Analytical Chemistry

ANDREA LAPI

The aim of the course is to instruct the students on the structural identification of complex organic compounds via their spectrometrical properties. The first part of the course involves the theoretical knowledge on the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS and IR spectrometriy with a particular attention on the relationships between spectral morphology and molecular structure. The second part of the course is dedicated to the comparative analysis of a set of spectra in order to identify the structure of different classes of complex organic compounds.

Good Knowledge of Organic and Physical Chemistry

Theory. Instrumentation and Sample Handling.Chemical Shift.Spin Coupling, Multiplets, Spin Systems.Protons on Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Atoms. Exchangeable Protons.Coupling of Protons to Other Important Nuclei. Chemical Shift Equivalence.Magnetic Equivalence (Spin-Coupling Equivalence). AMX, ABX, and ABC Rigid Systems with Three Coupling Constants. Confirmationally Mobile, Open-Chain Systems. Virtual Coupling.Chirality.Vicinal and Geminal Coupling. Low-Range Coupling. Selective Spin Decoupling. Double Resonance.Nuclear Overhauser Effect, Difference Spectrometry, 1H 1H Proximity Through Space.

Carbon-13 NMR Spectrometry.
Theory. Chemical Shift Equivalence. DEPT. Chemical Classes and Chemical Shifts.

Mass Spectrometry:
Instrumentation. Ionization Methods. Mass Analyzers. Interpretation of El Mass Spectra. Mass Spectra of Some Chemical Classes.

Infrared Spectrometry:
Theory. Instrumentation. Sample Handling. Interpretations of Spectra. Characteristic Group Absorption of Organic Molecules.

Determination of Organic Compounds Structures on the basis of their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS and IR spectra. Structural problems solution strategies with the aim of combinations of spectrometrical methods. Analysis and solutions of problems concerning the identification of several classes of organic compounds.

Silverstein,Webster, Kiemle: “Identificazione spettrometrica di composti organici”, CEA edizioni. 3a edizione
Field, Sternhell, Kalman: “Organic Structures from Spectra”, Wiley ed. 5ft edition

Explanation of the arguments by using slides. Students participation will be encouraged by questions and observations. Exercises will be carried out with students' contribution.

Lessons will be held in classroom. Participation is not mandatory.

The examination consists in the identification of the structure of an organic compund on the basis of its IR, EI-MS and proton and carbon NMR spectra justifying the analytic procedure followed.

On the basis of IR, EI-MS, 13C e 1H NMR spectra, the student will have to determine the molecular structure