Physiotherapy - Course D - Roma Azienda S.Camillo Forlanini

Activity type

Scienze interdisciplinari

SSD

FIS/07

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ARMANDO PELLICCIONI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/10

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANNA MARIA GIUSTI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/13

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

PAOLA GRAMMATICO

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/03

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

PAOLA GRAMMATICO

To acquire fundamental knowledge of the principles of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, medical genetics, and physics necessary to understand the functioning of the human body at the molecular and cellular level, and the physical bases of the methods and equipment used in the healthcare profession. In summary, the student must understand the constructive logic of biological structures and the unitary principles governing the functioning of living organisms.

Basic notions of General and Inorganic Chemistry and Basic Physics.

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
1. Introduction to Physics
2. Mechanics
3. Elements of thermology and thermodynamics
4. Electricity and magnetism
5. Fluid mechanics
6. Elements of atomic and nuclear physics



Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
Water and aqueous solutions: chemical-physical properties of water. Solubility of inorganic and organic compounds in the water. Acid-base balance. Hydrogen ion homeostasis in biological fluids: physiological buffer systems, acidosis and alkalosis.

Aminoacids: structure, chemical properties, and isoelectric point. The twenty proteogenic aminoacids (structure and physico-chemical properties). The peptide bond. Biological importance of non-protein aminoacids and peptides. Essential aminoacids.

Proteins: levels of structural organization and stabilizing interactions. Biological significance of conformational changes. Denaturation of proteins and main denaturing agents. Classification of proteins. Notes on the structure and function of some proteins: collagen, keratin and the respiratory proteins (hemoglobin and myoglobin).

Enzymes: chemical kinetics and biological catalysts. Nomenclature and classification of enzymes. Substrate specificity. Enzyme kinetics and measurement of enzyme activity. Factors influencing enzyme activity (pH, temperature, denaturing agents). Enzyme cofactors. Regulatory enzymes (allosteric chemical, covalent modification etc). Enzyme inhibition. Isoenzymes. Water-soluble vitamins and their biochemical role.

Carbohydrates: Aldoses and ketosis. Chirality and stereoisomers. Open and cyclic forms of glucose, galactose, fructose. Glycosidic bond. Principal oligosaccharides in food: sucrose, maltose and lactose. Polysaccharides and their chemical-physical properties (glycogen, starch, cellulose and other components of dietary fibre).

Lilpids: classification. Fatty acids: structure, classification, chemical and physical properties. Triglycerides. glycerophospholipids (phosphatidic acids, cephalins, lecithins) and sphingolipids. Terpenes. Sterols: classification, structure and function of cholesterol, bile acids and steroid hormones. Essential fatty acids. Derivatives of arachidonic acid (eicosanoids).

Nucleotides and nucleic acids: Defining of nucleoside, nucleotide and cyclic nucleotide. Outline of biochemical functions of nucleotides. Notes on the structure of nucleic acids.

Introduction to metabolism: biochemical thermodynamic parameters. Production, consumption and interconversion of energy in cells. Coupled chemical reactions. Molecules at high energy transfer. ATP as the universal carrier of metabolic energy. Main classes of redox enzymes. Antioxidant defense mechanisms. The pyridine nucleotide as reducing power. Anabolism and catabolism. Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways. Main mechanisms of metabolism regulation. Allosteric enzymes. Regulation of enzyme activity by covalent modification (phosphorylation and cleavage). The hormonal regulation: definition, chemical structure and mechanism of action of hormones.

Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation (steps, meaning, regulation, energy balance). Alcoholic and lactic fermentation. Glycogenolysis (steps and regulation). Gluconeogenesis (steps, meaning and regulation). The Cori cycle. The pentose phosphate pathway (steps, meaning and regulation). Glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis.

Terminal oxidative metabolism: citric acid cycle (steps, meaning and regulation, energy balance). Oxidative phosphorylation (components of the respiratory chain, inhibitors and uncoupling, brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis).

Lipid metabolism: fatty acids activation and transport into the mitochondrial matrix. Beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (steps, meaning and regulation, energy balance). Metabolism of ketone bodies.

Protein metabolism: aminoacids catabolism (transamination, oxidative deamination). Metabolic fate of ammonia (synthesis of glutamine, alanine and carbamoyl phosphate). The urea cycle (steps, meaning and regulation). Glucogenic and ketogenic aminoacids.




Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
Genetic bases of chromosomal and Mendellian inheritance, with particular regard to pathologies that require physiotherapy rehabilitation.


Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
Genetic bases of chromosomal and Mendellian inheritance, with particular regard to pathologies that require physiotherapy rehabilitation.

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
N/D
Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
Recommended books: IJP. RITTER "Fondamenti di Biochimica", Zanichelli ed. GJC

Denise R Ferrier “Le basi della biochimica”, Zanichelli ed.



Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
Thompson & Thompson
Genetica in Medicina
Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD
Edizione 2018
Edises



Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
Thompson & Thompson
Genetica in Medicina
Robert L. Nussbaum MD FACP FACMG;Roderick R. McInnes CM MD PhD FRS(C) FCAHS FCCMG;Huntington F Willard PhD
Edizione 2018
Edises

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
N/D
Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
Didactic material and reference bibliography will be provided by the teacher during the lessons


Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
INDICATED BY THE TEACHER IN THE COURSE OF THE LESSONS


Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
INDICATED BY THE TEACHER IN THE COURSE OF THE LESSONS

Frontal lectures in the classroom

Mandatory or highly recommended.

Usually a single written exam (often multiple-choice) covering the content of all integrated modules. In some cases, a subsequent oral exam is planned in each modul.

Explain the citric acid cycle (Biochemistry). Describe active membrane transport and its clinical consequences (Biology). Calculate a force or moment applied to a body lever (Physics). Interpret a pedigree of an autosomal recessive disease (Genetics).

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS



Module: BIOCHEMISTRY

• Inorganic and organic chemistry review - 5 hours - Atomic structure, periodic table of the elements, chemical bonds. Reaction equilibrium. Acid-base equilibrium. Buffer systems. The chemistry of carbon, functional groups
  • Books: Teaching
    
    materials provided by the instructor (slides, handouts) and selected sections
    
    of reference textbooks indicated during the lectures.


• Chemical
  structure and nutritional role of Macronutrients – 5 hours · Major
  macronutrients and micronutrients: structure and function. Enzymes and enzyme
  kinetics. Enzyme inhibitors. Regulatory enzymes
  • Books: Teaching materials provided by the instructor (slides, handouts) and selected sections of reference textbooks indicated during the lectures


• Principles of metabolism – 10 hours- Cellular
  Bioenergetics. Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways. Role of ATP. Carbohydrate
  Catabolism and Cellular Respiration. Degradative Metabolism of Triglycerides
  and Proteins 
  • Books: Teaching materials provided by the instructor (slides, handouts) and selected sections of reference textbooks indicated during the lectures

• The programming will follow the course of the lessons with arguments from the program.

• The programme will follow the sequence of lessons and related topics.