Nursing - Roma Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-10/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

ROSSELLA MAIONE

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

PHYS-06/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

Giuseppe Marzo

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-07/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARZIA ARESE

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-01/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARIA PIANE

The student will acquire the foundation for understanding the functioning of the cell and the human body

By the end of the course, the student must:
• Be able to enunciate and explain a fundamental law of physics, by using the appropriate notation and the correct symbols for the physics quantities they represent.
• Be able to recognize and apply the fundamental physics laws that are needed to explain a physics phenomenon in a context that is either generic, applied to medicine or applied to biology.
• Explain the atomic structure and the features of the periodic table of elements.
• Understand the concentration units stated on the labels of chemical substances for medical treatments and know how to use it.
• Recognize the main classes of biological molecules based on functional groups and establish their respective structure/function relationships.
• Recognize the main catabolic or anabolic pathways of cell metabolism.
• Delineate the main aspects of structural and functional organization of cells and sub-cellular compartments.
• Have a clear view of the flow of genetic information and be able to explain the mechanisms by which genetic traits and diseases are inherited.

An adequate preparation, attained during high-school studies, demonstrating the knowledge of the elementary principles of Chemistry, Physics and Biology.

Module: Biochemistry
-Introduction to cell biology
Properties of living organisms
Main classes of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Viruses

-Cellular structure and function
Cell membrane and transport
Cell compartments
Cytoskeleton and cell motility
Interactions between cells and their environment

-Storage and transmission of genetic information
The structure and function of the DNA
Chromatin and chromosomes
DNA replication

-Expression of genetic information
Transcription and RNA maturation
Genetic code and translation
Regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation


-The cellular basis of reproduction
Cell cycle and mitosis
Sexual reproduction and genetic variability.
Haploidy and diploidy
Meiosis, gametogenesis and fertilization

-Outline of the main diagnostic and therapeutic applications of biotechnologies
DNA manipulation and analysis
Gene therapy
Stem cells



Module: BIOLOGIA
Physical Quantities
Fundamental physical quantities. The International System (SI). The scientific method. Models in physics. Measurement. Measuring instruments. Uncertainty interval and measurement uncertainty. Absolute and relative error. Scalar and vector quantities. Vectors. Graphical representation of a vector. Composition and decomposition of vectors. Operations with vectors.

Kinematics
Reference systems. Position–time law. Definition of velocity and acceleration. Uniform circular motion. Tangential velocity and centripetal acceleration. Period and frequency.

Dynamics
Concept of force. The laws of dynamics. Weight force, elastic force, friction.

Work and Energy
Definition of work, power, and energy. Kinetic and gravitational potential energy. Principle of conservation of energy. Mechanical energy and the principle of conservation of mechanical energy.

Statics
Equilibrium of a material point. Equilibrium of a rigid body. Moment of a force. Levers, with examples related to the human body.

Fluids
Concept of pressure. Hydrostatic equilibrium. Pascal’s principle. Stevin’s law. Atmospheric pressure. Steady flow. Continuity equation. Bernoulli’s theorem. Poiseuille’s law.

Thermology
Thermal equilibrium. Thermometers and temperature scales. Heat and calorie. Heat conduction.

Electrology
Electric charge. The atom. Coulomb’s law. Electric field. Electric potential. Capacitance. Electric current. Ohm’s law. Electric circuit. Joule effect. Application of concepts to the cell.



Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
1) Basic Chemistry:
- The atom and the chemical bond, the periodic table, electronegativity, octet rule.
- Inorganic and organic molecules: structure, functional groups.
- Groundwork on the gaseous state: parameters and laws. Air composition, properties of oxygen and toxic gases. Henry's Law: hyperbaric chambers.
- Physico-chemical properties of water; polarity, hydrogen bond.
- Solutions: definition and concentration measurement.
- Electrolytes.
- Colligative properties: the osmotic pressure. Hydro-saline balance: edema and dehydration. Passive diffusion: the dialysis.
- Acids and bases. pH, notes about biological buffers.
2) Structure and function of biological molecules:
- Carbohydrates. Mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides. (glucose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, cellulose), insight on blood groups and on glycosaminoglycans.
- Lipids and biological membranes. (cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides); biological membranes.
- Amino acids and proteins. Structure-function relationships. Membrane and cytosolic proteins.
- insights on protein models such as: Hemoglobin. Myoglobin, Collagen, Immunoglobulins, Na+/K+pump, receptors, ATP synthase.
- Hints on the biological and enzymatic reactions.
- Hints on energy metabolism.
- Overview on the structure and function relationship of nucleotides and nucleic acids.



Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
Structure and function of DNA

From DNA to proteins: transcription, RNA splicing, the genetic code, translation.
Organization of the human genome

Genes and gene mutations

Origin of mutations: point mutations, deletions, insertions, splice-site mutations, dynamic mutations.
Human chromosomes: number, structure, and function.

Chromosomal abnormalities

Normal and pathological human karyotype
Relationships among gametogenesis, meiosis, and segregation

Mendelian inheritance

Heritable trait, gene, allele, locus
Mendel’s laws: dominance and recessiveness; phenotype and genotype.
Pedigree analysis: symbols and notation.

Model of Transmission of Mendelian traits

Classification of genetic diseases
Examples of monogenic disorders with Mendelian transmission: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive.

Non-Mendelian inheritance

Module: Biochemistry
• Campbell, & Reece. Biologia e genetica Ed. Pearson.
• Sadava, Heller, Orians, Purves, Hillis Elementi di Biologia e Genetica. Ed. Zanichelli.
• Bonaldi, Crisafulli, D’Angelo, Francolini et al. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica. Ed. EdiSES.
• Solomon, Berg, Martin. Elementi di Biologia. Ed. EdiSES.
• Roberti, Alunni Bistocchi, Antognelli, Talesa. Biochimica e Biologia. Ed. McGraw-Hill
Additional texts will be agreed with the teacher during the course


Module: BIOLOGIA
Contessa, Gian Marco & Marzo, Giuseppe Augusto. Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche. Con espansione online. CEA (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) / Zanichelli, 2019. ISBN 978-88-08-82032-7


Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
Choose among the following, the English version to be considered:
- Samaja, Paroni “Chimica e Biochimica” Ed. Piccin
- Bertoldi, Colombo " Chimica e Biochimica " EdiSES
- Stefani, Taddei “Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia applicata” Zanichelli
- Marinello, Raggi. “Elementi di Chimica e Biochimica Medica”. Ed ETS
- Roberti, Alunni Bistocchi. "Biochimica e biologia per le professioni sanitarie" Ed. Mc Graw Hill Education.
- Catani, Gasperi “Appunti di Biochimica per le lauree triennali” PICCIN



Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
Biologia e Genetica N A. Campbell e J B. Reece:. Pearson

Elementi di biologia e genetica. William K. Purves, David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, H. Craig Heller: Ed Zanichelli

Genetica umana e medica (Neri, Genuardi) Ed. Elsevier Masson

Links consigliati: Mendelian Inheritance in Man : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/

Module: Biochemistry
N/D
Module: BIOLOGIA
N/D
Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
N/D
Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
N/D

Classroom lessons and exercises.
Self-assessment tests by which the student can monitor his/her learning throughout the course and, if necessary, fill the gaps by meetings with the teachers.

Only those students who have attended at least 67% of the lessons are admitted at the exam

Final assessment of the student's achievements of the expected learning outcomes by written and oral exam.

Written test consists of multiple choice questions, with some parts to fill in the blank and short open answers, one open question (ex. short image description).

Module: Biochemistry

• -         
  Introduction to cell biology
  
  Properties of living organisms
  
  Main classes of biological
  molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
  
  Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
  cells. Viruses
  • Books: see textbook section (testi)


• -         
  Cellular structure and function
  
  Cell membrane and transport
  
  Cell compartments
  
  Cytoskeleton and cell motility
  
  Interactions between cells and
  their environment
  • Books: see textbook section (testi)


• -         
  Storage and transmission of genetic information
  
  The structure and function of
  the DNA
  
  Chromatin and chromosomes
  
  DNA replication
  • Books: see textbook section (testi)


• -         
  Expression of genetic information
  
  Transcription and RNA
  maturation
  
  Genetic code and translation
  
  Regulation of gene expression
  and cell differentiation
  • Books: see textbook section (testi)


• -         
  The cellular basis of reproduction Cell cycle and mitosis Sexual reproduction and genetic variability.
  
  Haploidy and diploidy. Meiosis, gametogenesis and fertilization
  • Books: see textbook section (testi)


• - Outline of the main diagnostic and therapeutic applications of biotechnologies.DNA manipulation and analysis.Gene therapy.Stem cells.
  • Books: see textbook section (testi)

• - **Physical Quantities** Fundamental physical quantities. The
  International System (SI). The scientific method. Models in physics.
  Measurement. Measuring instruments. Uncertainty interval and measurement
  uncertainty. Absolute and relative error. Scalar and vector quantities. Vectors.
  Graphical representation of a vector. Composition and decomposition of vectors.
  Operations with vectors.- **Kinematics** Reference systems. Position–time
  law. Definition of velocity and acceleration. Uniform circular motion.
  Tangential velocity and centripetal acceleration. Period and frequency.
  • Books: Contessa, Gian Marco & Marzo, Giuseppe
    
    Augusto. Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche. Con espansione online. CEA
    
    (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) / Zanichelli, 2019. ISBN 978-88-08-82032-7


• - **Dynamics** Concept of force. The laws of
  dynamics. Weight force, elastic force, friction.- **Work and Energy** Definition of work, power, and
  energy. Kinetic and gravitational potential energy. Principle of conservation
  of energy. Mechanical energy and the principle of conservation of mechanical
  energy.
  • Books: Contessa, Gian Marco & Marzo, Giuseppe
    
    Augusto. Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche. Con espansione online. CEA
    
    (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) / Zanichelli, 2019. ISBN 978-88-08-82032-7


• - **Statics** Equilibrium of a material point.
  Equilibrium of a rigid body. Moment of a force. Levers, with examples related
  to the human body.- **Fluids** Concept of pressure. Hydrostatic
  equilibrium. Pascal’s principle. Stevin’s law. Atmospheric pressure. Steady
  flow. Continuity equation. Bernoulli’s theorem. Poiseuille’s law.
  • Books: Contessa, Gian Marco & Marzo, Giuseppe
    
    Augusto. Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche. Con espansione online. CEA
    
    (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) / Zanichelli, 2019. ISBN 978-88-08-82032-7


• - **Thermology** Thermal equilibrium. Thermometers
  and temperature scales. Heat and calorie. Heat conduction.- **Electrology** Electric charge. The atom. Coulomb’s
  law. Electric field. Electric potential. Capacitance. Electric current. Ohm’s
  law. Electric circuit. Joule effect. Application of concepts to the cell.
  • Books: Contessa, Gian Marco & Marzo, Giuseppe
    
    Augusto. Fisica applicata alle scienze mediche. Con espansione online. CEA
    
    (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana) / Zanichelli, 2019. ISBN 978-88-08-82032-7

• Atomic structure, the periodic table, and the
  octet rule (week 1)
  • Books: see textbook section


•  Chemical bond in relevant
  molecules: water, ammonia, methane, sodium cloride (week 2)


• gaseous state: molecular oxygen and air composition (week 3)


• Solutions: Concentration and
  Electrolytes (strong and weak), osmosis (week 3, second part)


• Acids and bases (weak and strong) and pH (week 4)


• lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids,
  triglycerides); biological membranes (week 5)


• Carbohydrates (glucose and
  blood groups insight) (week 5, second part)


• Amino acids and proteins (cytosolic and membrane) in
  depth: Globins (hemoglobin/myoglobin), collagen, insulin, Na+/K+ pump, ATP
  synthase. Notes on biological and enzymatic
  reactions. (week 6)


• Overview on energy metabolism, catabolic/anabolic
  pathways, and ATP.Overview on the structure and function of nucleotides and
  nucleic acids. (week 7)

• Organization of the human genome Genes and gene mutations Origin of mutations: point mutations, deletions, insertions, splice-site mutations, dynamic mutations.Human chromosomes: number, structure, and function.
  • Books: Biologia e Genetica N A. Campbell e J B. Reece:. PearsonElementi di biologia e genetica. William K. Purves, David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, H. Craig Heller:  Ed Zanichelli


• Chromosomal abnormalities Normal and pathological human karyotypeRelationships among gametogenesis, meiosis, and segregation
  • Books: Biologia e Genetica N A. Campbell e J B. Reece:. PearsonElementi di biologia e genetica. William K. Purves, David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, H. Craig Heller:  Ed Zanichelli


•  Mendelian inheritance Heritable trait, gene, allele, locusMendel’s laws: dominance and recessiveness; phenotype and genotype.Pedigree analysis: symbols and notation.
  • Books: Biologia e Genetica N A. Campbell e J B. Reece:. PearsonElementi di biologia e genetica. William K. Purves, David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, H. Craig Heller:  Ed Zanichelli


• Model of Transmission of Mendelian traits Classification of genetic diseasesExamples of monogenic disorders with Mendelian transmission: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive. Non-Mendelian inheritance
  • Books: Genetica umana e medica (Neri, Genuardi)  Ed. Elsevier MassonLinks consigliati: Mendelian Inheritance in Man : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/