Biomedical Laboratory techniques - Course F - ASL Rieti

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/08

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

FABRIZIO LIBERATI

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/08

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

FABRIZIO LIBERATI

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/46

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

FRANCESCA MEGIORNI

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/08

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANNARITA SCORZONI

Activity type

Scienze e tecniche di laboratorio biomedico

SSD

MED/46

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

LAURA MASUELLI

At the end of the course, the student must understand the role of Pathological Anatomy within medical sciences, as well as the general organization of a Pathology Laboratory and the main techniques commonly employed.
The student should also be able to contribute to the proper operation of the laboratory, recognizing the key managerial and technical responsibilities of the Biomedical Laboratory Technician, with particular reference to:
- verification and acceptance of biological samples;
- assessment of request conformity;
- planning and execution of the analytical phase using appropriate methods and technologies, in compliance with laboratory quality standards;
- critical evaluation of result reliability through adequate quality control procedures.

In order to properly learn the contents of the course and achieve the intended objectives, at the beginning of the teaching activities the student must possess adequate knowledge of normal Anatomy and Histology, Biology, Genetics, Physiology and General Pathology.

Module: INSTITUTIONS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
Breast cancer, cardiovascular disease
Lung cancer
Female genital tract cancer
Neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
Thyroid cancer


Module: CYTOPATHOLOGY
Theoretical and practical foundations of diagnostic cytopathology. Main topics: types of cytological specimens (exfoliative, aspirative, brushing), preparation and staining techniques, principles of gynecological and non-gynecological cytology, quality criteria, and the biomedical laboratory technician’s role in the diagnostic process. Microscopic observation of slides and simulations of sample preparation.


Module: TECHNOLOGIES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
§ Origins and evolution of pathological anatomy
§ Acceptance, analysis and reporting of the sample
§ Histological diagnosis: biopsy, preparation of histological preparations, main stains of the
slides, microscope observation
§ Cytological diagnosis: types of examination and sampling methods, preparation of cytological preparations,
observation under the microscope
§ Electron microscopy
§ Immunohistochemistry
§ Flow cytometry
§ Hybridization in situ (fluorescent and non-fluorescent methods)
§ Tissue microarrays
§ Extraction and quantification of proteins
§ Western blotting
§ Extraction of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) from fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues: methods
manuals and commercials
§ Quantification of nucleic acids
§ Amplification by PCR and gel electrophoresis
§ Real Time PCR
§ Expression microarrays
§ Sequencing
§ Next Generation Sequencing
§ Sensitivity and specificity
§ Laboratory techniques and importance in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the individual patient


Module: TECHNOLOGIES OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
• The pathology laboratory: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases.
• Histological diagnosis: biopsy, preparation of histological specimens, main histochemical stains.
• Cytological diagnosis: types of examination and sampling methods, preparation of cytological specimens.
• Immunohistochemistry.
• Introduction to molecular biology in pathological anatomy.


Module: ULTRASTRUCTURAL TECHNIQUES
The transmission electron microscope
Transmission electron microscopy techniques
Biomedical applications of electron microscopy:
pathologies of the cilia
kidney disease
storage diseases
Ultrastructural immunolabeling
The scanning electron microscope
Differences between transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Module: INSTITUTIONS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
Robbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Patologia generale.
Slides provided at the end of the lessons.


Module: CYTOPATHOLOGY
Robbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Patologia generale.
Slides provided at the end of the lessons.


Module: TECHNOLOGIES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
L. Ruco, A. Scarpa: Anatomia patologica- Le Basi. 2007 Edra.
Didactic material presented during the lessons will be provided to students or in electronic format. Useful material will also be recommended for further study.


Module: TECHNOLOGIES OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
- Robbins and Cotran. The Pathological Basis of Disease. General Pathology
- Slides provided at the end of the lessons


Module: ULTRASTRUCTURAL TECHNIQUES
Slides.

Module: INSTITUTIONS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
N/D
Module: CYTOPATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: TECHNOLOGIES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D
Module: TECHNOLOGIES OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
N/D
Module: ULTRASTRUCTURAL TECHNIQUES
N/D

In person lectures.

Mandatory.

Assessment of learning outcomes will be achieved through oral questions and discussions of topics covered in class in the various modules of the integrated course. To pass the exam, a grade of at least 18/30 is required for each module.

Sample questions:
Describe the stages of a histological preparation.
What is a Pap smear: method and significance of the test.
Staging of breast cancer.

Module: INSTITUTIONS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

• 8 lessons of 2.5 hours each which explain the various topics of the module's program.
  • Books: Suggested text and slides.

• 4 lessons of 2.5 hours each which explain the various topics of the module's program.
  • Books: Recommended text and slides.

• Lesson 1 - November 12, 2025: Laboratory Analysis. Specificity and Sensitivity. Pathology. Biopsies. Histological Preparations. Staining of Histological Preparations.
  • Books: Suggested text and slides.


• Lesson 2 - November 25, 2025: Cytological Preparations and Specific Stains. Flow Cytometry in Pathology.
  • Books: Suggested text and slides.


• Lesson 3 - December 2, 2025: Immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence. Gene Expression Assessment by Tissue Arrays. Western Blotting.
  • Books: Suggested text and slides.


• Lesson 4 - December 16, 2025: In situ Hybridization (Fluorescence, Enzyme-Based). PCR and Real-Time PCR. Introduction to Standard and Next-Generation Nucleic Acid Sequencing. The Pathology Laboratory in Tumor Staging and Specific Viral/Bacterial Pathologies.
  • Books: Suggested text and slides.

• 4 lessons of 2.5 hours each in which the various topics of the module program are explained.
  • Books: Suggested text and slides.

• Ultrastructural technology - 3 lectures.
  • Books: Slides.