Nursing - Roma Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/04

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

ELENI ANASTASIADOU

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/04

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

ELENI ANASTASIADOU

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/04

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

GIOVANNI BERNARDINI

Activity type

Prevenzione servizi sanitari e radioprotezione

SSD

BIO/12

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANNA REALE

Activity type

Scienze medico - chirurgiche

SSD

MED/05

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

ENRICO GIARNIERI

The student must acquire adequate knowledge of:
the fundamental mechanisms of human pathological processes
the fundamental concepts of clinical pathology regarding the main causes of human disease and the methods useful for diagnosing disease
the biochemical alterations underlying or associated with human diseases and the general aspects of laboratory tests as indicators of ongoing pathological processes.

The student must have basic knowledge of inorganic and organic chemistry, biochemistry, and human physiology.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
The Cell as a Fundamental Unit of Health and Disease

Cellular Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptive Responses

Nutritional Disorders – Diabetes Mellitus

Cellular Aging

Pulmonary Pathophysiology – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Cancer


Module: GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Cell as a Fundamental Unit of Health and Disease

Cellular Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptive Responses

Nutritional Disorders – Diabetes Mellitus

Cellular Aging

Pulmonary Pathophysiology – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Cancer


Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Contents:
- Introduction to the immune system, nomenclature, general properties and components.
- Primary and secondary lymphoid organs: anatomy and functions.
- Innate or natural immunity. Cells: morphology and function of polymorphonuclear cells, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic and Natural Killer cells. Complement and cytokines.
- Adaptive or specific immunity. Characteristics: tollerance and memory. Cells: morphology and function of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. Immunoglobulins: classes and subclasses, functions, and qualitative and quantitative changes in physiology and pathology.
- HLA molecules and their role in the T cell activation.
- Regulation of the immune response. Defense against bacterial and viral infections. Role in the control of tumor growth.
- Alteration of the immune response: hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases.
- Acquired Immunodeficency Syndrome (AIDS).
- Priciple of vaccination.



Module: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
USE OF BIOCHEMICAL DATA IN CLINICAL MEDICINE
Laboratory test: definition, biological specimens.
Specific uses of biochemical tests and measure units

METABOLIC PROFILES OF DIFFERENT ORGANS AND TISSUES
Metabolic profiles: brain, heart muscle, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, kidney
Tissue/organ interrelationships in response to different physiological (fed/fasting state; stress) and pathological (diabetes, ischemia) conditions. Liver as fuel provider for other tissues. Interrelationships between liver and skeletal muscle: Cori cycle and Alanine-Glucose Cycle. Role of hormones in the interactions between tissues and organs.

DIABETES MELLITUS
Carbohydrate properties and metabolism. Hormone regulation of glucose metabolism: insulin and counter-regulatory hormones. Ketone bodies formation and physiological role.
Definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diagnostic criteria. Clinical presentation, history, pathogenesis and physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Laboratory tests in diagnosis and follow up of patients (monitoring the disease and therapy efficacy): fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urinary glucose, self-monitoring of blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, C-peptide, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Laboratory tests in acute complications: diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar non ketotic syndrome (HONK)

LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS
Lipids properties and metabolism: digestion, absorption, transport and storage. Lipoproteins: classification, composition, synthesis and metabolism. Role of Apoproteins. Lipoprotein receptors.
Laboratory tests in diagnosis and monitoring therapy: measurement of triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol; lipoprotein electrophoresis. Expected values of lipids.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
Dyslipoproteinemias: definition and classification. Atherosclerosis: plaque formation- role of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Non lipid risk factors associated with coronary artery disease (CAD).Patient's global risk and therapeutic goals of lowering LDL-cholesterol levels to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Biochemistry in physiological and pathological conditions of myocardium tissue: energy metabolism, enzymes in myocardial cells and contractile proteins in myocardial cells. Diagnostic criteria of Acute Myocardial infarction (AMI). Laboratory in the diagnosis and management of AMI: myoglobin; creatine kinase activity(CK) and determination of the isoenzyme CK-MB; troponins I and T.



Module: IMMUNOLOGY
Clinical Pathology laboratory: general aspects
Blood Count
Blood cell morphology
Plasma proteins
Urinalysis

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
ROBBINS & COTRAN
PATHOLOGIC
BASIS OF DISEASE


Module: GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ROBBINS & COTRAN
PATHOLOGIC
BASIS OF DISEASE


Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Basic Immunology. Functions and disorders of the immune systems. Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, Shiv Pillai. Editor: Elsevier


Module: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Clinical Chemistry (8th Edition): William Marshall Márta Lapsley Andrew Day; edited by Elsevier

The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry: Lee W. Janson, Marc E. Tischler; edited by Mc Graw Hill


Module: IMMUNOLOGY
Saunders Nursing Guide to Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests
Malarkey - McMorrow
Elsevier - Saunders II 2011

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
N/D
Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: IMMUNOLOGY
N/D

Teaching activities are delivered in lecture-based (frontal) format for a total of 6 ECTS credits, distributed as follows:
Immunology: 1 ECTS
Clinical Pathology: 1 ECTS
Clinical Biochemistry: 1 ECTS
General Pathology: 2 ECTS
Pathophysiology: 1 ECTS

Lectures will take place in the classroom, using multimedia presentations and, where appropriate, interactive discussion of clinical cases.

Attendance is mandatory. Students are required to attend at least two-thirds (2/3) of the total number of hours for the course in order to be admitted to the final exam.

The final exam consists exclusively of written tests for each module, in the form of multiple-choice quizzes. No oral examination is required.
The integrated teaching includes the following modules and ECTS credits:
Clinical Biochemistry – 1 ECTS
Clinical Pathology – 1 ECTS
Immunology – 1 ECTS
General Pathology – 2 ECTS
Pathophysiology – 1 ECTS

Structure of the Written Exam for Each Module
Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology, Immunology:
Written test with 10 multiple-choice questions, each with 5 answer options, only one correct. Time allowed: approx. 1 minute per question.
General Pathology, Pathophysiology:
Written test with 10 multiple-choice questions, each with 5 answer options, only one correct. Time allowed: 1 minute per question.

Passing Criteria and Final Grade
Each module must be passed individually. The final grade (expressed in thirtieths) will be the arithmetic weighed mean of the scores obtained in each written module test.

No oral exam is foreseen.

Complete blood count
Inflammatory markers
Dyslipidemia
Cardiovascular risk factors
Cardiac troponins
Liver markers
Renal function markers
Blood morphology
Tests for the diagnosis of diabetes
Plasma proteins electrophoresis
Buffy coat

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY



Module: GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY



Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

• Introduction to the immune system and componentent and roles of innate immunity


• Adaptive immunity: B cells


• Adaptive immunity: T cellsHIV.


• Hypersensitivity reactions

• Introduction to Clinical BiochemistryBiochemistry applied to organs and tissues
  • Books: The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry: Lee W. Janson, Marc E. Tischler; editore Mc Graw Hill


• Glucose homeostasisDiabetes mellitusThe laboratory for diabetes
  • Books: The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry: Lee W. Janson, Marc E. Tischler; editore Mc Graw Hill


• Lipids and lipoproteinsThe laboratory in lipid disordersThe laboratory in cardiovascular risk assessment
  • Books: The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry: Lee W. Janson, Marc E. Tischler; editore Mc Graw Hill


• Cardiovascular disordersLaboratory in the diagnosis and management of Acute Myocardial Infarction
  • Books: The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry: Lee W. Janson, Marc E. Tischler; editore Mc Graw Hill

• Clinical pathology-general aspectsThe hemochromocytometric examination. Bone marrow and blood component. Morphology of blood cells. Coagulation. Plasmatic proteins.Examination sets. Hepatic profile.Renal analysis.
  • Books: Saunders- Nursing Guide to Laboratory and Diagnostic TestsMalarkey - McMorrow Elsevier - Saunders  II 2011