Pharmacy

ANNA TROIANI
CHIARA SALVITTI
BARBARA CHIAVARINO

The main objectives are the knowledge of the fundamental concepts of general chemistry and the skill to address numerical exercises relevant to the application of these concepts.
More specific objectives are the knowledge and application of fundamental concepts concerning the atomic structure, the chemical bond, the geometry and structure of molecules, the states of matter and their properties, the transitions phase, the main laws of thermodynamics and kinetics, the equilibria in solution and in the gas phase, the acids, bases and titration, the solubility equilibria, the electrochemistry and its application.
Further objectives are the ability to connect the acquired knowledge, the ability to communicate what the student has learnt, the ability to understand the contents of the following chemistry courses.

At the end of this course students should be able to apply the laws of chemistry to resolve numerical problems on:
-chemical reactions both in solution and gas-phase;
-pH calculations;
-solubility and precipitation;
-electromotive force of a electrochemical cell.

Although no prerequisites are explicitly requested, it is important to master the following preliminary knowledge:
• Fundamental concepts of elementary algebra, use of powers and logarithms, methods for the resolution of first and second degree equations and systems of linear equations.

Experimental measurements and Significant Digits. Atomic weight, isotopic abundance, molecular weight, formal weight. Mole. Chemical formulas. Chemical equations and their quantitative relationship. Stoichiometry and Balancing Reactions. Oxidation number. Balancing Redox reactions. Equivalent weight in the neutralization and redox reactions. Quantitative relationships between substances involved in a reaction. (10 hours)
Concentration of solutions: molarity, normality, molarity, mole fraction, percent composition (by mass and by volume). Dilution and mixing of solutions. Density. Volumetric analysis. Titrations. The gaseous state: units relative to volume, pressure and temperature. Ideal gas laws: Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay-Lussac's law. Avogadro's law. Ideal gas equation. Density. Gas mixtures. Partial pressures. Dalton Law. Colligative properties. Colligative Properties of non-electrolyte solutions. Vapor pressure depression (Raoult Law), Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, Osmotic Pressure. Electrolytic dissociation. Weak and strong electrolits. Degree of dissociation. Effect of electrolytic dissociation on colligative properties. Van't Hoff factor. Thermal dissociation. Degree of dissociation. Indirect analysis. (10 hours)
Chemical equilibrium - The Law of Mass Action. Different forms of equilibrium constant and their relationships. Balances in a homogeneous and heterogeneous phase. Le Chatelier’s principle in the equilibrium law: applications. The law of mass action in the electrolytic dissociation reactions. Ostwald law. Acid-base equilibria. Acid-base equilibria. Ionic water product. pH. Strong acids and bases solutions. Weak monoprotic acid and bases solutions ands. Dissolution of polyprotic acids. Buffer solutions. Hydrolysis of salt and ph. Salts of polyprotic acids. Titrations. Indicators. Solubility. Solubility product expression. Common ion effect. Condition of formation of precipitates. Fractioned Precipitation. Cell. Half-cell and their representation. Normal potential. Nernst's equation. Various types of electrodes and their applications.(16 hours)

F. Cacace, M. Schiavello “Stechiometria” Bulzoni Editore
P. Michelin Lausarot, G.A. Vaglio “Fondamenti di stechiometria” Piccin

The course has the following organization:

Explanation, analysis, and resolution of numerical problems in the classroom.

The student will find on the e-learning platform the slides and teaching material (examination procedures, program, recommended texts) useful for the preparation of the exam. It is understood that the slides are a guide to the exam topics, but can never replace the recommended texts and lectures given by the teacher.

Attendance is not mandatory but strongly recommended.

Refer to what described by Prof. Maria Elisa Crestoni

The student will find on the e-learning platform some examples of exam tests.

Clearly the tests will be available to the student only after the topic has been done at lesson.