Medicine and Surgery

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

BIO/12

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

13 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANDREA BELLELLI

Activity type

Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia

SSD

MED/07

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

25 classroom hours

Lecturers

GUIDO ANTONELLI

Activity type

Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze

SSD

MED/46

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

13 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANTONIO ANGELONI

Activity type

Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/46

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

25 training hours

Lecturers

FABRIZIO MAINIERO

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

MED/05

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

38 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANTONIO ANGELONI
FABRIZIO MAINIERO

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

BIO/12

Year

3rd year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

25 classroom hours

Lecturers

ANDREA BELLELLI

Activity type

Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

VET/06

Year

3rd year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

25 others hours

Lecturers

DAVID MODIANO

Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student must know:
• Direct and indirect microbiological methods
• Optimal procedures to collect the biological specimens from a patient and their conservation
• Analytical procedures to isolate and identify extracellular pathogens as well as facultative and obligate intracellular microorganisms
• Microbiological analysis of urine, liquor, blood, amniotic fluid, sputum, central venous catheters, prosthesis, medical devices pharyngeal, cervical, vaginal and rectal swabs
• Classical and innovative microbiological methods to detect bacteria adherent and in biofilm
• Host-parasite interaction with particular attention to inflammatory and infectious phenomena
• Homeostasis of iron, infection and inflammation

Interpretation of common tests of the clinical laboratory for biochemistry, cytologyl, microbiology, parasitology

A good knowledge of general chemistry and biochemistry, cytology, histology, microbiology and parasitology, as studied in courses of the first and secon year is required.

Module: Laboratory Medicine I - BIO 12
Contents:
Theory of measurement and the concepts of experimental error, precision and accuracy
Applications of the theory to the measurements of Laboratory Medicine: interindividual variability, pathological deviations from the average values, false positives, false negatives, specificity and sensitivity of the tests. Principles of clinical reasoning.
Specimen collection for adult and fetal samples. Biological fluids: blood, urine cerebral-spinal fluid, amniotic fluid.
Main analytical methods used in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: potentiometry, electrophoresis, chromatography, immunological methods, DNA sequencing and PCR
Clinical Toxicology: principal analytes and finality of their measurements. Analysis and levels of drugs more often causing over dosage, recreational drug, and environmental and professional poisons
Clinical Biochemistry of blood clotting and its disturbances: hemostasis and thrombosis
Clinical Biochemistry of anemias, hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia.
The hemocytometric analysis
Transfusion medicine; blood groups.
Histocompatibility testing and transplantation.
Clinical laboratory analyses for parasitology: Blood And Tissue Protozoa. Blood Trematodes.
Intestinal Protozoa. Intestinal And Tissue Cestodes. Intestinal Nematodes.
Molecular And Immunological Diagnosis Of Parasitic Infections.
Microbial Zoonoses. Protozoa Zoonoses.
Clinical laboratory analyses for bacterial and viral diseases. The microbes and the relationship with the host.
Diagnosis of infection and assesment of host defense mechanism.
Basic Mechanisms of drug resistance and spread or resistant microbes.
The chronic infections and viral hepatitis.
Upper and lower respiratory tract infections.
Sexually transmitted infections. Urinary infections.
Obstetric and perinatal infections.
Central nervous system. Infections of the skin, soft tissue, eye. Gastrointestinal infections.
The zoonoses.
Infections in the compromised host. Noscomial infections.


Module: Laboratory Medicine I - MED 07
Contents:
● Vaccination and chemotherapy in the control of infectious diseases.
● Methods of diagnosis of infectious diseases: direct and indirect analytical methods
● Procedures to collect the biological specimens from a patient and their conservation
● Analytical procedures for the search for pathogenic microorganisms in the different biological samples
● The Clinical Microbiology laboratory for address the infections in the various body districts



Module: Laboratory Medicine I - MED 46
Contents:
Newborn screening for hereditary metabolic diseases. Screening for the most common tumor pathologies. Blood count test.


Module: Laboratory Medicine I - VET 06
Contents:
Formal Teaching (Topics)
The request of clinical analyses - Urgent and routine analyses
- The concepts of prevention, early medical diagnosis and follow up
- Methods to obtain biological samples and their application. Collection and validity of biological samples - Quality control in the clinical laboratory, between laboratories and on a global scale - Sensitivity and specificity of clinical methods. Significance and diagnostic relevance of the analysis results - Methods for clinical microbiology and parasitology. Timeline and interpretation of the results - Clinical microbiology of infectious diseases of organs and apparatuses
- Blood parasites; intestinal parasites.
- Biochemical characterization of dysmetabolic conditions
- Purine metabolism; hyperuricemias. - Disorders of heme biosynthesis; porphyrias - Heme degradation; jaundice - Measurement and identification of proteins; electrophoresis - Acute phase proteins and complement - Lipoproteins and dyslipidemias - Glucose metabolism; glycemia; diabetes mellitus - The urea cycle and its disorders - Disorders of the metabolism of aminoacids - Acid-base equilibrium and its dirsorders - Enzymes in the blood and their clinical significance – Laboratory Medicine in the screening of newborns for genetic and metabolic disorders; the usefulseness of a screening test. Laboratory medicine for the evaluation of the cardiovascular and renal apparatuses; assays to monitor liver pathophysiology; Transfusion Medicine - Laboratory Medicine of Immune Disorders. Histocompatibility Testing and Transplantation.

Interactive teaching (goals)
Selection of the analysis to be carried out in relation to the patient's disease.
Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative alterations of the most relevant analytes.

Apprenticeship (practical laboratory)
How to effect a standard laboratory analysis of the urine (physical, chemical and microbiological).
How to prepare a blood smear; how to read a hemocytometric (non-pathological) test.



Module: Laboratory Medicine II - MED 05
Contents:
Laboratory analyses in the diagnosis of the acute heart events. Cardiac markers to evaluate ischemic events and chronic disorders. Knowledge of laboratories tests for the evaluation of the liver: markers associated to hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholestasis, primary or metastatic cancers. Function tests to evaluate kidney activity: the clearance tests; urine analyses and their significance. Knowledge of the most common circulating tumor markers and their usefulness in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.



Module: Laboratory Medicine II - BIO 12
Contents:
1) Disorders of Nucleotide Metabolism; Gout.
2) Porphyrias.
3) Heme degradation; bilirubin and icterus (jaundice); liver functions.
4) Plasma Proteins.
5) Lipoproteins and dislipidemias; functions of the adipose tissue; obesity
6) Disturbances of the homeostasis of water and electrolytes; kidney functions.
7) Disturbances of the homeostasis of respiratory gases and pH; lung functions.
8) Disturbances of glucose metabolism. Diabetes.
9) Disturbances of the urea cycle.
10) Laboratory analyses for endocrine disorders.
11) The biochemistry of inherited enzymatic defects
12) Genetic defects of metabolism: glycogenoses and lipidoses
13) Genetic defects of metabolism of aminoacids
14) Hypervitaminoses and hypovitaminoses
15) Principles of clinical reasoning; the problem of cancer
16) Professional Activity: Standard blood tests
17) Professional Activity: Standard urine tests


Module: Laboratory Medicine II - MED 46
Contents:
Biological cycles and diagnosis of main parasitic infections caused by protozoa and helminths: intestinal (Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, Taeniasis, Ascaridiosis, Ankylostomiasis); uro-genital (Trichomoniasis); blood and tissues (Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, Toxoplasmosis, Echinococcosis, Schistosomiasis).

Module: Laboratory Medicine I - BIO 12
Suggested textbooks:
Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science)
Additional material is available on the website of the course: http://biochimica.bio.uniroma1.it/didattica/bellelli5.htm


Module: Laboratory Medicine I - MED 07
Suggested textbooks:
Patricia M. Tille - Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition Elsevier – 13 gennaio 2017



Module: Laboratory Medicine I - MED 46
Suggested textbooks:
Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science)



Module: Laboratory Medicine I - VET 06
Suggested textbooks:
Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science)
Henry's: La diagnosi e la gestione clinica delle malattie con metodi di laboratorio. McPherson, Richard A; Pincus, Matthew R. Edizione 23. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2017.



Module: Laboratory Medicine II - MED 05
Suggested textbooks:
Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science)
Henry's: La diagnosi e la gestione clinica delle malattie con metodi di laboratorio. McPherson, Richard A; Pincus, Matthew R. Edizione 23. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2017.



Module: Laboratory Medicine II - BIO 12
Suggested textbooks:
Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science)




Module: Laboratory Medicine II - MED 46
Suggested textbooks:
Michael Laposata: Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory (LANGE Basic Science)

Module: Laboratory Medicine I - BIO 12
N/D
Module: Laboratory Medicine I - MED 07
N/D
Module: Laboratory Medicine I - MED 46
N/D
Module: Laboratory Medicine I - VET 06
N/D
Module: Laboratory Medicine II - MED 05
N/D
Module: Laboratory Medicine II - BIO 12
N/D
Module: Laboratory Medicine II - MED 46
N/D

Lectures ex cathedra; discussion of clinical cases. Attendance is mandatory. Teaching lectures and slides are available via dedicated websites (link: https://www.andreabellelli.it/html/didattica/bellelli5.htm)

Mandatory, in person.

Evaluation methods: The final examination is an oral in person interview with the candidate and covers the whole program of the Course. It is possible to take an ongoing examination, only at the end of the first semester (February session). The students are required to register to the exam on Infostud. The date indicated on Infostud is the first day of a period (usually a week) where the exam can take place; the effective location, date and time of the exam are communicated via Infostud at the end of the registration period. It is possible that the exam is delayed by a few days, with respect to the date indicated on Infostud, due to previously unforeseen duties of the teachers.

A typical question may be as follows: A breast-fed baby presents retarded growth. The hemocytometric analysis reveals: Hemoglobin 8 g/dL Erythrocyte count 2.7 millions/uL Mean corpuscular volume 102 fL. Name this condition; write down at least three possible causes; indicate the laboratory tests to distinguish among the cause you indicated. Expected answer: The condition is macrocytic anemia. Possible causes of macrocytic anemia are: folate deficicency vitamin B12 deficiency orotic aciduria due to inhierited deficiency of the enzyme . Appropriate laboratory tests are: measurement of folate and vitamin B12 cocentration in the serum and urine; Schilling test; measurement of orotic acid in the serum and urine; sequencing of the gene of orotate PRPP transferase.

Module: Laboratory Medicine I - BIO 12

• see link: https://www.andreabellelli.it/html/didattica/Fcourse/LabMedSchedule1semester2025_26.htm

• see link: https://www.andreabellelli.it/html/didattica/Fcourse/LabMedSchedule1semester2025_26.htm

• see link: https://www.andreabellelli.it/html/didattica/Fcourse/LabMedSchedule1semester2025_26.htm

• see link: https://www.andreabellelli.it/html/didattica/Fcourse/LabMedSchedule2semester2025_26.htm
  • Books: na

• see link: https://www.andreabellelli.it/html/didattica/Fcourse/LabMedSchedule1semester2025_26.htm