Speech and Language Therapy - Course A - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/04

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

PATRIZIA MANCINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/05

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

PATRIZIA MANCINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MED/07

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ALESSANDRA PIERANGELI

The course on Pathophysiological bases of diseases aims to provide the basic knowledge to make the student able to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate pathological processes in humans. The aim of the knowledge of the etiopathogenetic bases of diseases and pathological processes constitutes the indispensable substrate for understanding how to find solutions to everyday and professional problems by intervening for preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative and complementary purposes.

In order to understand the course content and achieve the learning objectives, by the start of the course students must possess basic school knowledge relating to biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. This knowledge provides the cultural foundation for the study of microbiology, general pathology and clinical pathology.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Etiology and pathogenesis. Concept of health and disease. Cell adaptations. Cell damage and death.
Body defenses against aetiological agents of diseases: innate response, acute and chronic inflammation, immune response.
Tissue injury healing: regeneration and repair. Pathophysiology of fever.



Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Introduction to clinical pathology.
Laboratory analysis.
Blood count. Leukocyte formula.
Laboratory investigations of diabetes mellitus.
Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Liver function and liver disease.



Module: MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Structure and classification of bacteria
Bacterial genome
Bacterial infections and structures
Bacterial pathogenesis and commensals
Treatment of bacterial infections
Overview of immune response, vaccines and of microbiological diagnostics
Fungal structure and classification, Clinical mycology
Structure and classification of viruses
Viral replication and pathogenesis
Treatment of viral infections
Viral respiratory infections (influenza, SARS-CoV-2)
Hepatic Infections
HPV, HIV

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
"Elementi di Patologia Generale"
G.M. Pontieri
Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie
Ed. Piccin



Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Educational material provided by the teacher


Module: MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.
OPPURE
Microbiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.
OPPURE
Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

N/D
Module: MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
N/D

The teacher provides frontal teaching in the traditional way, with audiovisual aids and scheduling of lessons

The attendance is mandatory. The student can take the exam if he reaches 67% of the total number of admissions.

Learning outcomes will be assessed through a written exam and an oral exam.
The written exam is designed to assess the acquisition of basic knowledge of the three modules (Microbiology, General Pathology, Clinical Pathology) through multiple-choice and/or open-ended questions.
The oral exam allows for a deepening of knowledge and the ability to critically interpret the topics and issues covered during the course, to connect the various topics covered, and to evaluate the appropriateness of scientific language.
To pass the exam, a grade of at least 18/30 is required. To achieve a grade of 30/30 with honors, students must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to connect them in a logical and coherent manner.

The questions focus on topics covered in class and included in the syllabus provided to students at the beginning of class.
Some examples of questions include: cerebral edema; morphology, structure, and function of bacterial cells; conventional and opportunistic pathogens; protein toxins and endotoxin; definition of viruses, composition, and architecture of the viral particle; burns; pathophysiological mechanism of fever; effects of ionizing and excitatory radiation; vascular and cellular phases of acute inflammation; granuloma; healing mechanism; blood sampling; reliability of analytical results; interpretation of complete blood counts; diagnostic approach to anemia; serum proteins and their diagnostic significance; blood glucose; cholesterol; and cerebrospinal fluid sampling for analysis.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY

• Definition of etiology and pathogenesis. Concepts of health and disease. Forms of cellular adaptation to damage: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Cell death: necrosis, apoptosis. Innate response. Acute inflammation: cardinal signs of inflammation. Cells involved in the inflammatory process.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chemical mediators of inflammation. Vascular phase and cellular phase. 
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Exudate.Chronic inflammation. Hypersensitivity and foreign body granuloma. Evolution of the granuloma.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Healing by regeneration and repair. Skin wound healing. Scar formation. Pathophysiology of fever.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Immune response. B and T lymphocytes. Humoral response. Cell-mediated response.Phases of the immune response.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Immunopathogenic response.Hypersensitivity reactions, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, transplants.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher

• Introduction to the study of clinical pathology.Complete blood count. White blood cell count.Plasma proteins. Acute phase reactants. VES. Complete urinalysis.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Blood sugar. Type I diabetes mellitus. Type II diabetes mellitus.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher


• Lipid profile: cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides.Atherosclerosis.
  • Books: Teaching materials provided directly by the teacher

• Structure and function of the bacterial cell and its essential constituents, differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Metabolism and cultivation of bacteria, bacterial growth, structure and function of bacterial spores.  The human microbiota.  3 HOURS
  • Books: Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.ORMicrobiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.ORMicrobiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson. 


• Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity; toxins; microorganism-host interactions. The main antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents; antibiotic resistance, antibiogram. Prevention and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, active and passive immunisation. 3 HOURS
  • Books: Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.ORMicrobiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.ORMicrobiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.


• The main bacteria of medical interest and their role in infectious diseases. Streptococci, Staphylococci, Clostridium); Gram-negative enteric bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae); Haemophilus, Bordetella, Neisseria; Mycobacteria  6 HOURS
  • Books: Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.ORMicrobiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.ORMicrobiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.


• Mycology: Structure of single-celled and multicellular fungal cells, modes of reproduction. Classification of fungi and main diseases associated with them. 2 HOURS
  • Books: Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.ORMicrobiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.ORMicrobiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.


• General morphological, structural and biological characteristics of viruses pathogenic to humans. Routes of infection and mechanisms of transmission of viral infections. Classification of viruses pathogenic to humans. 2 HOURS
  • Books: Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.ORMicrobiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.ORMicrobiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.


• General information on and pathogenic action of:Positive polarity RNA viruses, in particular Hepatitis A and C viruses, Coronaviridae;Negative-polarity RNA viruses, in particular: Influenza and Parainfluenza viruses;DNA viruses: in particular Hepatitis B virus, Papillomavirus, Herpesvirus. 4 HOURS
  • Books: Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.ORMicrobiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.ORMicrobiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.