Nursing - Course V - ASL Viterbo

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

PHYS-06/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

Camilla Valentini

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-07/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

PAOLA CARLINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-10/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

ILARIA LAUDADIO

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-01/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

Gloria Pessina

1) Knowledge and Understanding:
• Acquisition of a comprehensive and integrated overview of eukaryotic cell structures and functions
• Understanding of the structure, classification, and function of biological macromolecules
• Knowledge of cellular metabolism and molecular mechanisms underlying cellular functioning
• Mastery of general and applied medical genetics principles
• Understanding of physical phenomena necessary to interpret biological processes and methodologies specific to the nursing profession
2) Applying Knowledge and Understanding (Skills):
• Acquisition of fundamental concepts in biology, biochemistry, physics, and genetics necessary to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms of the human organism
• Development of essential theoretical competencies for continuous professional profile updating
• Ability to communicate effectively using appropriate scientific terminology to describe concepts in biology, biochemistry, physics, and genetics

Knowledge at secondary school level of biology, chemistry and physics

Module:
1) Introduction
 Physical Quantities and Units of Measurement
1. Physical quantities and units of measurement
2. Fundamental measurable quantities: length, time, mass
3. Units of measurement of length, time, mass: meter (m), second (s), kilogram
(kg)
4. Derived quantities
5. International System (SI) of units of measurement
6. Multiples and submultiples of units
7. Algebra refresher: powers of ten
8. Unit conversion
9. Dimensional analysis
10. Experimental error

2) Mechanics – Part I
 Inertial Reference Systems and the First Law of Mechanics
1. Reference systems
2. Inertia principle and inertial reference frames
3. Galileo’s principle of relativity of motion
4. First Law of Mechanics
 Forces and the Third Law of Mechanics
1. Properties of forces
2. Refresher on trigonometry (sine, cosine, tangent) and vector calculus
3. Components of a force and vector addition
4. Description of some important types of forces: gravity, contact, friction
5. Third Law of Mechanics
6. Application: cervical traction
7. Application: calculation of surface force on the hip-femur joint

3) Mechanics – Part II
 Statics of the Rigid Body
1. Moment of a force
2. Condition for static equilibrium
3. Conditions of equilibrium: levers
4. Center of mass: definition and location
5. Application: human body equilibrium

 Kinematics and Dynamics of a Particle
1. Average and instantaneous velocity
2. Average and instantaneous acceleration
3. Uniform rectilinear motion
4. Uniformly accelerated motion
5. Periodic and uniform circular motion: period and angular frequency
6. Motion under gravity
7. Second Law of Mechanics

4) Fluids
 Fluid Statics
1. Fluids and solids
2. Fluid density and pressure
3. Fluid properties: Pascal’s law, Stevin’s law
4. Archimedes’ principle: buoyancy
5. Atmospheric pressure and mercury barometer
6. Open-tube manometers and measurement of relative pressure
7. Application: blood pressure measurement
 Fluid Dynamics
1. Flow rate and continuity equation
2. Bernoulli’s principle: aneurysm
3. Viscous fluid: laminar and turbulent flow
4. Viscosity
5. Viscous fluid flow: Poiseuille’s law
6. Application: blood circulation in the human body
7. Application: sedimentation velocity
8. Surface tension and capillarity

5) Energy, Work, and Heat
 Energy and Work
1. Kinetic energy, potential energy, and conservative forces
2. Conservation of mechanical energy
3. Work and non-conservative forces: work-energy theorem
4. Power
5. Conversion of mechanical energy into heat: First Law of Thermodynamics
 Thermometry and Calorimetry
1. Temperature and its measurement: Celsius and Kelvin
2. Specific heat and mechanical equivalent of heat, kilocalorie
3. Thermal equilibrium temperature
4. Latent heat

 Heat Engines and Heat Transfer
1. Heat engines
2. Application: metabolism and basal metabolic power
3. Conduction, convection, and radiation
4. Application: thermoregulation of the human body

6) Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation
 Waves
1. Nature of waves
2. Periodic waves: amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period
3. Energy and intensity of a wave
4. Standing waves
 Sound and Electromagnetic Radiation
1. Sound waves: pitch and perceived loudness (decibel)
2. Nature of electromagnetic waves and speed of light
3. Electromagnetic radiation spectrum
4. Doppler effect

7) Electric and Magnetic Forces
 Electric Force and Current
1. Electric charge and Coulomb’s law
2. Electric field
3. Electric potential energy and electric potential
4. Electric current
5. Ohm’s law
6. Power supplied by a generator and dissipated by a resistor
 Electromagnetism
1. Magnetism
2. Magnetic field
3. Magnetic forces from electric currents
4. Magnetic forces on electric currents and moving charges
5. Magnetic induction
6. Electromagnetic field and electromagnetic radiation

8) Nuclear Force and Radioactivity
 Radioactivity and Nuclear Radiation
1. Atomic structure

2. Atomic nucleus and radioactivity: alpha, beta, and gamma decay
3. Nuclear radiation and dosimetry
4. Overview of image formation in Radiology


Module:
METABOLISM GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Metabolic pathways. Anabolism and catabolism. Metabolism regulation. Congenital metabolism. Material cycles in the biosphere: carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle.

THE ENZIMI. Classification of enzymes. Coenzymes and cofactors. Isozymes. The enzyme-substrate complex: key theory and lock and theory of induced adaptation. Factors that influence enzymatic activity. Allosteric behavior of some enzymes. Enzyme dosage for diagnostic purposes. Enzymatic activity inhibitions.

CARBOIDRATES: classification.
CARBOIDRATE METABOLISM. Lactic and alcoholic fermentation. Glycolysis. Cory Cycle. Glycogen synthesis. Glycogenolysis. Via phosphate pentoses. Gluconeogenesis.

BIOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL OXIDORIDUATIONS. Krebs cycle. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation.

AZOTATE COMPOSITES AND THEIR METABOLISM. Metabolism of amino acids (deamination, transamination, decarboxylation). Urea cycle. Nitrogen bases metabolism. Purine and pyrimidine bases biosynthesis.

LIPIDES: classification
-oxidation of fatty acids. Production of ketone bodies. Cholesterol Biosynthesis.LIPID METABOLISM. Fatty acid biosynthesis. The

WATER AND SOLUTIONS.

HYDROSOLUBLE AND LIPOSOLUBLE VITAMINS




Module:
Unit 1. The Universal Features of Cells (4h)
Cell theory. Organization of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. The Chemical Components of a Cell, structure and function of biological macromolecules (Polysaccharides, proteins, Fatty Acids, nucleic acids). Enzymes and enzymatic catalysis.
Unit 2. Molecular bases of heredity (4h)
DNA. The structure of the double helix. DNA replication. DNA repair. Telomerase.
Unit 3. How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein (6h)
RNA. Transcription. Processing of eukaryotic mRNAs. The genetic code. tRNAs and ribosomes. Protein synthesis. Control of gene expression in eukaryotes: transcription factors, enhancers, regulation of chromatin structure, post-transcriptional and post-translational control.
Unit 4. Internal Organization of the CellStructure and properties of biological membranes. (6h)
Cytoplasmic organelles: nucleus, Golgi apparatus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes. Exocytosis and endocytosis. The cytoskeleton.
Unit 5. Cellular communication (2h)
Principles of cell signaling. Classes of receptors. Signal transduction.
Unit 6. Cell Division (2h)
Eukaryotic cell cycle. Mitosis. Sexual reproduction and meiosis



Module:
Biological macromolecules: nucleic acids. DNA and RNA: structure and function. Chromatin organization, chromosomes. The karyotype. Eukaryotic gene.
Gene expression: transcription, maturation of primary transcripts, genetic code, translation. Regulation of gene expression: general information.
Cell cycle: interphase, DNA replication, mitosis. Cell cycle regulation: cell cycle checkpoints and CdK-cyclin complexes.
Reproduction of multicellular organisms; meiosis and its significance, male and female gametogenesis.
Introduction to genetics: terminology (alleles, homozygous and heterozygous, dominance and recessiveness, genotype and phenotype).
General genetics: Mendel's laws and extensions to Mendelian analysis (incomplete dominance, codominance, polyallely).
Gene mutations (point, missense, silent, nonsense, neutral), genomic (aneuploidy and polyploidy), and chromosomal (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation).
Human genetics: genetic counseling and family trees. Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance. Sex-linked inheritance. Polygenic and multifactorial inheritance. Mitochondrial inheritance.
Classification of genetic diseases. Chromosomal disorders of number and structure, cytogenetic techniques. Examples of chromosomal disorders: aneuploidies. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked disorders: mechanism and examples of diseases. Mitochondrial disorders: mechanism and examples of diseases. Multifactorial disorders: mechanism and examples of diseases. Genetic counseling and malformations.
Prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis: amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, NIPT.

Module:
Adopted Textbook:
D. Scannicchio, E. Giroletti, Elementi di Fisica Biomedica, EdiSES
Recommended Textbooks:
 A.H. Cromer, Physics for Medicine, Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, Piccin
 P. Davidovits, Physics for the Health Professions, UTET Università
 V. Monaco, R. Sacchi, A. Solano, Elements of Physics, McGraw Hill


Module:
TESTI CONSIGLIATI : M. Stefani – N. Taddei - CHIMICA BIOCHIMICA E BIOLOGIA APPLICATA- Ed. Zanichelli
M.Stefani - N.Taddei – CHIMICA & BIOCHIMICA - Zanichelli


Module:
Elementi di biologia e genetica, P. Bonaldo, C. Crisafulli, R. D'Angelo, M. Francolini, S. Grimaudo, C. Rinaldi, P. Riva, M.G. Romanelli, EdiSES

Biologia. Come funziona la vita. James R. Morris, Daniel L. Hartl, Andrew H. Knoll, Robert A Lue, Melissa Michael, ZANICHELLI.

Elementi di Biologia, E. P. Solomon, C. E. Martin, D. W. Martin, L. R. Berg, EdiSES

Elementi di biologia e genetica. Raven, Johnson, Mason, PICCIN



Module:
Genetica umana e medica. Neri, Genuardi – 2024. Ed. Edra. ISBN:9788821455209
Genetica Medica Essenziale. Dallapiccola, Novelli – 2024. Ed. Falco Edizioni Scientifiche. ISBN:9791280774439

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The course is based on lectures and moments in which self-assessment tests will be proposed in the classroom with subsequent discussion of the results.
The student will be able to find on the e-learning platform the teaching material (course program, recommended texts, information relating to the course) useful for the preparation
of the exam. It is understood that slides and notes are just a guide to the exam topics, but they can never replace the recommended texts and the frontal lessons held by the teacher.

Mandatory attendance

The integrated course examination will consist of a written test with multiple-choice questions.
• 20 Applied Biology questions
• 10 Genetics questions
• 20 Biochemistry questions
• 10 Physics questions
Each question will have 5 possible answers. Only one answer will be correct.
Scoring:
• Biology and Biochemistry: Wrong Answer = 0; Correct Answer = 1.5
• Genetics and Physics: Wrong Answer = 0; Correct Answer = 3
The time allowed will be 1 hour and 15 minutes for each test.
The examination will be considered passed ONLY if the student achieves a grade greater than or equal to 18/30 in EACH of the 4 modules. The final grade will be the average of the scores from each module, weighted by the number of ECTS credits for each subject.

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