Physiotherapy - Course B - ASL Rieti

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-02/B

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARTA MORETTI

Activity type

Scienze medico chirurgiche

SSD

MEDS-04/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

CHRISTIAN BARBATO

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-03/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

20 classroom hours

Lecturers

ALESSANDRA PIERANGELI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

MEDS-02/A

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

10 classroom hours

Lecturers

GLORIA RIITANO

Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
Describe general disease mechanisms, with particular attention to cellular damage, inflammation, tissue repair, and neoplasms.
Interpret the pathophysiological processes underlying the main morphological and functional alterations of tissues.
Correlate the molecular and cellular bases of disease to general clinical pictures, understanding the importance of common pathogenic processes.
Analyze the role of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors in disease development.
Recognize the biological bases of defense mechanisms and immunity, with reference to immunopathogenic reactions.
Understand the biology of tumor cells and the principles of carcinogenesis and immunity to tumors.
Apply the acquired knowledge to understand the relevance of general pathology in physiotherapy practice and in maintaining good health.

To take the course, students must possess:
Basic knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, with particular emphasis on cell structure and function.
Fundamentals of biological chemistry and biochemistry, useful for understanding metabolic mechanisms and pathological changes.
Elements of human anatomy and physiology, necessary for interpreting the anatomical and functional changes that accompany pathological processes.
Ability to understand scientific language and the fundamentals of the experimental method, to critically interpret biological phenomena and data.

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE
Introduction to Clinical Pathology:
- Laboratory medicine and the diagnostic process
- Laboratory data and its purposes
- The importance of Appropriateness in Clinical Pathology
- The analytic cycle and the importance of doing pre-analysis
- Notes on the organization of the laboratories
- General information on biomarkers and the main enzymatic determinations
- Hematological Diagnostics
- Hemostasis
- Chemical, physical and morphological examination of urine
- Biomarkers of inflammation and sepsis
- Markers in oncology


Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
Programmazione in inglese:
1 Darwinian evolution. The origin of life.
2 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Key cellular structures.
3 Biological macromolecules: lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
4 Biological membranes: structure and functions.
5 Energy, enzymes, and metabolism. Cellular respiration: glycolysis and mitochondrial functions.
6 DNA structure and replication. Chromatin structure.
7 Flow of genetic information: transcription and messenger RNA processing, the genetic code,
translation.

8 Regulation of gene expression.
9 Cell communication: receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.
10 The cell cycle. Mitosis and meiosis.
11 Molecules of particular biological and biomedical interest: biomarkers.
12 Practical applications and experimental methods: PCR, Western blot, cell culture, imaging.


Module: MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
MICROBIOLOGIA English
Structure and classification of bacteria
Bacterial genome
Bacterial infections and structures
Bacterial pathogenesis
Prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections. Vaccines.
Fungal Structure and Classification
Clinical Mycology
Viral structure and replication, viral pathogenesis
Respiratory infections (influenza, SARS-CoV-2)
HIV, HPV, Herpesvirus
Hepatic viruses


Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
General Pathology Syllabus

1. Introduction to General Pathology
Definition, objectives, and scope of General Pathology. Concepts of health and disease. General mechanisms regulating the body's homeostasis and the alterations that lead to disease.

2. Thermoregulation and Fever
Physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation. Causes, stages, and clinical manifestations of fever. Biological significance and pathophysiological implications of fever.

3. Cell Injury and Adaptive Mechanisms
Causes of cell injury (chemical, physical, biological, and metabolic). Molecular mechanisms of cell injury. Morphological and biochemical features of reversible and irreversible cell injury. Subcellular responses to injury. Cellular adaptive mechanisms: hypertrophy, hypotrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.

4. Acute and Chronic Inflammation
General characteristics of inflammation.
Acute inflammation: vascular changes, cellular events, leukocyte exudation, phagocytosis, and chemical mediators of inflammation.
Chronic inflammation: definition, causes, and pathogenetic mechanisms.

5. Role of the Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Tissue in Inflammatory Processes
Role of the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissue in inflammatory processes. Systemic manifestations of inflammation.

6. Tissue Repair Processes

7. Cell Cycle and Tissue Repair
The cell cycle and the regulation of cell proliferation. Mechanisms of tissue repair: regeneration and scar formation. Wound healing and the factors that influence it. Disorders of tissue repair. Integration of inflammatory and reparative processes.

8. Immunity and Immunopathogenic Reactions
Overview of innate and adaptive immunity. Main components and functions of the immune system. Types of immunopathogenic reactions and their implications in human disease.

9. Diseases Caused by Environmental and Nutritional Factors
Effects of environmental pollution on human health. Injury caused by chemical agents, physical agents, and radiation. Nutritional diseases due to excess or deficiency. Major infectious diseases and mechanisms of microbial pathogenicity.

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE
M. Ciaccio “Elementi di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio”.
M. Laposata “Manuale di Laboratorio”
I. Antonozzi, L. Gulletta “Medicina di Laboratorio”



Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
Bruce Alberts et al. The essentials of molecular biology of the cell. Fourth edition. Zanichelli Publisher
G. De Leo et al. Biology and Genetics. EdiSES.
EP Solomon et al. Elements of Biology. EdiSES.
G. Chieffi et al. Biology and Genetics. EdiSES
Talesa, Roberti, Antognelli et al. Biochemistry and Biology for Health Professions McGraw-Hill
Pearl Solomon Eldra, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg Fundamentals of Biology EdiSES


Module: MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
TESTI:
Principi di microbiologia clinica per le scienze infermieristiche, Castagliuolo, Piccin.
OPPURE
Microbiologia, JK. Actor, Elsevier Masson.
OPPURE
Microbiologia e microbiologia clinica. II ed, De Grazia, Ferraro, Giammanco, Pearson.


Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
-Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale-F. Mainiero, R. Misasi, M. Sorice, G.M. Pontieri, M.A. Russo, L. Frati, E. Albano, P. Allavena, A. Arcangeli, A. Bernelli-Zazzera, G. Cairo, L. Caponi, M. Capri, R. Cazzoli, E. Colombo, F. Curcio, V. De Dominicis, R. De Maria, E. Dejana, G.I. Dellino....

- Le basi patologiche delle malattie-Robbins e Cotran

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE
N/D
Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
N/D
Module: MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
N/D
Module: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA
N/D

The course is delivered through both face-to-face and distance learning.
Lectures include theoretical explanations supported by slides, discussions of illustrative clinical cases, and opportunities for interaction with students.
Distance learning, delivered via an online platform, includes multimedia materials, self-assessment tests, and in-depth thematic discussions to encourage independent and continuous learning.
Active participation is encouraged through questions, discussion forums, and short group activities.

Attendance is mandatory in accordance with the degree program regulations.
Attendance at least 70% of classes, whether in person or via synchronous online learning, is required to take the final exam.

The exam consists of a written and oral test aimed at assessing knowledge of the main topics covered and the ability to connect pathogenic mechanisms to clinical phenomena.

The exam consists of a written and oral test designed to test knowledge of the main topics covered and the ability to connect pathogenic mechanisms to clinical phenomena.
Evaluation takes into account clarity of presentation, terminological precision, and integrated reasoning skills.
Example exam questions:
Describe the main mechanisms of cellular damage and adaptive responses.
Explain the differences between acute and chronic inflammation, with examples.
Illustrate the phases of tissue repair and the factors that influence its outcome.
Describe the main immunopathogenic reactions and provide clinical examples.
Explain the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the differences between benign and malignant tumors.
What is the role of environmental factors in determining chronic diseases?
What are organic molecules containing the –COOH group called? The alpha-helix conformation of a
protein is an example of what type of structure? What is a nucleotide composed of? Which lipids possess
a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail? What is the structure of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells?
What is synthesized in the nucleolus? the theory of evolution? Why are the two sides of a plasma
membrane never identical? What did Darwin study when he began to conceive the idea of ​​gradual
change in nature? Is the percentage of adenine (A) bases in a DNA molecule always the same?
To which site on the ribosome do tRNAs carrying new amino acids bind?
What is the DNA sequence complementary to CCGATATCGG?

Module: PATOLOGIA GENERALE



Module: PATOLOGIA CLINICA

• Programmazione in inglese:1 Darwinian evolution. The origin of life.2 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Key cellular structures.3 Biological macromolecules: lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.4 Biological membranes: structure and functions.5 Energy, enzymes, and metabolism. Cellular respiration: glycolysis and mitochondrial functions.6 DNA structure and replication. Chromatin structure.7 Flow of genetic information: transcription and messenger RNA processing, the genetic code,translation.8 Regulation of gene expression.9 Cell communication: receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.10 The cell cycle. Mitosis and meiosis.11 Molecules of particular biological and biomedical interest: biomarkers.12 Practical applications and experimental methods: PCR, Western blot, cell culture, imaging.

• 1. Structure
  and classification of bacteria. Bacterial genome and structures. Bacterial commensalism and pathogenesis. 4 hours


• 2. Prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections, antimicrobial vaccines. 3 hours


• 3. Main bacterial pathogens: Streptococci, Stafilococci, Mycobatteria, Enterobacteriacae (E. Coli, Salmonella, Shigella), Haemophilus, Neisseria, Bordetella, Clostridium. 4 hours


• 4. Fungal Structure and Classification, Clinical Mycology. 2 hours


• 5. Structure and classification of viruses. Viral infections and replication. Viral pathogenesis. 3 hours


• 6. Respiratory infections(influenza, SARS-CoV-2), HIV, HPV, Herpesvirus. Hepatic Infections. 4 hours

• General Pathology Syllabus1. Introduction to General PathologyDefinition, objectives, and scope of General Pathology. Concepts of health and disease. General mechanisms regulating the body's homeostasis and the alterations that lead to disease.2. Thermoregulation and FeverPhysiological mechanisms of thermoregulation. Causes, stages, and clinical manifestations of fever. Biological significance and pathophysiological implications of fever.3. Cell Injury and Adaptive MechanismsCauses of cell injury (chemical, physical, biological, and metabolic). Molecular mechanisms of cell injury. Morphological and biochemical features of reversible and irreversible cell injury. Subcellular responses to injury. Cellular adaptive mechanisms: hypertrophy, hypotrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.4. Acute and Chronic InflammationGeneral characteristics of inflammation.Acute inflammation: vascular changes, cellular events, leukocyte exudation, phagocytosis, and chemical mediators of inflammation.Chronic inflammation: definition, causes, and pathogenetic mechanisms.5. Role of the Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Tissue in Inflammatory ProcessesRole of the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissue in inflammatory processes. Systemic manifestations of inflammation.6. Tissue Repair Processes7. Cell Cycle and Tissue RepairThe cell cycle and the regulation of cell proliferation. Mechanisms of tissue repair: regeneration and scar formation. Wound healing and the factors that influence it. Disorders of tissue repair. Integration of inflammatory and reparative processes.8. Immunity and Immunopathogenic ReactionsOverview of innate and adaptive immunity. Main components and functions of the immune system. Types of immunopathogenic reactions and their implications in human disease.9. Diseases Caused by Environmental and Nutritional FactorsEffects of environmental pollution on human health. Injury caused by chemical agents, physical agents, and radiation. Nutritional diseases due to excess or deficiency. Major infectious diseases and mechanisms of microbial pathogenicity.