Nursing REPLICA V-ASL VITERBO

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/09

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

ELEONORA PALMA
GABRIELE RUFFOLO

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/16

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

36 classroom hours

Lecturers

ARIANNA CASINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/17

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

ARIANNA CASINI

The student acquires knowledge of the essential morphological characteristics and the relative
functioning modes of the systems, apparatuses and organs in humans and their functions. Study of the
cardiocirculatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, nervous, locomotor and genital systems.

The course aims to provide students with the skills necessary to understand and describe both the fundamental characteristics of the human body's systems and organs and their topographical distribution. Upon completion of the course, students should possess a basic understanding of tissue structure and function.
By the end of the course, students will have mastered the basic molecular principles that regulate both normal cellular and organ functions, as well as the integrated functions between the various organs of the human body. With knowledge of the basic principles of Physiology, students will be able to critically study the molecular, cellular, and integrative aspects of some important dysfunctions and will increase their interest in Physiology as a preparatory subject for understanding the proper functioning of the human body.

To effectively follow and understand the topics covered in the course, it is essential for students to possess the general notions of biology, histology, chemistry, biochemistry, and physics normally acquired in secondary school.

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
1. Cellular Physiology
- Cell membrane and its physiological properties
- Electrical properties of cellular membranes: resting potential, action potential
- Cellular junctions, receptors and transporters
- Cell membrane permeability. Diffusion and Fick's law
- Physiological mechanisms of osmotic phenomena

2. Central nervous system, excitable cells and principles of muscle contraction
- Properties and morphology of synapses, Neurotransmitters, ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, spatial and temporal summation.
- Action potential generation, Basic cellular electrophysiology and of physiological principles of action potential conduction.
- Fundamental nervous circuits: simple reflex arcs and miotatic reflexes. Orthosympathetic and parasynpathetic autonomic systems
- Skeletal muscle, structure and function of muscle proteins
- Excitation-Contratction coupling
- Types of muscle fibers and motor units
- Smooth muscles: types, activation and regulation


3. Muscle physiology
- Skeletal muscle, sarcomeres
- Muscle contraction and neuromuscular junction
- Motor units and muscle fibers
- Smooth muscle regulation and function
- Movement voluntary control: posture, tone, reflexes, role of cerebellum and basal ganglia

4. Hearth physiology
- cardiac muscle
- cardiac cycle
- Pace-maker systems of the hearth
- blood flow in the cardiovascular system
- regulation of blood pressure


5. Kidney physiology
- Hydrosaline equilibrium and compartments
- Urine formation: filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Medullary hyperosmotic environment.
- Endocrine regulation of blood and extracellular liquid volumes (RA system and BNP)
- pH regulation by renal function

6. Respiratory system
- Lung structure
- Volumes and Pressures in the lungs
- Lung perfusion and ventilation
- Compliance
- Regulation: role of chemical and nervous factors

7. Endocrine system
- Horomones:
types of hormones
hypothalamus-hypophysis axis
- Thyroid hormones
- Adrenal hormones
- Insulin and glucagone
- Gonadotropins

8. Gastrointestinal Physiology
- Gastrointestinal system structure and enteric nervous system
- Digestion
- Structiure and function of smooth gsatrointestinal muscle
- Secretions: acids, bases and enzymes
- Functions of intestinal epithelium and nutrients' absorption.



Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
PROGRAM:1) General anatomy.Concept of cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus. Concept of Systematic Anatomy and Topographic Anatomy. Anatomical Terminology: anatomical planes and axes of movement. Structure of the organs and bodies filled hollow organs. Mucous membranes and serous membranes. General principles of body building. The four fundamental tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue.2) Systematic Anatomy.Locomotor apparatus: general information on bones, joints and muscles. Appendicular and axial skeleton. The main muscle groups of the head (and mimic muscles of mastication), trunk and limbs. Splanchnology: gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy of the following basic equipment:Digestive System: mouth (salivary glands), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine (small and large intestine), liver, biliary tract, pancreas, peritoneum.Respiratory system: nasal cavity, larynx, trachea and bronchi, lungs, pleura.Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.Male genitalia: testis and spermatic tract. Glands attached to the sperm-way: the seminal vesicles, prostate.Female genitalia: ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina.Circulatory system: The blood-circulatory system: heart and pericardium, the blood-vessels of lesser circulation (pulmonary artery and veins) and the largest circulation (aorta and its branches, hollow veins and their tributaries, portal vein and portal circulation). The circulatory system, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. Adjoining the circulatory organs: the spleen.Central nervous system: spinal cord and brainstem, and cerebellum, tectal plate, diencephalon and telencephalon. Cerebral ventricles, meninges.Peripheral nervous system: observations on cranial nerves, spinal nerves, nerve plexus.Autonomic nervous system: anatomical and functional organization of the system generally sympathetic and parasympathetic system.


Module: HISTOLOGY
Epithelial lining tissue: morpho-functional characteristics, classification and anatomical distribution.
Glandular epithelial tissue: classification of exocrine and endocrine glands and their anatomical distribution.
Tissues of mesenchymal origin: general characteristics; cells and extracellular matrix.
Classification and morpho-functional characteristics of the connective tissue proper and of the adipose tissue.
Supportive connective tissues: cartilage tissue and bone tissue. Morpho-functional characteristics of the different types of cartilage and notes on their anatomical distribution.
Notes on the morpho-functional characteristics of non-lamellar bone tissue. Main morpho-functional characteristics of compact and spongy lamellar bone tissue; anatomical distribution. Outline of the ossification process.
Connective tissue with trophic function: blood and lymph. General characteristics of blood. Plasma and corpuscular elements (erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes). Leukocyte formula.
Lymphoid tissue: morpho-functional organization of the lymphoid tissue. Primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bone marrow) and secondary (lymph nodes, spleen and mucous-associated lymphoid tissue).
Muscle tissue: morpho-functional characteristics of striated (skeletal and cardiac) and smooth muscle tissue. Anatomical distribution.
Nervous tissue: morpho-functional characteristics of the neuron and glial cells. Nerve fibers. Synapses. Notes on the transmission of the nerve impulse.

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
N/D
Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
 Ambrosi G. et al.: Anatomia dell’Uomo, Ed. Edi-Ermes.
 
Anatomia Umana, Martini-Timmons-Tallitsch, EDISES - IV Edizione
 
Elementi di Anatomia, Istologia e Fisiologia dell’Uomo, Martini-Bartholomew, EDISES - I Edizione 



 Anatomia & fisiologia
di Saladin Kenneth S.
 Anatomia e istologia umana - con tavole di F.H. Netter - Autore/i: Carinci - Gaudio - Marinozzi - Morini - Onori | Editore: Elsevier - Masson



Module: HISTOLOGY
E’ data piena libertà allo studente di scegliere il testo secondo i propri intendimenti, esistendone di ottimi e vari in commercio. Comunque, a puro titolo informativo, si riportano i seguenti:
Testi consigliati:
 Anatomia e fisiologia.
NETTER F.H., THIBODEAU G.A. Ed Edra
 Elementi di anatomia e fisiologia dell'uomo. Con espansione online
Elaine N. Marieb,Suzanne M. Keller/ III edizione, Zanichelli
 Ambrosi G. et al.: Anatomia dell’Uomo, Ed. Edi-Ermes.

 Fondamenti di anatomia e fisiologia. Con software di simulazione
Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, E. F. Bartholomew IV ed, Edises
 Anatomia e istologia umana - con tavole di F.H. Netter - Autore/i: Carinci - Gaudio - Marinozzi - Morini - Onori | Editore: Elsevier - Masson

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
N/D
Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
N/D
Module: HISTOLOGY
N/D

Frontal lectures and interactive practical lessons

Module: PHYSIOLOGY
Mandatory presence.


Module: HUMAN ANATOMY
At least 65% of the lessons are compulsory



Module: HISTOLOGY
At least 65% of the lessons are compulsory

The level of learning achieved will be assessed through a structured oral exam to assess students' knowledge of anatomy/physiology/histology.
Interim tests covering parts of the program may be required.

For example, questions will be presented during the lessons

Module: PHYSIOLOGY

• Cellular Physiology and basic mechanisms of synaptic transmission 
  • Books: Netter’s Fisiologia. Piccin.Belfiore: Fisiologia Umana. EdiErmesKlinke, Pape, Kurtz, Silbernag Fisiologia. Edises.


• Muscle Physiology and Contraction
  • Books: Netter’s Fisiologia. Piccin.Belfiore: Fisiologia Umana. EdiErmesKlinke, Pape, Kurtz, Silbernag Fisiologia. Edises.


• Physiology of the cardiovascular system
  • Books: Netter’s Fisiologia. Piccin.Belfiore: Fisiologia Umana. EdiErmesKlinke, Pape, Kurtz, Silbernag Fisiologia. Edises.


• Physiology of the Urinary System
  • Books: Netter’s Fisiologia. Piccin.Belfiore: Fisiologia Umana. EdiErmesKlinke, Pape, Kurtz, Silbernag Fisiologia. Edises.


• Respiratory system Physiology
  • Books: Netter’s Fisiologia. Piccin.Belfiore: Fisiologia Umana. EdiErmesKlinke, Pape, Kurtz, Silbernag Fisiologia. Edises.


• Endocrine and gastrointestinal system physiology
  • Books: Netter’s Fisiologia. Piccin.Belfiore: Fisiologia Umana. EdiErmesKlinke, Pape, Kurtz, Silbernag Fisiologia. Edises.