Speech and Language Therapy - Course A - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I

Activity type

Scienze propedeutiche

SSD

FIS/07

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

MICHELA FRATINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/10

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

CARLO TRAVAGLINI ALLOCATELLI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIO/13

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

CARLO TRAVAGLINI ALLOCATELLI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/03

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

VIVIANA CAPUTO

The course aims to provide students with the quantitative foundations for understanding the main processes occurring in the body. Students will be able to apply the essential principles of biochemistry, physics, and genetics to the understanding of cellular metabolism. This will enable students to critically evaluate the information from these three different fields, which is necessary to understand the molecular phenomena underlying certain aspects of cellular pathophysiology.

Basic knowledge of Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Genetics

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
N/D
Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
Chemical bonds, molecular architecture, acid-base reactions, redox reactions.
Biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics: principles of thermodynamics, high energy bonds, coupled reactions. Protein structure-function relationships (with specific examples). Allosteric proteins. Enzymes: mechanisms of catalysis and enzymatic regulation. Main metabolic pathways and their regulation.



Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
Key aspects of molecular processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Genes and genome organization. DNA replication. RNA transcription. Protein synthesis. Recombinant DNA methodologies and biotechnology.


Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
- DNA: structure and function. Protein synthesis.
- Genes, genome, and genetic mutations.
- Transmission of inherited traits.
- Classification of genetic diseases.
- Examples of monogenic diseases.
- Human chromosomes. Karyotype. Chromosomal anomalies. Chromosomal disorders.
- Recurrence risks of monogenic diseases and chromosomal disorders.
- Diagnosis of monogenic diseases and chromosomal disorders.
- Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases.
- Genetic counseling: indications, aims, and methods.

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
N/D
Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
Slides of the lessons available on the website of the Course.
Mason, Losos, Singer; vol. Biologia & Genetica e Biologia Molecolare - PICCIN
Stefani, Taddei; Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia applicata - ZANICHELLI



Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
Slides of the lessons available on the website of the Course.
Mason, Losos, Singer; vol. Biologia & Genetica e Biologia Molecolare - PICCIN
Stefani, Taddei; Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia applicata - ZANICHELLI



Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
- Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Editore: Edises.
- Teaching material provided by the teacher.

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS
N/D
Module: BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: APPLIED BIOLOGY
N/D
Module: MEDICAL GENETICS
N/D

lectures with slide projection, question and answer sessions, solving exercises in small

Mandatory

Written test with multiple-choice questions and open-ended and/or fill-in-the-blank questions.

Recognize acid-base and redox reactions. Recognize and be able to write the structural formulas of the main classes of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids).
Describe the main metabolic pathways of catabolism and the main cellular processes at the molecular level (DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein synthesis).
Describe the main features of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis.
Know the main biotechnology methods (cloning and expression of recombinant proteins, PCR, site-directed mutagenesis).

Module: APPLIED PHYSICS

• PROGRAM
  PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTOR OPERATIONS
  Physics and the concept of a physical quantity; operational definition; measurement of a physical quantity: units of measurement; the International System (SI); fundamental and derived quantities; multiples and submultiples; conversions between units; physical dimensions and dimensional equations; direct and indirect measurements; measurement errors: random and systematic errors; significant figures and measurement uncertainty; scalar and vector quantities; vector operations: sum and difference of vectors; multiplication of a vector by a scalar; dot product; cross product.
  
  MECHANICS
  Kinematics: the material point; the reference system; trajectory and position–time law; average and instantaneous velocity; uniform rectilinear motion: equation of motion; acceleration and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion: equation of motion; free fall: equations of motion; displacement, velocity, and acceleration as vectors; curvilinear motion: tangential and radial acceleration; uniform circular motion and its quantities; harmonic motion.
  Dynamics: the concept of force; force as a vector quantity; Newton’s first, second, and third laws of motion; inertial and non-inertial reference frames; weight and gravitational acceleration; mass and weight; normal reaction; frictional forces; elastic force.
  Statics: the rigid body; center of gravity and center of mass; center of gravity in humans; equilibrium of the human body; equilibrium conditions for rigid bodies; moment of a force (torque); first-, second-, and third-class levers; mechanical advantage of a lever; levers in the human body.
  
  WORK AND ENERGY
  Work done by a force: positive, negative, and zero work; power; work done by a constant force: gravitational force; work done by a variable force: elastic force; the concept of energy; kinetic energy; work–energy theorem; conservative and dissipative forces; potential energy: gravitational and elastic potential energy; principle of conservation of mechanical energy.
  
  FLUID MECHANICS
  Statics: states of matter; fluids; density and pressure; Pascal’s principle; hydrostatic pressure; Stevin’s law; atmospheric pressure and Torricelli’s experiment.
  Dynamics: ideal fluids and steady flow; flow rate and continuity equation; branching of a conduit; Bernoulli’s theorem; biological applications: aneurysm and stenosis; real fluids; laminar flow; viscosity; Hagen–Poiseuille law; mechanical resistance of a conduit; mechanical resistance in the circulatory system; turbulent flow and Reynolds number; applications: the sphygmomanometer and measurement of blood pressure.
  
  ELECTRICITY
  Electric charge, conservation and quantization of charge; conductors, semiconductors, and insulators; electrification by friction, contact, and induction; Coulomb’s law and torsion balance; Coulomb force in matter; electrostatic field and electric field vector; electric field lines; work in an electrostatic field; electrostatic potential energy; electric potential and potential difference; potential of a point charge; equipotential surfaces; electric flux and Gauss’s theorem; electrostatic field in conductors; capacitors and capacitance; electric current; electrical resistance; Ohm’s first and second laws; resistivity; electrical circuits; thermal effect of current: Joule effect and electric power; circuit analysis: resistors in series and in parallel; applications: electrical conduction in the human nervous system, the nerve impulse, and the cable model of the axon.
  
  MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
  Magnetic properties of matter: paramagnetism, diamagnetism, ferromagnetism, magnetic permeability; magnets; magnetic phenomena: magnet–magnet interaction and magnetic poles; the Earth’s magnetic field; intensity, direction, and sense of the magnetic field; magnetic field lines; comparison between electric and magnetic fields; electromagnetism: Faraday’s and Ampère’s experiments; magnet–current interaction and force between currents; magnetic field generated by a current-carrying wire; Ampère’s law; Biot–Savart law; electromagnetic field; propagation of the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic waves; parameters of a periodic wave: wavelength, frequency, period, velocity, amplitude; the electromagnetic spectrum.
  
  OPTICS
  Light and electromagnetic waves; geometrical optics and physical optics; interaction of light with matter: reflection, refraction, scattering, absorption; refractive index; Snell’s law; total internal reflection and optical fibers; light dispersion and the prism; introduction to diffraction; optical systems: plane mirror and spherical mirrors (concave and convex); lenses: converging and diverging lenses; myopia, hypermetropia, and correction using lenses; principal rays of lenses and image construction; thin-lens equation; magnification; dioptric power.
  
  SOUND
  Wave phenomena: definition, classification, and types of waves; transverse and longitudinal waves; plane, spherical, and circular waves; rays and wavefronts; harmonic waves: spatial and temporal periodicity; wave characteristics: wavelength, frequency, period, velocity, amplitude.
  Sound: emission, propagation, and reception; speed of sound; propagation of sound through a medium; sound as a pressure wave; perception of sound parameters: pitch, timbre, and loudness; energy quantities of sound: power and intensity of an acoustic source; audible frequencies; propagation of sound waves: absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference (constructive, ordinary, destructive); external ear and diffraction; resonance; sound levels and the decibel: sound pressure level, sound intensity level, and sound power level; pure and complex sounds; Fourier theorem; fundamental frequency and harmonics; analysis and synthesis; frequency analysis and sound spectrum; physics of the auditory system.
  
  THERMODYNAMICS
  Thermodynamic system; concept of temperature; thermal equilibrium; temperature scales; absolute temperature; thermometers; internal energy; heat; heat flow and thermal equilibrium; energy, work, and heat; the calorie and Joule’s experiment; heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation; thermal conductors and insulators; heat quantity, specific heat, and heat capacity; changes of state; latent heat; gases; equation of state of perfect gases and absolute temperature scale; introduction to the kinetic theory of gases; real gases and critical temperature; first and second laws of thermodynamics; work in a thermodynamic process.
  • Books: Fundamentals of Physics" by Halliday, Resnick, and Walker

• Teaching Unit 1. Chemical bonds, molecular architecture, acid-base reactions, redox reactions.
  Teaching Unit 2. Macromolecules of biological interest: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics: thermodynamics, high-energy bonds, coupled reactions.
  Teaching Unit 3. Protein structure and function. Oxygen transport proteins. Allosteric proteins. Enzymes: catalysis and regulation mechanisms.
  Teaching Unit 4.
  Main metabolic pathways and their regulation. Bioenergetics.

• Unit 1. DNA Structure and Replication.
  Unit 2. Structures of Different Types of RNA and Transcription. Disrupted Genes and Splicing.
  Unit 3. The Ribosome and Protein Synthesis.
  Unit 4. Recombinant DNA Technologies and Biotechnology.

• - DNA: structure and function. Protein synthesis. Genes,
  genome, and genetic mutations. 2h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 1-2-3


• - Transmission of inherited traits. Classification of
  genetic diseases. 2h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 4


• - Examples of monogenic diseases. 1h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 9


• - Human chromosomes. Karyotype. Chromosomal anomalies.
  Chromosomal disorders. 2h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 6-7-8


• - Diagnosis of monogenic diseases and chromosomal disorders.
  1h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 5 and
    
    15


• - Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. 1h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 14


• - Genetic counseling: indications, aims, and methods. 1h
  • Books: Elementi di genetica medica, Clementi, Edises. Chapt. 13