Nursing - Course M - Roma Azienda S. Camillo-Forlanini (S. Camillo)

Activity type

Attività formative affini o integrative

SSD

MEDS-26/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

LUCA PIERELLI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-02/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

ROCCO PALERMO

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-03/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARIAGRAZIA CIARDO

Activity type

Scienze medico - chirurgiche

SSD

MEDS-04/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

RITA ALAGGIO

The integrated course Pathophysiological Foundations of Disease explores the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of major diseases and the structural and functional alterations associated with pathological conditions. By integrating knowledge from general pathology, microbiology, pathological anatomy, and laboratory diagnostics, students acquire the competencies needed to understand disease manifestations and interpret clinical information relevant to nursing care planning.

• Understand the molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of major human diseases.
• Correlate pathophysiological alterations with clinical symptoms.
• Use appropriate technical terminology to describe pathological processes.
• Apply basic concepts of pathophysiology to disease understanding in clinical settings.

A solid background is required in:

• Cell biology
• Biochemistry
• Human anatomy
• Human physiology

Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
• Role and organization of the clinical laboratory
• Types of laboratory tests: blood chemistry, microbiological, serological, and urine tests
• Venous and capillary sampling techniques: tools, procedures, complications
• Sample preservation and transport
• Factors affecting test accuracy: pre-analytical errors
• Proper completion of laboratory test requests
• Safety rules, PPE, and management of biological waste
• The nurse’s role in the pre-analytical phase and patient interaction



Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
General etiology: Concept of homeostasis, health, and disease state. Adaptation. Definition of Etiology and pathogenesis. Physical and chemical agents causing diseases.

Genetic pathology: Mutations and mutagenesis. Karyotype anomalies: structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes. Cytogenic disorders. Mode of transmission of pathological characters: dominant, recessive, and X-linked inheritance. Mendelian and single-gene disorders with nonclassic inheritance. Diseases due to Trinucleotide-repeat mutations and altered genomic imprinting. Mitochondrial genetic diseases. Multifactorial inheritance. Congenital non-hereditary diseases.

Cellular pathology: Cellular response to stress and noxious stimuli. Reversible and irreversible cell damage. Intracellular accumulations. Hydropic degeneration. Accumulations of lipids (Steatosis), cholesterol and cholesterol esters, proteins, glycogen, and pigments. Lysosomal storage diseases. Cellular adaptations to the stress (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia). Cell Death. Necrosis and apoptosis.

Inflammation: Cells and Receptors of inflammation. The chemical mediators of acute inflammation. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chemokines and chemotaxis. Acute inflammation phases and evolution: vascular modifications. Inflammatory exudate and edema. Phagocytosis. Chronic inflammation: phases and evolution. Granulomas from a foreign body and immunological granulomas. Repair process. Systemic manifestations of inflammation: acute-phase proteins, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and leukocytosis. Mechanisms of thermoregulation. Hyperthermia and fever. Pathogenesis and stages of fever. Fever classification.

Immunity and Immunopathology: Innate and adaptive immunity. Cells and tissues of the immune system. Humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Mechanisms of central and peripheral immune tolerance. Molecular mechanisms of loss of self-tolerance in autoimmunity pathogenesis. Immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions. Classification and mechanisms of cell and tissue damage of the hypersensitivity of types I, II, III, and IV. Clinical manifestations. Primary immunodeficiencies of innate and specific immunity and acquired immunodeficiencies.

Oncology: Definition and etiopathogenesis of tumors. Classification and nomenclature. Benign and malignant tumors. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the neoplastic cell. Dysplasia, precancerous lesions and carcinoma in situ. Phases of the neoplastic process: initiation, promotion and progression. Clinical criteria for the classification of tumors: gradation and staging. Tumor markers. Cell cycle control. Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Genomic instability. Angiogenesis, invasiveness and metastasis. Tumor dissemination.

Jaundice: Bilirubin metabolism and etiological classification and pathophysiology of Jaundices.

Diabetes Mellitus: Classification criteria. Metabolism alteration in diabetes. Biochemical alterations resulting from hyperglycemia. Acute and chronic complications of diabetes.



Module: Microbiology
N/D
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D

Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
Laposata M., Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory, McGraw-Hill
Additional materials provided by the instructor (e.g., slides, articles)
S.R. Lakhani et al, Le basi della patologia generale , CEA.



Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
It is recommend the use of one of the following books:
G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia generale e Fisiopatologia generale. Piccin
ISBN: 9788829929122
F. Celotti - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia. EdiSES.
ISBN: 9788879597357

Teaching and didactic materials are available on the course's designated Classroom webpage



Module: Microbiology
N/D
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D

Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
N/D
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
N/D
Module: Microbiology
N/D
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D

• Lectures with multimedia presentations
• Discussion of illustrative clinical cases
• Optional integrative seminars

• Mandatory attendance according to the degree program regulations.
• Attendance of at least 70% of the lectures is required.

Oral examination

• Explain the cellular mechanisms of apoptotic cell death.
• Describe the differences between acute and chronic inflammation.
• List and explain the phases of carcinogenesis.

Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine

• •    Role and organization of the clinical laboratory•    Types of laboratory tests: blood chemistry, microbiological, serological, and urine tests•    Venous and capillary sampling techniques: tools, procedures, complications•    Sample preservation and transport6 hours


• Factors affecting test accuracy: pre-analytical errors• Proper completion of laboratory test requests• Safety rules, PPE, and management of biological waste• The nurse’s role in the pre-analytical phase and patient interaction 6 hours

• General etiology of the diseases - 2hGenetic pathology - 4hCellular pathology - 4hJaundice - 1hInflammation - 6hImmunopathology - 2hDiabetes Mellitus - 1hOncology - 4h
  • Books: - G.M. Pontieri - Elementi di Patologia generale e Fisiopatologia generale. Piccin               -  F. Celotti - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia. Edises - Teaching and didactic materials  available on the course's designated Classroom webpage