Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Computer Science for Pharmaceutical Applications

LUCIANO DE SIO

The Physics course aims to provide students with the fundamental knowledge of physics necessary to understand the main physical phenomena and to become familiar with correct scientific notation. Students will learn to express and explain physical laws using appropriate symbols and consistent units for the physical quantities involved.
By the end of the course, students will be able to solve fundamental physics problems, calculate the required quantities using elementary algebraic tools and basic trigonometric functions, and correctly express the results with the appropriate units of measurement.
The program is structured into the following modules:
Part 1 – Basic Mechanics
Total: 8 hours
Physical quantities, units of measurement, and the SI system. Scalars and vectors. Kinematics and dynamics of a point mass: motion in one and two dimensions, Newton's laws. Work, energy, and conservation of energy.
Part 2 – System Dynamics and Human Body Statics
Total: 8 hours
Momentum and its conservation in systems. Center of mass and dynamics of extended bodies. Static equilibrium of solid bodies, torque, and its applications to human body statics. Statics and dynamics of fluids.
Part 3 – Biological Fluid Dynamics and the Circulatory System
Total: 8 hours
Fluid motion, continuity equation, and Bernoulli's law. Circulation: the heart as a pump, stenosis, aneurysm, and TIA. Real fluids: laminar and turbulent flow, Hagen-Poiseuille's law. Blood pressure, cardiac work, surface tension, Laplace's law, and applications to the circulatory and respiratory systems.
Part 4 – Thermodynamics and Wave Phenomena
Total: 8 hours
Mechanical waves and their propagation; temperature, thermal equilibrium, and thermal expansion; gas laws and the ideal gas model; heat, internal energy, specific heat, and heat conduction; the first and second laws of thermodynamics; entropy, metabolism, and the thermodynamic cycle of the heart.
Part 5 – Electrostatics, Circuits, and Electrophysiology
Total: 8 hours
Electric charge, electric field, Coulomb's and Gauss's laws. Conductors, insulators, and electric potential. Capacitors and dielectrics. Electric current, Ohm's law, resistance, and electric circuits. Cardiac electrophysiology: ECG. Magnetism: magnetic fields, Biot–Savart's law, Ampère's law, Faraday's and Lenz's laws. Time-varying electric and magnetic fields.
Part 6 – Electromagnetic Waves and Optics
Total: 8 hours
Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic spectrum and medical applications: oximetry, thermography, and X-ray imaging. Geometrical optics: reflection, refraction, mirrors, and lenses. The human eye, corrective lenses, optical fibers, and endoscopy.

By the end of the course, the student must:
- Be able to enunciate and explain a fundamental law of physics by using the appropriate notation and the correct symbols for the physics quantities they represent.
- Be able to recognize and apply the fundamental physical laws needed to explain a physics phenomenon in a context that is either generic, applied to medicine, or applied to biology.
- Be able to solve a simple physics problem by calculating the physical quantity and expressing it with the appropriate units of measurement using simple algebraic tools and essential trigonometric functions.

Conoscenze di base fornite dalla scuola secondaria di secondo grado

Contents:
Physics quantities and measurement units. The SI system.
Point mass kinematics. Scalars and vectors. 2D motion. Force and Newton’s laws of motions. Work and energy. Conservation of energy. The center of mass of a solid body. Point mass momentum. Momentum of a particles system. Conservation of momentum. Equilibrium of solid bodies. Principles of statics applied to human body. Torque and its use in the human body.
Fluids statics. Fluids Dynamics. General concepts about fluids motion. Continuity equation. Bernoulli’s equation. Pumps and heart. Stenosis and Aneurysm. TIA. Surface tension and Laplace. Real fluids. Laminar and turbulent motion. Hagen-Poiseuille. Measurement of blood pressure. Physics of circulatory and respiratory system. Cardiac work and power.
Wave phenomena. Mechanical waves. Example of waves. The propagation of waves. The speed of waves. Wave intensity and wave power. Superposition principle.
Temperature. Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. Thermal Expansion. The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature. The Ideal Gas Law. Heat and Internal Energy. Specific Heat. Calorimetry. Heat conduction. Heat capacity and specific heat. The first law of thermodynamics. Entropy and second law of thermodynamics. Human Metabolism and the First Law.
Electric charge and Coulomb’s law. Electric Field. Electric field flux and Gauss’ law. Isolated charged conductor. Electrostatic and gravitational forces. Electric potential energy. Equipotential surfaces. Capacitor and dielectric. Electric current. Current density. Resistance, resistivity and conductivity. Ohm’s law. Circuit. Heart electrical phenomena: ECG.
The Magnetic field, Motion of charge in a magnetic field. Biot-Savart law. Ampere’s law. Faraday’s law of induction. Lenz’s rule. Electromotive force resulting from motion. Induced electric field.
Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields. Maxwell's Equations. Production of Electromagnetic Waves. Light as an Electromagnetic Wave. The electromagnetic spectrum and the relative applications to medicine: Pulse oximetry, thermography, X-ray diagnostics.
Geometric optics. The Ray Model of Light. Reflection. Image Formation by a plane and a spherical Mirror. Indcx of Refraction. Snell's Law. Total Internal Reflection. Fiber Optics. Thin Lenses. Ray Tracing. The Thin Lens Equation. Magnification. The Human Eye. Corrective Lenses. Reso1ution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification. Optical fibers and endoscopy.
Atomic model. X ray spectrum. The discovery of the nucleus. Some nucleus’ properties. Radioactive decay. Ionizing radiation.

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics : Raymond A. Serway and John W. Jewett

Fundamentals of Physics: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker John Wiley & Sons

The course takes place with lectures in which students are required a continuous interaction by favoring questions on the topics discussed during the lesson.

The course takes place with lectures in which students are required a continuous interaction by favoring questions on the topics discussed during the lesson.

To Pass the test student must obtain a note of 18/30 for each subject of the integrated teach. Student must possess a sufficient knowledge of the program
To obtain a note of 30/30 with distinction student must possess an excellent knowledge of the whole program using a correct terminology to expose the topics

A 10 kg box is pulled up a frictionless inclined plane with a slope of 30 ° by a force F. If F is parallel to the inclined plane, what is its modulus expressed in N?

• Lesson 1
  
  
  Physical quantities and measurement units
  
  
  The International System (SI)
  
  
  Dimensional analysis and orders of magnitude
  • Books: NA


• Lesson 2
  
  
  Scalars and vectors
  
  
  Vector operations
  
  
  Biomedical examples: muscle force, blood flow velocity


• Lesson 3
  
  
  Kinematics of a particle: position, velocity, acceleration
  
  
  Uniform and uniformly accelerated motion


• Lesson 4
  
  
  Two-dimensional motion: projectile motion, circular motion
  
  
  Applications to biomechanics (joint motion, limb rotation)


• Lesson 5
  
  
  Newton’s laws of motion
  
  
  Concepts of force and mass
  
  
  Applications: posture, equilibrium, human motion


• Lesson 6
  
  
  Work and energy
  
  
  Kinetic and potential energy
  
  
  Conservation of mechanical energy


• Lesson 7
  
  
  Linear momentum and its conservation
  
  
  Center of mass
  
  
  Applications to the human body and gait


• Lesson 8
  
  
  Equilibrium of rigid bodies
  
  
  Torque and mechanical moment
  
  
  Statics applied to the human body (levers and joints)


• Lesson 9
  
  
  Fluid statics
  
  
  Pressure and Pascal’s principle
  
  
  Archimedes’ principle


• Lesson 10
  
  
  Fluid dynamics
  
  
  Continuity equation and Bernoulli’s law
  
  
  Applications: heart pump, stenosis, aneurysm


• Lesson 11
  
  
  Surface tension and Laplace’s law
  
  
  Laminar and turbulent flow
  
  
  Hagen–Poiseuille’s law


• Lesson 12
  
  
  Blood pressure measurement
  
  
  Physics of the circulatory and respiratory systems
  
  
  Cardiac work and power


• Lesson 12
  
  
  Blood pressure measurement
  
  
  Physics of the circulatory and respiratory systems
  
  
  Cardiac work and power


• Lesson 14
  
  
  Ideal gas laws and absolute temperature
  
  
  Equation of state of ideal gases
  
  
  Heat, internal energy, and specific heat


• Lesson 15
  
  
  Calorimetry
  
  
  Heat conduction and heat capacity
  
  
  First law of thermodynamics
  
  
  Applications: human metabolism


• Lesson 16
  
  
  Entropy and second law of thermodynamics
  
  
  Thermodynamic cycle of a cardiac phase
  
  
  Mechanical work and efficiency in the human body


• Lesson 17
  
  
  Electric charge and Coulomb’s law
  
  
  Electric field and field lines
  
  
  Electric flux and Gauss’s law


• Lesson 18
  
  
  Conductors and insulators
  
  
  Electric potential energy and equipotential surfaces
  
  
  Capacitors and dielectrics


• Lesson 19
  
  
  Electric current and current density
  
  
  Resistance, resistivity, and Ohm’s law
  
  
  Simple electric circuits
  
  
  Biomedical application: electrical phenomena of the heart (ECG)


• Lesson 20
  
  
  Magnetic field and motion of charges
  
  
  Biot–Savart and Ampère’s laws
  
  
  Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws of induction
  
  
  Electromotive force and electromagnetic induction


• Lesson 21
  
  
  Wave phenomena
  
  
  Mechanical waves: propagation, velocity, intensity
  
  
  Superposition principle


• Lesson 22
  
  
  Electromagnetic waves and spectrum
  
  
  Medical applications: oximetry, thermography, X-ray imaging


• Lesson 23
  
  
  Geometrical optics
  
  
  Reflection and refraction, Snell’s law
  
  
  Thin lenses, magnification, human eye and corrective lenses
  
  
  Optical fibers and endoscopy


• Lesson 24
  
  
  Atomic models and X-ray spectra
  
  
  Nuclear properties and radioactive decay
  
  
  Ionizing radiation and medical diagnostics safety