Speech and Language Therapy - Course A - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-02/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

PATRIZIA MANCINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-02/B

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

PATRIZIA MANCINI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-03/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ALESSANDRA PIERANGELI

The course on Pathophysiological bases of diseases aims to provide the basic knowledge to make the student able to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate pathological processes in humans, taking into account chemical, physical and biological etiological causes. The aim of the knowledge of the etiopathogenetic bases of diseases and pathological processes constitutes the indispensable substrate for understanding how to find solutions to everyday and professional problems by intervening for preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative and complementary purposes.

In order to understand the course content and achieve the learning objectives, by the start of the course students must possess basic school knowledge relating to biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. This knowledge provides the cultural foundation for the study of microbiology, general pathology and clinical pathology.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Etiology and pathogenesis. Concept of health and disease.
Adaptive responses to cell damage: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy.
Cell death: necrosis, apoptosis.
Physical agents as the cause of disease. Exciting and ionizing radiations: classification and effects on matter.
Thermal energy transfer pathologies: local and general action of high and low temperatures.
Chemical agents as the cause of disease. Environmental pollution. Asbestos. Radon.
Body defenses against etiological agents of diseases: innate response, acute and chronic inflammation, immune response.
Healing.
Pathophysiology of fever.



Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Introduction to clinical pathology.
Laboratory analyses.
CBC. White blood cell differential.
Serum proteins.
Acute phase reactants. VES
Complete urinalysis.
Laboratory investigations for diabetes mellitus.
Dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis.


Module: MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Structure and classification of bacteria
Bacterial genome
Bacterial infections and structures
Bacterial pathogenesis and commensals
Treatment of bacterial infections
Overview of immune response, vaccines and of microbiological diagnostics
Fungal structure and classification, Clinical mycology
Structure and classification of viruses
Viral replication and pathogenesis
Treatment of viral infections
Viral respiratory infections (influenza, SARS-CoV-2)
Hepatic Infections
HPV, HIV

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
"Elementi di Patologia Generale"
G.M. Pontieri
Per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie
Ed. Piccin

Teaching materials will be provided during the course


Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Educational material provided by the teacher



Module: MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.
OR
Microbiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.
OR
Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

N/D
Module: MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
N/D

The teacher provides frontal teaching in the traditional way, with audiovisual aids and scheduling of lessons

The attendance is mandatory. The student can take the exam if he reaches 67% of the total number of admissions.

Learning outcomes will be assessed through a written exam and an oral exam.
The written exam is designed to assess the acquisition of basic knowledge of the three modules (Microbiology, General Pathology, Clinical Pathology) through multiple-choice and/or open-ended questions.
The oral exam allows for a deepening of knowledge and the ability to critically interpret the topics and issues covered during the course, to connect the various topics covered, and to evaluate the appropriateness of scientific language.
To pass the exam, a grade of at least 18/30 is required. To achieve a grade of 30/30 with honors, students must demonstrate excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to connect them in a logical and coherent manner.

The questions focus on topics covered in class and included in the syllabus provided to students at the beginning of class.
Some examples of questions include: morphology, structure, and function of bacterial cells; conventional and opportunistic pathogens; protein toxins and endotoxins; definition of viruses, composition, and architecture of the viral particle; burns; pathophysiological mechanism of fever; effects of ionizing and excitatory radiation; vascular and cellular phases of acute inflammation; granuloma; healing mechanism; interpretation of complete blood counts; serum proteins and their diagnostic significance; blood glucose; cholesterol.

Module: GENERAL PATHOLOGY

• Definition of etiology and pathogenesis. Concepts of health and disease. Cellular adaptations to injury. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis


• Exciting and ionizing radiation and their effects on matter. Thermal energy transfer disorders. Heat and cold as causes of disease.


• Chemical agents as causes of disease. Environmental pollution. Innate response. Acute inflammation: definition. Key signs of inflammation. Cells involved in the inflammatory processChemical mediators of inflammation.


• Dynamics of acute inflammation: vascular and cellular phenomena. Exudate: definition, mechanism of formation, and types of exudate. Chronic inflammation: definition. Hypersensitivity granuloma and foreign body granuloma: definition  and formation.


• Healing by regeneration and repair. Skin wound healing. Scar formation. Fever.Antigen presentation and recognition. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs.


• Immune response. B and T lymphocytes. Humoral response. Cell-mediated response.Phases of the immune response.


• Immunopathogenic response.Hypersensitivity reactions, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, transplants.

• Introduction to the study of clinical pathology. Complete blood count. White blood cell count. Plasma proteins. Acute phase reactants. VES. Complete urinalysis.


• Blood sugar. Type I diabetes mellitus. Type II diabetes mellitus.


• Lipid profile: cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides. Atherosclerosis.

• Structure
  and classification of bacteria. Bacterial genome and structures. Bacterial commensalism and pathogenesis. 4 hours


• Prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections, antimicrobial vaccines. 3 hours


• Main bacterial pathogens: Streptococci, Stafilococci, Mycobatteria,
  Enterobacteriacae (E. Coli, Salmonella, Shigella), Haemophilus, Neisseria,
  Bordetella, Clostridium. 4 hours


• Fungal Structure and Classification, Clinical Mycology. 2 hours


• Structure
  and classification of viruses. Viral infections and replication. Viral
  pathogenesis. 3 hours


• Respiratory infections(influenza, SARS-CoV-2), HIV, HPV, Herpesvirus. Hepatic Infections. 4 hours