Physiotherapy - Course D - Roma Azienda S.Camillo Forlanini

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/09

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

3

Hours distribution

30 classroom hours

Lecturers

PIERPAOLO PANI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/16

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

3

Hours distribution

30 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARIA TERESA SANTARELLI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/17

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

GABRIELLA DOBROWOLNY

Upon completion of the course, the students will know and be able to describe and explain the anatomo-physiological principles of the human body.
They will be able to describe, compare, and distinguish the different tissue types of the body and the processes that characterize them; explain the methods used to investigate them; describe the anatomical organization of the various systems and apparatuses of the human body; and interpret their function in relation to anatomical features. They will understand the principles of cell function, particularly of excitable cells; identify the main features of the integrated functioning of organs and systems; and describe the principal control systems and their interactions in response to changes in the internal and external environment, in accordance with the principle of homeostasis.

They will be able to connect the histological and anatomical aspects of each system to its functions; describe the functions of each system in terms of reflex circuits—feedback, feedforward, or anticipatory; compare the operating principles of different systems and describe their integrated functionality; and predict system responses to specific stimulations or perturbations of function.

Finally, the students will be able to integrate the topics covered and present them coherently, offering an overall view of the histology, anatomy, and physiology of the human body—competencies that are fundamental for the informed and responsible practice of the physiotherapy profession.

Basic knowledge of biology

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
Module 1
Cellular Physiology and Homeostasis Homeostasis, body fluid compartments, mass balance, control systems. Transmembrane exchange mechanisms Cellular Neurophysiology (resting potential, action potential, graded potential) Synaptic transmission and neuronal integration
Module 2
Integrative Physiology Introduction to the endocrine system and examples of functioning according to feedback control systems (e.g., role in insulin secretion and glucagon secretion for the regulation of blood glucose) Introduction to the Nervous System: Central Nervous System, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier; Principles of sensory system transduction. The somatosensory system and pain Synaptic plasticity and memory formation Autonomic effector systems Somatic effector systems Muscle physiology Integration of endocrine, somatic nervous, and autonomic nervous aspects in the organism's responses to the environment
Module 3
Cardiovascular Physiology : Electrical activity of the heart, cardiac cycle, cardiac output and its control Blood pressure and its regulation
Module 4
Respiratory Physiology : Pulmonary ventilation (respiratory mechanics, pulmonary compliance, airway resistance). Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Gas transport in the blood. Regulation and control of ventilation; ventilation-perfusion ratio.
Module 5
Renal Physiology: Renal exchange processes: Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, and Excretion. Micturition and its control.
Module 6
Gastrointestinal Physiology : Regulation of gastrointestinal function: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases. Digestion and absorption of nutrients and water. Defecation and its control.
Module 7
Overview of the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance from an integrated perspective. Recap of the regulation and control of the main processes studied



Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
Human Anatomy Program
General principles of Anatomy and anatomical terminology.
Organization of the human body.
Clinical-functional integrations.
Locomotor system:
general information on bones and joints. Skeleton of the head. Skeleton of the trunk. Skeleton of the upper and lower limbs.
Muscular system: muscles of the skull, muscles of the neck, muscles of the thorax, muscles of the abdominal wall, muscles of the pelvis, muscles of the upper limb, muscles of the lower limb.
Circulatory system: major and minor circulation, systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation. Heart: macroscopic, microscopic, and functional anatomy, conduction system. Pericardium: general aspects. Blood vessels: structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arterial and venous vascularization of various organs and systems. Lymphatic and hematopoietic circulatory system: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow.
Upper airways (nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx); lower airways (trachea and bronchi). Lungs: external morphology and internal structure. Pleura: general aspects.
Nervous system: general aspects: Central Nervous System - macroscopic, microscopic, and functional anatomy: spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon, major afferent and efferent nerve pathways. Meninges. Arterial and venous vascularization, blood-brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid and its circulation. Peripheral Nervous System: spinal nerves, cranial nerves; autonomic nervous system (organization of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems).




Module: HYSTOLOGY
• Study Methods in Cytology and Histology: optical and electron microscopy techniques; preparation of tissues for microscopic examination. The eukaryotic cell, the subcellular organelles and the main cellular processes (cell cycle, mitosis, differentiation, stemness).
• Epithelial Tissue: structural and functional classification of epithelia; basement membrane; general structure of covering epithelia; notes on the histological organization of exocrine and endocrine glands. The thyroid gland.
• Connective Tissue: Classification; extracellular and amorphous matrix; types of cells and varieties of connective tissue.
• Adipose Tissue: general characteristics and classification into white and brown adipose tissue; plasticity of the adipose organ; adipokines.
• Cartilage Tissue: general characteristics; cell types and cell matrix; cartilage growth; hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage; functions and histophysiology of cartilage.
• Bone Tissue: general characteristics and structure of bones; classification into non-lamellar and lamellar bone; compact and spongy bone; the osteon; cell types and intercellular substance; histogenesis of bone tissue: intramembranous and endochondral ossification; bone remodeling.
• Blood: general characteristics; plasma and cell types; differential white blood cell count (leukocyte formula); blood vessels.
• Hematopoiesis and differentiative lineages.
• Muscle Tissue: general characteristics of tissue structure and its contractile properties:
• Striated Skeletal Muscle Tissue: organization of skeletal muscle from the muscle fiber to the myofibrils; sarcoplasmic reticulum, the sarcomere, and muscle contraction; cell types; satellite cells and muscle regeneration.
• Striated Cardiac Muscle Tissue
• Smooth Muscle Tissue
• Nervous Tissue general characteristics; neurons and their classification; axonal and dendritic transport; interneuronal synapses; neuroglia of the CNS and PNS; the myelin sheath and myelination; nerve fibers.

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
Choice of one of the following or similar texts.
Fisiologia Umana (a cura di), D’arcangelo, Della Volta, Felici, Maccarone, Edizioni A.L.E
Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES



Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
Bandiera, Bielli, Boccafoschi et al.: Anatomia Umana, Ed. Piccin
Carinci, Gaudio, Marinozzi: Anatomia Umana e Istologia, Ed.Edra
Artico, Castano, Cataldi et al.: Anatomia Umana, Ed. Hermes
Anastasi, Gaudio et al.: Trattato di Anatomia Umana, Ed. Edi-ermes
Martini, Tallitsch, Nath: Anatomia Umana. ED. Edises
McKinley et al.: Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Frank H. Netter: Atlante di Anatomia Umana


Module: HYSTOLOGY
- Adamo, Comoglio, Molinaro, Siracusa, Stefanini, Ziparo-ISTOLOGIA per i corsi di laurea in professioni sanitarie.-Ediz. PICCIN
- Di Felice, Dobrowolny, Ricci, Scicchitano, Viscomi-FONDAMENTI DI ISTOLOGIA-Ediz. Scientifiche Falco
- Bloom Fawcett Jensh , Elementi di Istologia.-Ediz. CIC

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
N/D
Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
N/D
Module: HYSTOLOGY
N/D

Teaching is typically lecture-based, with the option of flipped classroom and small-group work.

Attendance is mandatory and recorded by signing a paper register.

Open-ended questions with open-ended answers
Partial exams to be arranged with the respective instructors.

Describe the anatomical organization of the autonomic nervous system and the physiological features of the antagonistic control it exerts on the heart; also list the characteristics of cardiac (striated) muscle that distinguish it from smooth muscle

Module: PHYSIOLOGY

• Course presentation-Cellular physiology and homeostasis (10/11/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Endocrine System (11/11/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Nervous system (17/11/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Neuroplasticity (24/11/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Muscle Physiology (25/11/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Cardiovascular Physiology (01/12/2015)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Respiratory Physiology (02/12/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Renal Physiology (09/12/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Gastrointestinal (GI) Physiology (16/12/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizi oni A.L.EFisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES


• Integrative Physiology: Regulation of water-electrolyte and acid–base balance (22/12/2025)
  • Books: Fisiologia Umana  Edizioni A.L.E Fisiologia. Stanfield. EdiSES

• Course presentation. General principles of Anatomy and anatomical terminology. 
  • Books: Carinci, Gaudio, Marinozzi: Human Anatomy and Histology. Ed.Edra


• Locomotor system:
  
  general
  information on bones and joints. Skeleton of the head. 
  • Books: Carinci, Gaudio, Marinozzi: Human Anatomy and Histology. Ed.Edra


• Skeleton of the trunk. Skeleton of the
  upper and lower limbs.
  • Books: Carinci, Gaudio, Marinozzi: Human Anatomy and Histology. Ed.Edra


• Muscular system: muscles of the skull,
  muscles of the neck, muscles of the thorax, muscles of the abdominal wall,
  muscles of the pelvis, muscles of the upper limb, muscles of the lower limb.
  • Books: Carinci, Gaudio, Marinozzi: Human Anatomy and Histology. Ed.Edra


• Arterial, venous and lymphatic circulatory system
  • Books:  Castano, Cataldi, Artico et al.: Human Anatomy Ed.Hermes


• Respiratory System
  • Books: Castano, Cataldi, Artico et al.: Human Anatomy Ed.Hermes


• Central and Peripheral Nervous System
  • Books: Castano, Cataldi, Artico et al.: Human Anatomy Ed.Hermes

• Elements of cytology and
  histological methods The lining epithelial and glandular tissues. The
  connective tissue. Adipose tissue
  • Books: Di Felice, Dobrowolny, Ricci, Scicchitano, Viscomi-FUNDAMENTALS OF Histology-Ediz. Scientifiche Falco


• Cartilage tissue Bone tissue
  • Books: Di Felice, Dobrowolny, Ricci, Scicchitano, Viscomi-FUNDAMENTALS OF Histology-Ediz. Scientifiche Falco


• Blood and hematopoiesis
  Skeletal muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue
  • Books: Di Felice, Dobrowolny, Ricci, Scicchitano, Viscomi-FUNDAMENTALS OF Histology-Ediz. Scientifiche Falco


• Smooth muscle
  tissue. Nervous tissue
   
  • Books: Di Felice, Dobrowolny, Ricci, Scicchitano, Viscomi-FUNDAMENTALS OF Histology-Ediz. Scientifiche Falco