Medicine and Surgery

Gastrointestinal function from a clinical perspective: physiology of the pancreas and main clinical diseases physiology of the biliary tree and main clinical diseases physiology of the liver and main clinical diseases

Requirements: For a good understanding of the topics considered in this course, students should have adequately studied the subjects of the following exams: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Histology, Anatomy.

▪ WF Boron, EL Boulpaep: Medical Physiology. Elsevier 2017. ISBN: 978-0323427968 ▪ BM Koeppen, BA Stanton: Berne & Levy Physiology. Mosby Elsevier 2010. ISBN: 978-0-323-07362-2 ▪ JH Hall: Guyton and Hall Medical Physiology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN: 978-1-4160-44574-8 ▪ DU Silverthorn: Human Physiology. 6th edition. Benjamin Cummings. ISBN: 978-0321750006

mandatory (67% of lessons)

Evaluation methods: Oral exam (together with Physiology 1). Examples of typical questions are listed in the course page on the e-learning platform (https://elearning2.uniroma1.it/course/view.php?id=2135)

 Endocrinology: nature and maccanisms of action of hormones. - Hormone assays. - Pituitary hormones and mechanisms of hypothalamic control. - Thyroid hormones - Corticosurrenal hormones. - Pancreatic hormones: insulin glucagon and somatostatin. - Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and calcitonin: calcium and phosphate metabolism. Male and female sex hormones. Reproductive and pregnancy hormones.

Student must have done the exam of Human Physiology I

Medical Physiology Guyton and Hall Medical Physiology Boron and Boulpalep Medical Physiology Berne and Levy

Classroom lectures, faculty presentations. Self-assessment test toward the end of the course.

Attendance is mandatory and must be certified by signature; attendance is required for at least 66% of the lessons.

The student will be assessed through questions related to the program covered (three to five questions). Answers will be considered adequate if the student can demonstrate an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the cells, tissues and organs described in this part of the course, and an understanding of their functional regulation for the purpose of maintaining homeostasis.

Traditional in-class lecture. At the end of the lessons, a multiple-choice self-assessment test will be administered and reviewed in class with the instructor.

Palange: Respiratory function from a clinical perspective

Requirements: For a good understanding of the topics considered in this course, students should have adequately studied the subjects of the following exams: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Histology, Anatomy.

▪ WF Boron, EL Boulpaep: Medical Physiology. Elsevier 2017. ISBN: 978-0323427968 ▪ BM Koeppen, BA Stanton: Berne & Levy Physiology. Mosby Elsevier 2010. ISBN: 978-0-323-07362-2 ▪ JH Hall: Guyton and Hall Medical Physiology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN: 978-1-4160-44574-8 ▪ DU Silverthorn: Human Physiology. 6th edition. Benjamin Cummings. ISBN: 978-0321750006

mandatory

Evaluation methods: Oral exam (together with Physiology 1). Examples of typical questions are listed in the course page on the e-learning platform (https://elearning2.uniroma1.it/course/view.php?id=2135)

Grassi: The kidney and the body fluids. Body fluid compartments; water and salt equilibrium. Urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular transport of the electrolytes, tubular water reabsorption and the regulation of fluid osmolarity. Micturition. Renal mechanisms for the control of blood and extracellular fluid volume. Regulation of the concentration of the principal electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate). Grassi: Respiration: structure of the lungs. Pulmonary pressure and ventilation; Pulmonary volumes. Mechanical properties of the lungs. Pulmonary circulation. Gas exchange. Respiratory gas transport. Control of breathing. Grassi: Acid-base balance: Body buffer systems for extracellular pH: plasma proteins, bicarbonate, phosphate. Renal regulation of the acid-base balance. Respiratory regulation of the acid-base balance. Disturbances of the acid-base balance. Grassi: Gastrointestinal physiology: motility, nervous control and blood circulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Food progression and mixing in the digestive tract. Gastrointestinal secretion: salivary, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, intestinal secretions. Food digestion. Absorption of water, nutrients and electrolytes in the small intestine. Absorption in the large intestine. Main metabolic functions of the liver. Merli: Gastrointestinal function from a clinical perspective Limatola: Endocrinology: hormone structure and action. Measurement of hormone levels. Pituitary hormones and hypothalamic control mechanisms. Thyroid hormones. Adrenocortical steroid hormones. Endocrine pancreas: insulin and diabetes. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin: calcium and phosphate metabolism. Male and female sex steroid hormones. Reproduction and pregnancy.

For a good understanding of the topics considered in this course, students should have adequately studied the subjects of the following exams: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Histology, Anatomy.

Suggested textbooks: One of the following, according to student's preference WF Boron, EL Boulpaep: Medical Physiology. Elsevier 2017. ISBN: 978-0323427968 OR BM Koeppen, BA Stanton: Berne & Levy Physiology. Mosby Elsevier 2010. ISBN: 978-0-323-07362-2 OR JH Hall: Guyton and Hall Medical Physiology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN: 978-1-4160-44574-8 OR DU Silverthorn: Human Physiology. 6th edition. Benjamin Cummings. ISBN: 978-0321750006

mandatory

Evaluation methods: A unique exam for Physiology I and II takes place in the form of an interview, in which students are evaluated based on their ability in: describing physiological processes; relating different processes; using an adequate language. In detail, during the exam the Students will be asked to describe and discuss, also drafting of pertinent graphs, aspects of the physiology of neuronal and muscle cells; of the integrated functioning of the nervous and muscular systems, of the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. The requirements for achieving the maximum score (30/30 with honors) are: Fully exhaustive answers to the questions posed - Critical vision of the interactions between the various physiological mechanisms - Excellent presentation skills with reference to the terminology and logical structure of the topics covered. Examples of typical questions are listed in the course page on the e-learning platform (https://elearning2.uniroma1.it/course/view.php?id=2135)