Occupational therapy - Course A - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/04

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

PATRIZIA MANCINI

Activity type

Scienze medico chirurgiche

SSD

MED/08

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

BRUNA CERBELLI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/07

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ENRICO MANSUETI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/05

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ILARIA GRAZIA ZIZZARI

The course on Pathophysiological bases of diseases aims to provide the basic knowledge to make the student able to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate pathological processes in humans. The aim of the knowledge of the etiopathogenetic bases of diseases and pathological processes constitutes the indispensable substrate for understanding how to find solutions to everyday and professional problems by intervening for preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative and complementary purposes.

In order to understand the course content and achieve the learning objectives, students must possess basic school knowledge of biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. These notions allow them to address the concepts of cellular organization and molecular processes, which form the basis of pathological anatomy, microbiology, general pathology, and clinical pathology.

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE
Etiology and pathogenesis. Concept of health and disease.
Adaptive responses to cell damage: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy.
Cell damage and death.
Physical agents as the cause of disease. Exciting and ionizing radiations: classification and effects on matter.
Thermal energy transfer pathologies: local and general action of high and low temperatures.
Chemical agents as the cause of disease. Environmental pollution. Asbestos. Radon.
Body defenses against etiological agents of diseases: innate response, acute and chronic inflammation, immune response.
Healing.
Pathophysiology of fever.


Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
Role of the Pathologist
Cerebral Edema
Hydrocephalus
Morphological findings and correlations with the etiology and natural history of cerebral circulatory disorders: extradural hematoma, subdural hematoma, aneurysms, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, infarction.
Infectious CNS diseases (meningitis, encephalitis)
Central nervous system tumors: clinicopathological and biomolecular aspects
Main morphological findings of degenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, Demyelinating diseases: Multiple Sclerosis


Module: MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
Purposes of Microbiology. General bacteriology: morphology, structure, and function of bacterial cells. Notes on reproduction. Modes of transmission of infectious diseases. Mechanisms of pathogenic action of bacteria; conventional and opportunistic pathogens. Protein toxins and endotoxin. Antimicrobial agents: classification and mechanisms of action of the main antibacterials and main mechanisms of resistance (antibiogram). General virology: definition of viruses, composition, and architecture of the viral particle.


Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
Introduction to Laboratory Medicine:
Factors influencing laboratory data
How blood samples are taken
Handling and storage of biological samples
Reliability of an analytical result

Blood and its components, haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, iron transport and laboratory analysis to detect iron deficiency, interpretation of blood count, anaemias and diagnostic approach to anaemias Haemostasis

Serum proteins and their diagnostic significance. Basics of the structure, properties and metabolism of amino acids and plasma proteins

Basics of the structure, properties and metabolism of glucose. Determination and evaluation of blood glucose

Basics of the structure, properties and metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins.

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE
"Elementi di Patologia Generale"
G.M. Pontieri
Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie
Ed. Piccin
bibliographic references and teaching materials provided by the teacher during the course




Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
Anatomia patologica: la sistematica
Gallo-d'Amati
2a edizione
Edra


Module: MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
Elementi di Microbiologia e Microbiologia clinica Paola Cipriani e Giordano Dicuonzo McGrawHill Editore


Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
Biochimica clinica e medicina di laboratorio (M.Ciaccio) e slides provided during lessons

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE
N/D
Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
N/D
Module: MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
N/D
Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
N/D

The teacher delivers the frontal teaching in the traditional way, with audiovisual aids and with the scheduling of the lessons.

The attendance is mandatory. The student can take the exam if he reaches al least 67% of the total number of admissions.

Knowledge will be assessed through a separate written and oral exam.
The written exam is designed to assess the acquisition of basic knowledge of the course modules through multiple-choice and/or open-ended questions.
The oral exam allows students to deepen their knowledge and demonstrate their ability to critically interpret the topics and issues covered during the course, to connect the various topics covered, and to evaluate the appropriateness of scientific language.
To pass the exam, students must achieve a score of at least 18/30, calculated as the weighted average of the scores obtained in the individual module exams. To achieve a score of 30/30 with honors, students must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to connect them in a logical and coherent manner.

The questions focus on topics covered in class and included in the syllabus provided to students at the beginning of class.
Some examples include: cerebral edema; aneurysm; infarction; central nervous system tumors; Alzheimer's disease; multiple sclerosis; bacterial cell morphology, structure, and function; conventional and opportunistic pathogens; protein toxins and endotoxin; definition of viruses, composition, and architecture of the viral particle; burns; pathophysiological mechanism of fever; effects of ionizing and excitant radiation; vascular and cellular phases of acute inflammation; granuloma; healing mechanism; blood sampling; reliability of analytical results; interpretation of complete blood counts; diagnostic approach to anemia; serum proteins and their diagnostic significance; blood glucose; cholesterol; and cerebrospinal fluid sampling and analysis.

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE

• Definition of etiology and pathogenesis. Concepts of health and disease. Cellular adaptations to injury. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis. Exciting and ionizing radiation and their effects on matter.
  • Books: Recommended texts plus teaching materials provided by the instructor


• Thermal energy transfer disorders. Heat and cold as causes of disease. Chemical agents as causes of disease. Environmental pollution. Innate response. Acute inflammation: definition. Key signs of inflammation. Cells involved in the inflammatory process
  • Books: Recommended texts plus teaching materials provided by the instructor


• Chemical mediators of inflammation. Dynamics of acute inflammation: vascular and cellular phenomena. Exudate: definition, mechanism of formation, and types of exudate. Chronic inflammation: definition. Hypersensitivity granuloma and foreign body granuloma: definition, formation, and formation.
  • Books: Recommended texts plus teaching materials provided by the instructor


• Healing by regeneration and repair. Skin wound healing. Scar formation. Fever.Antigen presentation and recognition. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
  • Books: Recommended texts plus teaching materials provided by the instructor


• Linfociti B e T. Cellule CD8+ e CD4+. Complesso maggiore di istocompatibilità. Anticorpi. Risposta acquisita cellulo-mediata.Reazioni di ipersensibilità. Autoimmunità. Trapianti. Immunodeficienze.
  • Books: Recommended texts plus teaching materials provided by the instructor

• Role of the pathologist. Brain edema. Hydrocephalus


• Morphological pictures and correlations with the etiology and natural history of cerebral circulatory disorders: extradural hematoma, subdural hematoma, aneurysms, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, infarction.


• Infectious diseases of the CNS (meningitis, encephalitis) Central nervous system tumors: clinicopathological and biomolecular aspects.Main morphological pictures of degenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, Demyelinating diseases: Multiple Sclerosis

• Purposes of Microbiology. Introduction to microorganisms in the living world. General bacteriology: morphology, structure, and function of bacterial cells. Notes on reproduction.
  • Books: Elements of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Paola Cipriani and Giordano Dicuonzo McGrawHill Publisher


• Transmission modes of infectious diseases. Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenic action; conventional and opportunistic pathogens. Protein toxins and endotoxin.
  • Books: Elements of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Paola Cipriani and Giordano Dicuonzo McGrawHill Publisher


• Antimicrobial agents: classification and mechanisms of action of the main antibacterials and main mechanisms of resistance (antibiogram)
  • Books: Elements of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Paola Cipriani and Giordano Dicuonzo McGrawHill Publisher


• General virology: definition of viruses, composition, and architecture of the viral particle. Overview of replication mechanisms. Mechanisms of viral pathogenic action. Overview of antiviral agents.
  • Books: Elements of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Paola Cipriani and Giordano Dicuonzo McGrawHill Publisher

• Introduction to Laboratory Medicine: Factors influencing laboratory data, Blood sampling methods, Processing and storage of biological samples, Reliability of an analytical result


• Blood and its components, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, iron transport, and laboratory tests to identify iron deficiencies, interpretation of complete blood counts, anemia, and the diagnostic approach to anemia. Hemostasis


• Serum proteins and their diagnostic significance. Basic notions on the structure, properties, and metabolism of amino acids and plasma proteins.


• Basics of the structure, properties, and metabolism of glucose. Determination and assessment of blood glucose levels. Basics of the structure, properties, and metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins. Sampling and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.