Medicine and Surgery "A" - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

BIO/12

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARCO LUCARELLI

Activity type

Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia

SSD

MED/07

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

25 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARISA DI PIETRO

Activity type

Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze

SSD

MED/46

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

9.5 classroom hours, 3 training hours

Lecturers

EMANUELA ANASTASI
MARIALUISA SPONZIELLO

Activity type

Attività formative affini o integrative

SSD

VET/06

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours

Lecturers

STEFANO D'AMELIO

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/05, MED/05

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

25 classroom hours, 5 training hours, 20 others hours

Lecturers

EMANUELA ANASTASI
SABRINA PRUDENTE

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

BIO/12

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

25 classroom hours

Lecturers

MARCO LUCARELLI

Activity type

Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/46

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

5 training hours, 20 others hours

Lecturers

FRANCESCA MEGIORNI

General Teaching Objectives
By the end of the course the student must:

To know the application of the main methods of clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, molecular biology, microbiology and parasitology.
To be able to formulate a correct request for a laboratory test from a substantial and formal point of view.
To be able to interpret the results of the main laboratory investigations.
To be aware of the potential and limits of information provided by laboratory tests.

Learning of principles and aims of the Laboratory Medicine and of the main diagnostic methods.
Learning of the purposes, characteristics and limits of the main laboratory tests.
Learning of principles of interpretation of the main laboratory tests, also related to specific diagnostic flowcharts.

In order to understand properly the teaching content and to achieve the expected learning objectives, at the beginning of the didactic activity the student must possess the basic knowledge acquired during the frequency of previous courses in the field of cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, histology and general pathology.

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
General

General principles and applications of clinical biochemistry and clinical molecular biology.
Description and use of the main clinical biochemistry laboratory tests and their use in the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.
Description and use of the main clinical molecular biology laboratory tests and examples of use in the diagnosis of the most frequent genetic diseases.

Specific subjects

Appropriateness in Laboratory Medicine. Correct diagnostic procedure. Knowing how to request a laboratory investigation. Analytical and biological variability. Sample collection. Precision, accuracy, analytical sensitivity and specificity. Errors in Laboratory Medicine. The intra and inter laboratory quality checks. Knowing how to interpret a laboratory survey. Reference intervals, critical values and decision limits. Critical difference. How to evaluate a diagnostic test. Prevalence, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic efficacy and positive and negative predictive values. ROC Curves.

Main analytical methods of biochemistry: spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, nephelometry, electrophoresis. Main analytical methods of molecular biology: in vitro enzymatic amplification (PCR), direct hybridization, reverse hybridization, PCR/OLA/SCS, DNA sequencing, principles of next generation sequencing.

Functions of plasmaproteins. Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins. The electrophoretic path (description of the main proteins separated electrophoretically and clinical indications to their request). The electrophoresis report. Conditions associated with specific alterations of the electrophoretic pattern. Poly and monoclonal gammopathies and their characterization. Immunofixation and immunosubctraction. False monoclonal components.

Laboratory quality control.

General principles and applications of clinical molecular biology.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
General principles of microbiological diagnostics. Microorganism-host interaction. Direct and indirect diagnosis. Factors that influence the outcome of microbiological analysis. Clinical features and etiologic agents related to: respiratory, gastrointestinal, uro-genital, intra-uterine, central nervous system and blood infections.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - LABORATORY MEDICINE TECHNICAL SCIENCES


The program offers an integrated overview of laboratory medicine in major endocrinological diseases, aiming to highlight the crucial role of diagnostic testing in the evaluation, monitoring, and management of hormonal disorders. It will cover the pathophysiological basis and clinical applications of key laboratory markers in thyroid, adrenal, gonadal, and glucose metabolism disorders, with particular attention to the interpretation of results in relation to the clinical picture and biological variability. The multidisciplinary approach will provide an understanding of how laboratory diagnostics support early diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized treatment in endocrine diseases.

Discussion of clinical/laboratory cases



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY
Host-parasite interactions. Life-cycles of parasites. Diagnosis of the most relevant blood, tissue and intestinal parasites. Molecular and serological diagnosis in parasitology.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
The course explores the role of the clinical laboratory in the study and diagnosis of various physiological and pathological conditions, with particular focus on carbohydrate metabolism and related disorders, pancreatic diseases, bone and calcium metabolism, as well as pituitary, renal, and oncological pathologies. The program also covers the principles of immunohematology and transfusion medicine, including blood group typing, transfusional compatibility, and blood safety. A section of the course is devoted to advanced diagnostic techniques, encompassing molecular, immunochemical, and automated laboratory methods applied to clinical diagnostics. Finally, the course addresses laboratory screening programs, with specific reference to neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism, inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism, galactosemia, and phenylketonuria.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
General

General principles and applications of clinical biochemistry and clinical molecular biology.
Description and use of the main clinical biochemistry laboratory tests and their use in the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.
Description and use of the main clinical molecular biology laboratory tests and examples of use in the diagnosis of the most frequent genetic diseases.


Specific subjects.

Iron, protoporphyrin and globines: pathophysiology, clinical biochemistry and main methods of laboratory study. Anemias, classification and laboratory diagnostics. Iron deficiency anemia, porphyria, thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies.

Hemochromocytometric examination: operative principles, examples of equipment, main parameters related to erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Examples of alterations of the hemochromocytometric examination. Relationship between anemia and parameters of the hemochromocytometric test.

Lipoproteins.

Hemostasis.



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE


Physiology of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
Basic Clinical Tests for Coagulation
Molecular and Genetic Tests in Coagulation Diagnostics
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy (Terapia anticoagulante orale -TAO) and New Anticoagulants. Practical Exercise: PT Testing, NOACs/DOACs, and Interpretation.

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - LABORATORY MEDICINE TECHNICAL SCIENCES


Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY
Gabriella Cancrini – Parassitologia Medica Illustrata- EDRA.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Ciaccio M., Lippi G. Biochimica clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, EdiSES
Antonozzi, Gulletta. Fondamenti di Medicina di Laboratorio, Chimica Clinica e Patologia Clinica, Piccin



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE


BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO - CIACCIO MARCELLO, LIPPI GIUSEPPE

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Material uploaded on e-learning


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - LABORATORY MEDICINE TECHNICAL SCIENCES


Slides provided by the teacher


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - ANIMAL PARASITOLOGY
Gabriella Cancrini – Parassitologia Medica Illustrata- EDRA.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Teaching material provided by the teacher


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Materials uploaded on e-learning


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE


Recent scientific articles published in high-impact factor journals. Reviews. Guidelines on TAO protocols.

The teaching is based essentially on frontal lessons characterized by a strong interactive component between the teacher and the students. Other teaching methods may include working groups or individual activities focused on the analysis of methods and results of publications in international scientific journals. There are practical sessions and exercises.

Mandatory attendance. The attendance is checked by the teacher by using updated lists provided by the Academic Office that will be signed by the students. The certificate of attendance of the teaching course is required for the student to be admitted to the final test.

The assessment consists of an oral exam (separated for Laboratory Medicine I and II) with questions related to the course program and takes into account: a) knowledge of the topics related to the questions; b) adequacy of the answer to each question based on the expected skills at the end of the course; c) the logic of the answers; d) use of an appropriate language.

The diagnostic sensitivity.
The analytical specificity.
The blood count.
The fibrinogen.
The anemias.

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

• Operating characteristics
  of laboratory tests
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.None in English.


• Principles of interpretation of laboratory test
  results; examples of dosing methods
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.None in English.


• Plasmaproteins; examples of electrophoretic methods
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.None in English.


• Serum protein electrophoresis
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.None in English.


• Clinical molecualr biology
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.None in English.


• Quality control
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di
    
    Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.

• General principles of clinical
  microbiology 
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• General principles of
  microbiological diagnostics: Direct and indirect diagnosis. Factors that
  influence the outcome of microbiological analysis
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Clinical features and etiologic agents related
  to central nervous system 
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Clinical features and
  etiologic agents related to respiratory system   
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Diagnosis of H. pylori  
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Hepatitis
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Blood infections; osteoarticular
  infections 
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Genito-urinary
  infections   
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione


• Zoonoses
  • Books: Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. CEA Editore, 4 edizione

• Biological
  fluids (and) biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer's
  • Books: Fondamenti di medicina di
    
    Laboratorio Antonozzi.Gulletta Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio Lippi
    
    Ciaccio


• Laboratory
  investigation of the pituitary
  • Books: Fondamenti di medicina di Laboratorio Antonozzi.Gulletta Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio Lippi Ciaccio


• Laboratory investigations for thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal disorders
  • Books: Fondamenti di medicina di Laboratorio Antonozzi.Gulletta Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio Lippi Ciaccio


• STAT/Emergency laboratory
  • Books: Fondamenti di medicina di Laboratorio Antonozzi.Gulletta Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio Lippi Ciaccio


• • Books: Fondamenti di medicina di Laboratorio Antonozzi.Gulletta Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio Lippi Ciaccio

• Blood count
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Iron metabolism and iron deficiency anemia
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Thalassemias and haemoglobinopathies 
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Porphyrias 
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Hemolytic anemias


• Classification of anemias
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Hemostasis
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Lipid metabolism and
  dyslipidemia
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Cardiovascular risk factors
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Markers of myocardial damage
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Automation in clinical laboratory
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.

• Lesson 1: Laboratory Medicine in Immunodeficiencies, Autoimmune Diseases, and Immune-Mediated Disorders.
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Lesson 2: Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Precision Medicine.
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Lesson 3: Cell and Gene Therapies in Regenerative Medicine.
  • Books: Slides.


• Lesson 4: he Role of the Clinical Laboratory in the Diagnosis of COVID-19.
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.


• Professional Practical Activities: Monitoring of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy (OAT) and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs).
  • Books: Ciaccio. Trattato di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio. Edizioni Edises.