Medicine and Surgery

Activity type

Medicina e sanità pubblica e degli ambienti di lavoro e scienze medico legali, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/42, MED/42

Year

5th year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

13 classroom hours, 50 others hours

Lecturers

GIOVANNI BATTISTA ORSI

Activity type

Scienze umane, politiche della salute e management sanirario

SSD

SECS-P/06

Year

6th year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

13 classroom hours

Lecturers

BERNARDINO QUATTROCIOCCHI

Activity type

Medicina e sanità pubblica e degli ambienti di lavoro e scienze medico legali, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/42, MED/42

Year

6th year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

13 classroom hours, 25 others hours

Lecturers

PAOLO VILLARI
VALENTINA BACCOLINI

Activity type

Medicina e sanità pubblica e degli ambienti di lavoro e scienze medico legali, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/44, MED/44

Year

5th year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

13 classroom hours, 25 others hours

Lecturers

SIMONE DE SIO

Medical Scientific Methods IX -Public Health
Main teaching objectives:
Fundamental basis of epidemiology, health promotion and prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases applied to environment, communities, working conditions, schools, food and nutrition; methods of health educations in both clinical and preventive medicine; relations between health promotion activities and national health service.
To behave professionally and according to the prevention principles in both living and working conditions.
To use the knowledge acquired in the field of risk evaluation/management in both living and working conditions in order to diseases preventing and health promoting; to use the knowledge acquired in the field of National Health System organization in order to get the health goals.

Medical Scientific Methods X - Public Health
Main teaching objectives:
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
By the end of the course, the student must:
- know the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing mechanisms of healthcare both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations; the methods used to evaluate the efficacy, the effectiveness and the efficiency of healthcare interventions;
- be able to read critically and use published epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use basics of management control in the healthcare organizations;
- develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and objectives to the national, regional and local healthcare planning; develop a critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries.

Public Health X:
The course is focused on the interdisciplinary competencies needed by physicians, including those related to the management and protection of clinical data, ranging from economic and managerial skills to epidemiological methods to assess scientific evidence about the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions with an international global health perspective.
By the end of the course, the student must:
•know the basic types of study design and their implications; the basic types of healthcare systems in the world, with their main strengths and weaknesses; the financing, organizational and functional mechanisms of healthcare both at macro-level (healthcare systems) and micro-level (hospital and other healthcare organizations); the main tools of management control in the healthcare organizations; the methods used to evaluate the efficacy, the effectiveness and the efficiency of healthcare interventions; the core components and logical structure of an Electronic Health Records (EHRs) system (demographics, medical history, diagnostic reports, treatments); the national and European regulatory framework for health data protection (GDPR and local regulations) with focus on confidentiality and security principles;
•interpret correctly the available evidence; be able to read critically and use published epidemiological studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as economic evaluations of healthcare interventions; know how to use basics of management control in the healthcare organizations; be able to interpret the various sections of an EHR to reconstruct a patient’s clinical pathway, identifying any inconsistencies or information gaps; be able to assess theoretical risks related to access, sharing, and storage of special categories of personal data;
•develop a professional attitude to adopt professional behaviors in accordance with the principles of equity, effectiveness and efficiency and objectives to international policies and healthcare organization planning; adopt an epidemiological perspective and approach in a public health context; develop critical thinking in terms of global health, taking into account that many health problems spill over national boundaries; demonstrate awareness of the ethical and professional importance of health data confidentiality, adopting a responsible attitude in safeguarding patient privacy; promote a culture of cybersecurity and privacy compliance within the multidisciplinary team, encouraging collaborative and transparent practices.

Public Health IX:
Main teaching objectives:
know Fundamental basis of epidemiology, health promotion and prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases applied to environment, communities, working conditions, schools, food and nutrition; methods of health educations in both clinical and preventive medicine; relations between health promotion activities and national health service.
To behave professionally and according to the prevention principles in both living and working conditions.
To use the knowledge acquired in the field of risk evaluation/management in both living and working conditions in order to diseases preventing and health promoting; to use the knowledge acquired in the field of National Health System organization in order to get the health goals.
MED/42
Learning outcomes:
Knowledge of the principles of epidemiology, prevention and health education.
MED/44
Learning outcomes:
Being able to assess the activities of the occupational physician from a qualitative point of view and be able to draw up a risk assessment document with reference to the health risks present in the workplace.

To take the Public Health X exam, the student must have passed the ongoing exam of Medical Scientific Methods - Public Health IX. A basic knowledge of medical statistics and epidemiological methods is required.

Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 42
MED/42 Contents:
- General concepts of the Hygiene. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
- Bases of epidemiological methodology: frequency, data sources, confounders, questionnaires, associations measures
- Screening tests
- Advantages and disadvantages of epidemiological studies: descriptive, analytical and experimental studies
- Chemical, physical and gas-plasma sterilization
- Disinfection (high, medium and low level), antiseptics, disinfestations
- Vaccines (active and passive immuno-prophylaxis), chemo- prophylaxis
- Health care associated infections: definition, prevalence, lethality, costs, risk factors, surveillance, prevention, lows and norms.
- Epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases: general principles, aetiology, transmission patterns, definitions, prevention, reporting and surveillance systems. Molecular methods in infectious diseases investigation
- Food and Nutrition hygiene: food-borne diseases, control and prevention, HACCP
- Epidemiology and prophylaxis of non-communicable diseases: general principles, risk factors, prevention and surveillance systems, screenings. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, metabolic disorders. Epidemiology and prevention of alcohol, tobacco and drugs abuse.
- Environmental pollution (primary and secondary pollutants), indoor living conditions (physical, chemical and microbiological parameters). Health effects of noises and ionising and non-ionising radiation.
- Water Hygiene: water origin (surface and deep-water), drinkable water and drinking parameters, water purification. Wastewater.
- National and international health systems, essential levels of care, diagnosis related groups.
- Health Systems Quality evaluation. Economical approach to the health care systems.

Attività Didattiche Integrative/Additional activities:
L’insegnamento prevede le seguenti APP che saranno svolte in Aula:
- Filling in the form for the notification of cases for infectious diseases
- Filling in the form for the notification of cases for epidemiological purposes

MED/44 Contents:
words and methods of application of occupational medicine in the light of new guidelines and standards of good practice. Risk factors for health in the workplace and how to carry out a specific risk assessment.


Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 44
General mechanisms of healthcare financing. Healthcare financing at macro level (healthcare systems). The Italian healthcare financing system. Healthcare financing at micro level: hospitals and other healthcare organizations. Equity, efficacy, and efficiency of healthcare systems. Planning and management control in healthcare organizations.


Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -X- MED 42
Module Contents:
Epidemiological study designs; objectives, advantages, and limitations. Descriptive and inferential statistics. Healthcare systems in the world. Comparative evaluation of the main healthcare system types and analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. Evidence-based medicine. Methods to evaluate efficacy, safety, and effectiveness of healthcare interventions (RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analysis). The methodological steps in conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Models of economic evaluations of health care programs and interventions (cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, cost-benefits analysis); purposes, main characteristics, advantages, limitations, and practical applications. Structure and management of EHR. Privacy, security and regulatory framework of EHRs.


Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -X- SECS P 06
Specific features of clinical diagnosis and etiological diagnosis in occupational medicine:
- Health care monitoring and duties of workers control physician
- Occupational history, biological monitoring, individual susceptibility, assessment of suitability for strategic purposes
- Disorders due to noise, ionizing radiation and vibration.
- Diseases with high and low temperatures, non-ionizing radiation, baropaties
- Tools and methods of environmental limit values.
- Environmental exposure to low doses; indoor pollution
- Elements of hygiene, industrial toxicology, physiology of work and ergonomics
- The environmental monitoring and biological monitoring ; disorders from chemical, physical and biological agents
- Professional organ disorders: asthma, cardiovascular disease; neuropathy; gastroenterologic , liver and kidney disorders; endocrinopathies; dermathologic, osteoartromiopatic, ophthalmologic diseases ; professional tumors
- Posture, handling loads, office work, VDT

Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 42
Suggested textbooks:
Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice. Edited by Charles Guest, Walter Ricciardi, Ichiro Kawachi, Iain Lang. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2013 - Third Edition.



Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 44
Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice. Edited by Ichiro Kawachi, Iain Lang, Walter Ricciardi. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2020 – Fourth Edition. Chapters: 1.2 – Priorities and ethics in population-based health care; 1.6 – Economic assessment; 2.4 – Epidemiological approach and design; 2.5 – Statistical understanding; 2.6 – Inference, causality and interpretation; 2.7 - Finding and appraising evidence; 5.2 – Planning health services; 5.3 – Comparing healthcare systems; 5.4 – Controlling expenditures; 5.8 – Health technology assessment; 5.11 – Evaluating healthcare systems.


Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -X- MED 42
Suggested textbooks:
Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice. Edited by Ichiro Kawachi, Iain Lang, Walter Ricciardi. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2020 – Fourth Edition. Chapters: 1.2 – Priorities and ethics in population-based health care; 1.6 – Economic assessment; 2.4 – Epidemiological approach and design; 2.5 – Statistical understanding; 2.6 – Inference, causality and interpretation; 2.7 - Finding and appraising evidence; 5.2 – Planning health services; 5.3 – Comparing healthcare systems; 5.4 – Controlling expenditures; 5.8 – Health technology assessment; 5.11 – Evaluating healthcare systems.



Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -X- SECS P 06
N/D

Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 42
N/D
Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 44
N/D
Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -X- MED 42
N/D
Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -X- SECS P 06
N/D

Lectures and training sessions.

Mandatory attendance as per Degree Course requirement.

Public Health X:
The final evaluation of the entire course will be based on the results of a written test structured as follows:
1) 19 multiple-choice questions:
- 5 questions regarding the Health Economics module (1,5 points each)
- 15 questions regarding Hygiene module (1,5 points each)
2) an open question concerning the activities conducted during the training sessions (i.e., description and analysis of the results of a meta-analysis) (maximum 3 points).

Public Health IX:
Written test with multiple choices quiz. The Written Exam includes 30 multiple-choice questions. 1 point for correct answer and 0 points for incorrect answer. 18 points minimum score.

Not available.

Module: Medical-Scientific Methods: Public health -IX- MED 42

• Objectives and general concepts of Hygiene. Basics of epidemiological methodology: frequency measures, data sources, confounding factors, questionnaires, and measures of association.
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• Screening tests. Advantages and disadvantages of epidemiological studies: descriptive, analytical (cohort, case-control), and experimental. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• Sterilization and disinfection. Vaccines and active and passive immunoprophylaxis, chemoprophylaxis. Healthcare-associated infections: definition, main risk factors, and prevention and surveillance strategies. Epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases.
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• Food and Nutrition Hygiene. Air pollution (primary and secondary pollutants) and microclimate (physical, chemical, and microbiological criteria). Damage caused by noise and by ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Water Hygiene.
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• General Epidemiology and Prophylaxis of Chronic Degenerative Diseases. Prevention programs for cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and metabolic disorders. Epidemiology and prevention of damage related to alcoholism, smoking, and drug abuse.
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• International and national health organization. Evaluation of the quality of public and private health services: accreditation and certification.
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• Occupational Medicine: Objectives, Principles, and Updated Guidelines
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• Health Risk Factors in the Workplace and Specific Risk Assessment
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher

• Planning and management control in healthcare
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher.


• Management control in healthcare organization and performance
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher.


• Healthcare financing
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher.

• Health systems in the world: a comparative
  evaluation
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• Evidence-based medicine; systematic reviews;
  meta-analyses
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• The methodological steps of a meta-analysis (Training
  seminar I)
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• How to read and interpret the results of a meta-analysis
  published in the
  
  literature (Training seminar II)
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• The economic evaluation of health care programs
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• The economic evaluation of health care programs:
  exercises and case studies (Training seminar III)
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher


• GRADE methodology and rapid reviews
  • Books: Material provided by the teacher