application aspects. By referring to the scientific literature, the students have to be able to obtain the information to solve new problems, as well as to get the fundamental tools useful for their professional activity.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1020451 \| ORGANIC STEREOCHEMISTRY	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The educational objectives expected in the course of Stereochemistry are the acquisition of the basic concepts of stereochemistry and stereoselective synthesis, the ability to correctly identify the possible stereogenic elements of a molecule, the knowledge of stereochemical nomenclature, the knowledge of the concepts regarding relative and absolute stereoselectivity. Students should be able to apply the acquired knowledge, recognize the spatial relationships between the groups of a molecule, recognize the stereogenic elements of a molecule. They should be able to recognize which asymmetric reactions could be successfully applied in an asymmetric synthesis and discuss the related problems. Students will have to be able to identify all possible stereoisomers of a complex molecule and correctly describe the stereochemical relationships between them.
10612104 \| INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives Knowledge of the main transformation processes of petrochemical industry, from raw materials to final products. Competence of placing chemical industry in the current socio-economic situation, understanding its historical and economic development by a knowledge of its peculiar economic characteristics. Analysis and comprehension of catalysis in industrial processes.
10612103 \| BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives General objectives: to acquire the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions and reactions in biological systems through a physical chemical-organic approach Specific objectives: students will have acquired a theoretical / mechanistic basis with which they will be able to understand the mechanisms of action of biologically active molecules, such as natural organic substances and drugs.

Chimica dei Sistemi Biologici

1st year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612116 \| PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IV	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of colloidal systems and polymer solutions and the spectroscopic and structural techniques that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding disperse systems will be treated. As regards the essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of colloid and polymer solutions and the experimental methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic processes concerning such systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the different behavior and properties between continuous and disperse systems. It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills. The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language. Considering that Chimica Fisica IV belongs to the master degree in Chemistry (second cycle), more texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.
1020353 \| ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV	1st	9	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives The course aim to complete the knowledge in the field of physical organic chemistry provided in the previous course of Organic Chemistry IVg, with emphasis on the topics of acidity functions, reactions involving free radicals, Marcus theory for electron transfer processes, and photochemical and photocatalytic processes. The course will also review some reactive intermediates (carbenes, carbenoids, and nitrenes). Finally, it aims to extend the synthetic knowledge already provided in the Organic Synthesis courses, especially in organometallic chemistry, with special focus on modern synthetic strategies based on palladium chemistry
1022315 \| MOLECULAR BIOLOGY	1st	6	BIO/11	ITA
Educational objectives The Molecular Biology course aims to deepen the fundamental principles of molecular biology, including the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription and translation. Experimental techniques used in molecular biology will be analysed, such as PCR, cloning and analysis of DNA and RNA. Key molecular interactions within cells will be described, including signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in order to understand the importance of molecular biology in the research and development of medical therapies and biotechnology.
Elective course	1st	6	N/D	ITA
10612105 \| BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY	2nd	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The issues developed in this course concern the physico-chemical properties of biological systems and the spectroscopic and structural techniques, theoretical and experimental, that allow their characterization. Theoretical models and related proofs regarding such complex systems will be treated. As regards essential knowledge, the student should acquire skills on physico-chemical properties of biological systems and the experimental and theoretical methodologies more used to investigate them. In this respect, the student should know the main thermodynamic and kinetics processes concerning biological systems, the involved quantities and functions and their macroscopic and microscopic physical meaning. It should be clearly understood the approximations and the hypothesis at the base of the models used. It is expected that the student will show the capacity of choosing formulations and equations suitable to solve quantitative problems and methods proper to investigate the proposed systems (first and second Dublin descriptors). The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language (third and fourth Dublin descriptors). Finally, considering that the course belongs to the graduate degree (second cycle), competence on applications of techniques to solve biological relevant problems from a chemical-physical point of view will be appreciated.
10612103 \| BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY	2nd	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives General objectives: to acquire the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions and reactions in biological systems through a physical chemical-organic approach Specific objectives: students will have acquired a theoretical / mechanistic basis with which they will be able to understand the mechanisms of action of biologically active molecules, such as natural organic substances and drugs.
1007442 \| BIOCHEMISTRY II	2nd	6	BIO/10	ITA
Educational objectives The course, organized in 6 CFUs, is aimed at understanding the biochemical aspects of nucleic acids biochemistry and the use of new technologies based on genome manipulations. In particular, the course will focus on the study of DNA structure and on the processes of replication, transcription and translation, with a description of DNA mutations and damage, and mechanisms of DNA repair. The course includes the discussion of the main analytical techniques to produce, purify, characterize, and analyze proteins and other biotechnological products, and description of nucleic acids analysis and manipulations to produce recombinant proteins and new drugs in microorganisms. Specific seminars will be organized to provide and updated description of forefront technologies, such as nanotechnology, bioinformatics, proteomics, cryoelectron microscopy. Updated bibliographic references will be provided to the students to stimulate their interest and their critical thinking. Specific skills – Nutritional Biochemistry a) knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the structure and function of DNA and RNA; DNA replication transcription and translation; post-translational modification of proteins, protein folding and misfolding; nucleic acids analysis; manipulation fo microorganisms to produce specific proteins or secondary metabolites products. b) applying knowledge and understanding Ability to identify and describe DNA manipulation processes and capacity to apply them to the production of substances of interest in chemistry and pharmaceutical technology. The student will need to demonstrate that he/she has the capacity to deal with biological phenomena (in the field of biochemistry microbiology molecular biology and cellular biology) thus implementing his/her competences in the chemistry of living organisms. c) making judgments Ability to describe and to analyze the metabolic processes involved in the biochemistry of nucleic acids. Ability to critically read scientific literature in the field. d) communication skills Ability to describe the biochemical pathways relevant in DNA biochemistry and the main biochemical techniques for the investigation of nucleic acids. e) learning skills Critical reading of scientific articles in DNA biochemistry, critical thinking and discussion.
Elective course	2nd	6	N/D	ITA
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

2nd year

Lesson	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612084 \| MASS SPECTROMETRY	1st	6	CHIM/01	ITA
Educational objectives The lectures are aimed to provide to the students an educational path starting from the basic concepts of mass spectrometry up to its last developments and applications in the fields of analytical chemistry and biomolecules study. At the end of the course, the students have to demonstrate the knowledge of the theory and basic principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and mass analyzers. Moreover, the students should have understood the potential of the coupling between liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, as well as tandem mass spectrometry, in particular concerning complex mixtures and compounds at trace levels. Furthermore, the students have to be able to extrapolate and describe the main data and information obtainable from a mass spectrum. Concerning the application of the knowledge, in case of a real problem, the students should possess the capability of select both the most suitable instrumentation and acquisition modes for the analysis of biological, environmental, and food samples. The capability of arguing the choice of possible analytical strategies is another important objective. Finally, self-study capability should be proven by gaining further insight into specific course topics with the aid of the scientific literature. The aims of the course are described in detail according to the five Dublin descriptors. Dublin Descriptor 1 – Knowledge and understanding At the end of the course, the students have learned the basic theoretical principles of mass spectrometry, as well as of the various ionization techniques and the main mass analyzers. The students have to know the theory of tandem mass spectrometry and understand the possibilities concerning both qualitative and quantitative determination. They have to understand the potential of the coupling of tandem mass spectrometry with separative techniques or the possibility of very fast “in situ” analyses. They have to recognize between information obtainable from low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry and to understand the concept of mass accuracy. Dublin Descriptor 2 - Applying knowledge and understanding The students have to acquire the capability of facing a complex analytical problem with the aid of mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for example for applications in environmental or food analysis. It is important also to take into account the related European law concerning the maximum allowable limits of certain substances depending on the limit of detection of the technique and its various acquisition modes. The students have to be able to select the most suitable ionization technique depending on target analytes and sample origin, also suggesting a possible coupling between mass spectrometry and a separation technique. Dublin Descriptor 3 - Making judgments The students have to develop the capability of critical evaluation concerning an analytical or general research problem, which requires the application of mass spectrometry, by connecting the knowledge acquired during the whole study course. This capability is developed by the aid of examples from the scientific literature, with particular emphasis on complex mixtures of compounds present at trace level and/or structurally unknown, and biomolecules (e.g. proteins and peptides). It is also important the capability of justifying the choice of the analytical strategy. Dublin Descriptor 4 – Communication skills The students have to be able to write in a report or verbally communicate the acquired knowledge, in a concise, coherent, and well-focalized way, also by the aid of graphic informatic tools, to be understandable by both specialized and non-specialized audience. Dublin Descriptor 5 – Learning skills At the end of the course, the students should have developed suitable tools to stimulate detailed studies and links between different topics. They should possess the skills to independently refer to the scientific literature related to mass spectrometry to deepen both some theoretical aspects and, most of all, application aspects. By referring to the scientific literature, the students have to be able to obtain the information to solve new problems, as well as to get the fundamental tools useful for their professional activity.
1016712 \| INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY AND FERMENTATION CHEMISTRY	1st	6	CHIM/11	ITA
Educational objectives This teaching aims to give, by frontal lessons, basic knowledge of cell structure, organization and functioning, basic knowledge of microbial cultivation and of the principal large-scale fermentative processes for the synthesis of chemicals, enzymes and biomass. Results will be the capability to evaluate the use of microrganisms for the production of compounds with industrial applications, the possibility to develop and improve production processes, the planning of production of new compounds or the development of new processes. The oral final test aims to develop communication skills.
1031575 \| BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SPETTROSCOPY	1st	9	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives The course Spectroscopy of Biological Systems focuses on the manifold applications of nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence, linear and circular dichroism, vibrational and Raman spectroscopies to biological systems to investigate their structural, thermodynamic and functional properties. It is expected that the students show the capability of framing the system under investigation in the correct context, choosing equations and formulations more suitable to solve quantitative problems. The students have to select experimental methods proper to investigate the proposed systems showing the ability to apply the acquired skills. In addition, the students should discuss and support their choices and conceive simple experiments based on the acquired skills. The capability of analyzing the problems, of synthesis and logical coherence will be evaluated as well as the ability to adopt a correct language. More texts are suggested to study the issues proposed in the course, some of them for insights. Furthermore, papers published in international journal will be discussed during the lesson. This teaching approach should favor the learning capability of the students and encourage the habit to choose various reference sources, both in Italian and English.
AAF1162 \| OTHER LANGUAGE SKILLS	1st	4	N/D	ITA
AAF1029 \| Final exam	2nd	31	N/D	ITA
AAF1147 \| OTHER USEFUL SKILLS FOR INCLUSION IN THE WORLD OF WORK	2nd	1	N/D	ITA
New group

Optional groups

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
1026798 \| BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives 1) Knowledge of the main inorganic elements present in biological systems and of the different role played by metals in the regulation of important properties (structure, action mechanism, specificity, and catalytic activity) in biological molecules as proteins and nucleic acids, also including the therapeutic use of unnatural metals. Basic knowledge of investigation techniques used in Bioinorganic Chemistry, such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), Mössbauer spectroscopy or magnetic behaviour of metal ions. 2) Ability to correlate the properties of inorganic elements with the role that they play within biomolecules, albeit modulated by the biological component. Ability to apply the various techniques of investigation in the biological field, with particular reference to the information that can be obtained from them. 3) Development of critical skills and judgment in the learning of the subject, through the study of the teaching material provided to the students and the frequency of the lessons, during which the students are invited to ask questions and request clarifications. Since the course consists only of lectures, no other activities are planned. 4) Ability to communicate what has been learned during the course through the exam, consisting of a discussion lasting about 30 minutes, aimed at verifying the critical learning of the arguments and the ability to deepen personal knowledge. 5) Ability to deepen the topics studied, each according to personal propensities for each topic in an autonomous way, through the consultation of literature or specialized texts recommended in class and available in the Library of the Department.
1020360 \| STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY BY DIFFRACTION METHODS	1st	2nd	6	CHIM/03	ITA
Educational objectives Objectives of the Course 1. Introduce the fundamental concepts of structural chemistry and illustrate their importance in the development of chemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials physics. 2. Foster the development of a solid understanding of the basic principles of crystal structure, including crystal lattices, crystallographic symmetry, and space groups. 3. Explain the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and demonstrate their practical application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders. 4. Integrate acquired knowledge into addressing scientific and technological challenges related to structural chemistry. 5. Stimulate students' curiosity and creativity in applying the principles of structural chemistry to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of chemistry and related sciences. Learning goals At the end of the course, students will be able to: 1. Appreciate the multiple practical applications of structural chemistry in the design of new materials, the development of pharmaceuticals, and other related fields. 2. Apply acquired knowledge to analyze and interpret the structure of crystals, both in terms of spatial arrangement of atoms and crystallographic symmetry. 3. Understand and utilize the International Tables of Crystallography. 4. Comprehend the theoretical concepts of X-ray and neutron diffraction and their application in the structural analysis of crystalline materials and powders. 5. Interpret diffraction data and solve simple crystallographic problems. 6. Develop effective communication skills in discussing course topics.

New group: The student must acquire 6 CFU from the following exams

Lesson	Year	Semester	CFU	SSD	Language
10612102 \| MOLECULAR DYNAMICS	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/02	ITA
Educational objectives At the end of the course, as regards the essential knowledge, the student must have acquired skills regarding the most suitable approaches to estimate kinetic and thermodynamic properties based on the complexity of the system. The student is expected to have the ability to select the most suitable equations and formulas for solving quantitative problems and to know how to choose investigation methods suitable for studying the proposed systems (Dublin 1 and 2 descriptors). Furthermore, the ability of analysis, synthesis, and logical coherence in the exposition and the student's ability to communicate in an appropriate language (Dublin 3 and 4 descriptors) will also be assessed through collective discussions in the classroom. Finally, since it is a teaching of the Master's Degree in Chemistry, knowledge of the possible applications of investigation methodologies to solve chemical-physical problems will be appreciated.
10612114 \| NATURAL AND BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES	2nd	1st	6	CHIM/06	ITA
Educational objectives Bioactive and pharmacologically active organic molecules belong to a wide, structurally various group of compounds, featuring high added value and interesting industrial potential application. The main groups of natural biologically and pharmacologically active products will be illustrated, together with some important synthetic derivatives and analogues. Modern synthetic methodologies for the obtaining of biocative products will be described. General educational objectives of the course are: to confer knowledge of the main bioactivity features of various classes of natural and synthetic organic compounds, to confer knowledge of the principles of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. At the end of the course (specific objectives) students will be able to: have a wider knowledge of metabolic pathways from which bioactive organic products come from in nature; have a general knowledge of structure activity relationship (SAR) applied to bioactive and pharmacological active organic compounds. As expected results of the learning path, students will be able to describe metabolic pathways leading to bioactive compounds and to relate bioactivities to functional groups and chemical structures; to expand their knowledge in the field of medicinal chemistry and of modern synthetic methodologies applied to the preparation of bioactive molecules; to improve their expertise in correct scientific communication.