Biomedical Laboratory techniques

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/04

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ROBERTO RIZZI

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/05

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ESTERINA PASCALE

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/46

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ESTERINA PASCALE

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/04

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

PAOLO ROSA

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/46

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

GIORGIO MANGINO

The course aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of physiological and pathological processes related to health and disease, of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the main immunological and immunopathological reactions. The student will also acquire knowledge of the fundamentals of laboratory medicine in relation to the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, finalizing knowledge to the application in diagnostic techniques.

In order to understand the contents of the course and achieve the learning objectives, at the beginning of the teaching activities provided for by the teaching module the student must possess the knowledge of General Physiology and Human Anatomy. Basic knowledge of Biochemistry and Genetics is also important to this purpose. Additionally, familiarity with Biology is helpful.

Module: PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
Pathophysiology of the Nervous System
Pathophysiology of the Heart and Cardiocirculatory System:
Anatomy of the Heart and Blood Vessels,
Arrhythmias. Ischemic myocardial diseases, hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis.
Pathophysiology of the musculoskeletal system, Dystrophies.
Pathophysiology of blood and hemostasis.
General physiopathology of the kidney: Endocrine function of the kidney.
General pathophysiology of the liver: Metabolic, secretory and purifying function of the liver.
Advanced methodologies for the study and resolution of pathophysiological alterations.



Module: BASIS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Principles of Laboratory Medicine.
General safety standards in the biomedical laboratory. Biological risk and handling of biological samples. Chemical risk: classification and type of risk. Radioisotope risk. Separate disposal of laboratory waste.
Diagnostic value of laboratory tests: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy. Reference ranges. Principles of laboratory test interpretation. Quantities and units of measurement.
The strategy for requesting laboratory tests: screening tests, individual tests, organ profiles, diagnostic protocols, therapy monitoring, diagnostic investigations.Function markers. Early and late markers. Specific and nonspecific markers.



Module: TECHNICAL SCIENCE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Principles of clinical enzymology.
Definition of tumor markers and general characteristics. Chemical nature of tumor markers. Immunometric techniques. Inflammation markers.



Module: IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: TECHNICAL SCIENCE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D

Module: PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
General Pathophysiology and Physiology elements, of G. M. Pontieri (Aprile 2018)


Module: BASIS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
G. Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill



Module: TECHNICAL SCIENCE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises G.
Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


Module: IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: TECHNICAL SCIENCE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D

Module: PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: BASIS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D
Module: TECHNICAL SCIENCE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D
Module: IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: TECHNICAL SCIENCE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D

The adopted teaching model primarily consists of lectures, utilizing PowerPoint slides as telematic support. To enhance the student active engagement, it will be scheduled also didactic moments inspired by the "flipped classroom" approach. The lesson slides will be posted on the course Google Classroom platform before each lecture, allowing students to review them in advance. The student will find on the Google Classroom platform of the course the teaching material helpful in preparing for the exam.

Following the Regulations of the CdS, the student is required to attend educational activities, formal, non-
formal, vocational. The attendance is checked by the teachers through signature / roll call, based on
updated lists provided by the Academic Office, as established by CCL. The certificate of attendance to the
course is mandatory and required to the student to be admitted at the final exam.

The exam consists of an interview to evaluate the student's knowledge of the topics covered during the course, clarity of exposition, and property of language. To pass the exam, achieving a grade of not less than 18/30 in each module is necessary by demonstrating sufficient knowledge of the course content and expounding the topics enough. To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them logically and with appropriate scientific language.

Main sources of variability: preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical.
Reference ranges.
Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Laboratory error. Control charts.
Internal and external quality control.
Tissue specificity, enzymes and isoenzymes.
Mass and activity methods.
Immunoassays.
Difference between apoptosis and necrosis at the inflammatory level
Dynamics of cardiac repair Myocardial infarction
Cardiomyopathies, hypertrophic and dilated
Intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Difference between nephrosis and nephritis
Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Pathophysiology of genetic muscle diseases
Pathological and physiological angiogenesis
Which of the following events occurs after the initial attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells during migration?
How are protein antigens from microbes entering the body primarily captured?
How is the region of an antigen recognised by an antibody defined? Which of these substances is not a component of HAT medium?

Module: PHYSIOPATHOLOGY



Module: BASIS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE

• Principles of Laboratory Medicine.2h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• General safety standards in the biomedical laboratory. Biological risk and handling of biological samples. Chemical risk: classification and type of risk. Radioisotope risk. Separate disposal of laboratory waste. 4h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• Diagnostic value of laboratory tests: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy. Reference ranges. Principles of laboratory test interpretation. Quantities and units of measurement. 3h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• The strategy for requesting laboratory tests: screening tests, individual tests, organ profiles, diagnostic protocols, therapy monitoring, diagnostic investigations. 2h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• Function markers. Early and late markers. Specific and nonspecific markers 2h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill

• Principles of
  clinical enzymology. 3h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• Definition of tumor markers and general characteristics. 3h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• Chemical nature of tumor markers. Immunometric techniques. 4h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill


• Inflammation markers.2h
  • Books: M. Ciaccio-Elementi di Biochimica
    
    clinica e Medicina di laboratorio. Edises
    
    
    
    G.
    
    Federici-Medicina di laboratorio McGraw-Hill

• Introduction to the immune system
  • Books: Course textbook and teaching materials


• Innate immunity
  • Books: Course textbook and teaching materials


• Adaptive immunity
  • Books: Course textbook and teaching materials


• Introduction to immunopathology
  • Books: Course textbook and teaching materials