PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC BASES OF DISEASES Single channel
Chair (Coordinator) and Rapporteur: GUIDO ANTONELLI
Module 1: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
- Activity type
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- SSD
- MED/46
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- ILARIA GRAZIA ZIZZARI
Module 2: Pathology and pathophysiology
- Activity type
- Scienze biomediche
- SSD
- MED/04
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 2
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- LAURA DI MAGNO
Module 3: Microbiology
- Activity type
- Scienze biomediche
- SSD
- MED/07
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 2
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- GUIDO ANTONELLI
Module 4: Anatomo pathology bases
- Activity type
- Scienze medico - chirurgiche
- SSD
- MED/08
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- ANDREA GIANNETTI
Learning outcomes
Main Educational Objectives of the Integrated Course:
1. Understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases: Analyze how alterations in normal biological functions lead to the development of diseases.
2. Know the fundamentals of general pathology: Inflammation, cellular alterations, necrosis, tumors, immunopathologies, and systemic responses to disease.
3. Acquire basic skills in laboratory medicine: Understand the use and interpretation of the most common laboratory tests in clinical practice.
4. Understand the principles of pathological anatomy: Interpret the main pathological findings at both macroscopic and microscopic levels.
5. Understand the basics of medical microbiology: Identify the main pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), mechanisms of infection, methods for studying pathogens, and the role of microorganisms in pathogenesis.
Expected Competencies:
Knowledge necessary to approach clinical disciplines in the following years of study.
Prerequisites
Students must have basic knowledge of cell biology.
Programme
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
Introduction to Laboratory Medicine:
Factors influencing laboratory data
How blood samples are taken
Handling and storage of biological samples
Reliability of an analytical result
Blood and its components, haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, iron transport and laboratory analysis to detect iron deficiency, interpretation of blood count, anaemias and diagnostic approach to anaemias Haemostasis
Serum proteins and their diagnostic significance. Basics of the structure, properties and metabolism of amino acids and plasma proteins
Basics of the structure, properties and metabolism of glucose. Determination and evaluation of blood glucose
Basics of the structure, properties and metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins.
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
Introduction to General Pathology and Pathophysiology: definitions, health and disease states, pathological manifestations, etiology and pathogenesis.
Cellular Pathology: mechanisms of cellular adaptation (hypertrophy, hypotrophy, and metaplasia); cellular injury (physical, chemical, biological causes and mechanisms); cell death (necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and tissue degeneration).
Repair Processes: regeneration and repair (differences and mechanisms), repair through regeneration, scarring (phases of scar formation, factors influencing wound healing), angiogenesis, cutaneous wound healing and fibrosis, pathological aspects of repair (keloids, contractures, dehiscence), stem cells and regenerative medicine.
Immunology and Immunopathology: the immune system, strategies for modulating the immune response (vaccines, seroprophylaxis, immunosuppression). Immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity.
Inflammatory Processes: general characteristics, acute inflammation, vascular and cellular responses, phagocytosis, morphological patterns of acute inflammation, chronic inflammation (causes, features, involved cells), granulomatous inflammation. Systemic manifestations of inflammation: fever, leukocytosis, acute-phase proteins. Thermoregulation and hyperthermia (febrile and non-febrile).
Genetic Diseases: inheritance of genetic disorders, biochemical and molecular basis of monogenic diseases, Marfan syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia. Multifactorial diseases (diabetes mellitus), monogenic diseases with atypical inheritance (Fragile X syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome).
Cancer: definitions, classification, nomenclature of benign and malignant tumors, epidemiology. Molecular basis of neoplasms: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; cancer-causing mutations. Hallmarks of cancer. Clinical aspects of neoplasms: cachexia and paraneoplastic syndromes, cancer grading and staging.
Module: Microbiology
General Properties and Structure of Bacteria
Bacterial Growth and Metabolism
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance
General Properties and Structure of Viruses
Viral Replication
Antiviral Drugs
Pathogenesis of Infections
Immune Response and Host Defense Mechanisms
Principles of Infectious Disease Diagnostics
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D
Books
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
Biochimica clinica e medicina di laboratorio (M.Ciaccio) e slides provided during lessons
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
Pontieri, Giuseppe M. “Elementi di Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale”, 4a edizione, Piccin.
Robbins e Cotran “Le basi patologiche delle malattie”, 10a edizione, Edra.
Parola, M. "Patologia Generale ed Elementi di Fisiopatologia", 2a edizione, EdiSES
Module: Microbiology
Reference text
Ignazio Castagliuolo et al. Principles of Clinical Microbiology for Nursing Sciences. Piccin 2022 978882993142-2
For further information:
Guido Antonelli, Massimo Clementi, Gianni Pozzi, Gian Maria Rossolini. Principles of Medical Microbiology - 4th Edition. Ambrosiana Publishing House, Zanichelli. 2022. ISBN: 9788808699817
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D
Bibliography
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
N/D
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
N/D
Module: Microbiology
N/D
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D
Lessons mode
Teaching of each module of the integrated course will be structured exclusively through face-to-face lessons.
Frequency
Mandatory attendance (70% threshold)
Exam mode
Written assignment with multiple-choice and open-ended questions.
Each instructor responsible for the teaching module will provide an assignment related to their module.
Example exam questions
1. Indicate which of the following statements best defines direct and indirect diagnosis:
a) Direct diagnosis refers to the detection of the pathogen or portions of it (DNA, proteins, enzymes) within the biological sample. Indirect diagnosis refers to the evaluation of the host's response to the pathogen.
b) Both evaluate the immune system's response to the entry of a pathogen into the host using different mechanisms.
c) Indirect diagnosis refers to the detection of the pathogen or portions of it (DNA, proteins, enzymes) within the biological sample. Direct diagnosis refers to the evaluation of the host's response to the pathogen.
d) Neither is used to detect the presence of the pathogen in the host.
Arguments
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
- Introduction to Laboratory Medicine: Factors influencing laboratory data, treatment and storage of biological samples, interpretation of laboratory results, reliability of analytical results, screening tests. Blood and its components, haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, iron transport and laboratory analysis to identify iron deficiency, interpretation of blood counts, anaemia and diagnostic approach to anaemia.Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
- Primary and secondary haemostasis. Haemostasis in the laboratory: bleeding time, platelet count, platelet adhesion test, platelet aggregation test, aPTT and PT assessment, fibrinopeptide determination, D-dimer assaySerum proteins and their diagnostic significance, interpretation of the proteinogram
- Overview of glucose metabolism, glucose absorption (in muscles/adipose tissue and hepatocytes), insulin, diabetic and insulinemic curves, type I and II diabetes mellitus, laboratory tests for the study of diabetes.Overview of lipid metabolism, apolipoproteins, lipoproteins and their function, laboratory diagnosis of hyperlipidaemia, laboratory tests for the assessment of cardiovascular disease.
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
- 5h: Introduction to General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Cellular Pathology
- 5h: Reparative Processes
- 2h: Immunology and Immunopathology
- 5h: Inflammatory Processes
- 2h: Genetic Diseases
- 5h: Cancer
Module: Microbiology
- General
Properties and Structure of Bacteria - Bacterial Growth and Metabolism - Antibiotics
and Antibiotic Resistance - General
Properties and Structure of Viruses - Viral Replication - Antiviral Drugs - Pathogenesis
of Infections - Immune Response and Host Defense Mechanisms - Principles
of Infectious Disease Diagnostics
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D
Sustainability goals
- Academic year2026/2027
- Degree program to which the course belongsNursing - Course G - ASL Roma 5 - Colleferro (RM)
- Mandatory presenceNo
- Languageita
- CFU6 CFU, distributed among 4 integrated didactic modules
- Total duration72 hours