CLINICAL METHODOLOGY Single channel
Chair (Coordinator) and Rapporteur: N/D
Module 1: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
- Activity type
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- SSD
- MED/02
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 others hours
- Lecturers
- ELISABETTA SIRGIOVANNI
Module 2: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
- Activity type
- Clinica generale medica e chirurgica, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
- SSD
- MED/09, MED/09
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 3
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours, 25 others hours
- Lecturers
- PIA BAIOCCHI
MANUELA MERLI
LAURA D'ERASMO
Module 3: GENERAL SURGERY V
- Activity type
- Inglese scientifico e abilità linguistiche, informatiche e relazionali, pedagogia medica, tecnologie avanzate e a distanza di informazione e comunicazione
- SSD
- L-LIN/12
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 3
- Hours distribution
- 36 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- RENZO MOCINI
LIDIA CASTAGNETO GISSEY
Module 4: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
- Activity type
- Clinica generale medica e chirurgica, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
- SSD
- MED/09, MED/09
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 4
- Hours distribution
- 36 classroom hours, 25 others hours
- Lecturers
Module 5: GENERAL SURGERY VI
- Activity type
- Clinica generale medica e chirurgica, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
- SSD
- MED/18, MED/18
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 4
- Hours distribution
- 36 classroom hours, 25 others hours
- Lecturers
Module 6: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- Activity type
- Clinica generale medica e chirurgica, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento
- SSD
- MED/18, MED/18
- Year
- N/D
- Semester
- N/D
- CFU
- 4
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours, 50 others hours
- Lecturers
- SALVATORE SORRENTI
PAOLO BRUZZONE
FATIMA DELLA PIETRA
AUGUSTO LAURO
FABIO MELANDRO
Learning outcomes
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Knowledge of the main concepts, theories, and approaches of contemporary bioethics, and skills to face contemporary bioethical debates.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
The English Language III course (an integral part of Clinical Methodology) intends to introduce the fundamental concepts of Evidence-Based Medicine. Various types of scientific and epidemiological studies will be examined. In particular, the focus will be on the lexicon and text format. An integral part of the course will be the search for sources through the most employed databases and the creation of a bibliography.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N/D
Prerequisites
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Basics of philosophy at a high-school level are preferred but not essential.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
In order to obtain formal recognition of their English-Language competence and performance in English Language, the students need to have passed the Pre-clinical Medical-Scientific Methodology exam. A knowledge of the rudiments of statistics is also recommended.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N/D
Programme
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
The course will explore the following topics: basics of logic and psychology of ethical-medical reasoning, history of medical ethics, main ethical theories and approaches in bioethics, clinical cases and misconduct in scientific research, neuroethics. Examples, case studies and practical activities will deal with topics from the contemporary bioethical debate.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
Learning objectives:
Communication and relationships in medicine:
Develop the ability to establish an effective doctor–patient relationship (language and goals of the medical interview, the triadic relationship, the chronic patient, difficult communications, values and ethics in medicine, etc.).
Medical-scientific terminology:
Introduction to the correct use of specific medical terminology (general aspects and organ/system-specific terminology).
Medical history (Anamnesis):
Acquire knowledge and skills to systematically collect a patient’s medical history.
Be able to obtain the patient’s medical history using appropriate medical terminology.
Learn to identify priorities in history-taking depending on the clinical setting (inpatient ward, outpatient clinic, emergency department, etc.).
Physical examination:
Learn to perform a systematic physical examination in adult patients: general physical examination, measurement of vital signs, and examination of individual organs and systems (practical activities: skill lab, on mannequins, peer-to-peer, and/or in the ward).
Be able to distinguish normal from pathological findings.
Use appropriate medical-scientific terminology to describe findings identified during the physical examination.
Semeiotics and clinical methodology:
Know and be able to define the main pathological signs and symptoms related to each organ and system.
Know and be able to define the main syndromic patterns.
Acquire basic notions of diagnostic methodology for the different organs and systems:
Application of major laboratory tests in the study of various organs and systems
Application of the main instrumental diagnostic techniques in the study of various organs and systems
In-depth study of pathological conditions, with particular focus on the following systems:
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Renal
Urogenital
Endocrine
Gastrointestinal (digestive) system and associated organs (liver, biliary tract, pancreas, etc.)
Circulatory system (aorta, supra-aortic vessels, peripheral arteries, nervous system)
Breast
Acid–base and fluid–electrolyte balance
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
This course is divided into two modules. The first module (24 hour-long lectures) introduces the basics of Evidence-based Medicine [EBM] and ways of formulating clinical questions. In the second module (12 hour-long lectures) the focus is on strategies to apply to find bibliographical sources availing oneself of specialised databases, in particular PubMed. The students will learn how to use the most typical phraseologies with a view to creating an electronic lexical notebook and an EBM corpus.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Medical history (Anamnesis)
General overview: collecting and writing the patient’s medical history
Physical examination
General overview: basic concepts and scientific terminology
Vital signs
Semeiotics of fever
Semeiotics of pain
Semeiotics of shock
The malnourished patient
Malnutrition by deficiency and by excess
Physical examination and semeiotics of the head and neck
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Salivary glands
Lymph nodes
The cardiologic patient
Physical examination and semeiotics in the cardiologic patient
Introduction to laboratory and instrumental tests
The patient with respiratory disease
Respiratory symptoms
Physical examination and semeiotics in the patient with respiratory disease
Introduction to laboratory and instrumental tests
Surgical semeiotics of the chest
Semeiotics of the breast
The patient with gastrointestinal disease
Semeiotics and scientific terminology (nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, etc.)
Physical examination of the abdomen
The patient with liver disease
Physical examination and semeiotics in the patient with liver disease
Introduction to laboratory and instrumental tests
Effusions
Dysproteinemias
Biliary tract and gallbladder
Jaundice
Pre-hepatic jaundice
Intra-hepatic jaundice
Post-hepatic jaundice
Semeiotics and differential diagnosis
The patient with acute abdominal disease
Acute abdomen
Peritonitis
Intestinal obstruction
Perforations
Intestinal ischemia
Semeiotics of pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Neoplastic diseases of the pancreas
Semeiotics of gastrointestinal bleeding
Semeiotics of benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases
Semeiotics of the proctologic patient
Semeiotics of abdominal wall diseases
Hernias and incisional hernias
Semeiotics of urological diseases
Hematuria
Urinary calculi
Prostatic disease
Neoplastic diseases of the urinary tract
Semeiotics of the patient with renal disease
Alterations in urination (polyuria, anuria, etc.)
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Introduction to laboratory and instrumental tests in patients with renal disease
Semeiotics of skin alterations and visible swellings
Semeiotics of wounds, ulcers, and burns
Semeiotics of the vascular system
Venous disease
Arterial disease
Semeiotics of acute aortic syndromes
Semeiotics of the neurological patient
Neurological examination
Altered states of consciousness
Semeiotics of the musculoskeletal system
Semeiotics of the diabetic patient
Signs and symptoms of hematologic diseases
White blood cell disorders
Red blood cell disorders
Platelet disorders
Semeiotics of the immune system
Autoimmunity
Immunodeficiencies
Books
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Selected chapters from the following books:
Lalli C., Corbellini G., Bioetica per perplessi, Mondadori 2016 (ONLY CH 1 AND 2).
Corbellini G., Sirgiovanni E., Tutta colpa del cervello: un’introduzione alla neuroetica, Mondadori 2013 (ONLY CH 1 and 5).
+ A mandatory reading:
- Blumenthal-Barby J.S., Biases and Heuristics in Decision Making and Their Impact on Autonomy, The American Journal of Bioethics 2016, 16(5): 5–15.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
1. Amoroso A., Rossi Fanelli F. Semeiotica Medica e Metodologia Clinica - A. Delfino Editore
2. Amoroso A., et al. Semeiotica Chirurgica - Metodologia, Clinica e Terapia - A. Delfino Editore
3. Fradà G. Semeiotica Medica nell’Adulto e nell’Anziano - Piccin Editore
4. Bickley L.S. Bates. Esame obiettivo e anamnesi - Piccin-Nuova Libraria
5. Nardo B., Pata, F. Metodologia Clinica e Sistematica Medico-Chirurgica. Lezioni di Chirurgia Generale - Società Editrice Esculapio
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
N/D
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1. Amoroso A., Rossi Fanelli F. Semeiotica Medica e Metodologia Clinica - A. Delfino Editore
2. Amoroso A., et al. Semeiotica Chirurgica - Metodologia, Clinica e Terapia - A. Delfino Editore
3. Fradà G. Semeiotica Medica nell’Adulto e nell’Anziano - Piccin Editore
4. Bickley L.S. Bates. Esame obiettivo e anamnesi - Piccin-Nuova Libraria
5. Nardo B., Pata, F. Metodologia Clinica e Sistematica Medico-Chirurgica. Lezioni di Chirurgia Generale - Società Editrice Esculapio
Bibliography
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
N/D
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
1. Amoroso A., Rossi Fanelli F. Semeiotica Medica e Metodologia Clinica - A. Delfino Editore
2. Amoroso A., et al. Semeiotica Chirurgica - Metodologia, Clinica e Terapia - A. Delfino Editore
3. Fradà G. Semeiotica Medica nell’Adulto e nell’Anziano - Piccin Editore
4. Bickley L.S. Bates. Esame obiettivo e anamnesi - Piccin-Nuova Libraria
5. Nardo B., Pata, F. Metodologia Clinica e Sistematica Medico-Chirurgica. Lezioni di Chirurgia Generale - Società Editrice Esculapio
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
N/D
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1. Amoroso A., Rossi Fanelli F. Semeiotica Medica e Metodologia Clinica - A. Delfino Editore
2. Amoroso A., et al. Semeiotica Chirurgica - Metodologia, Clinica e Terapia - A. Delfino Editore
3. Fradà G. Semeiotica Medica nell’Adulto e nell’Anziano - Piccin Editore
4. Bickley L.S. Bates. Esame obiettivo e anamnesi - Piccin-Nuova Libraria
5. Nardo B., Pata, F. Metodologia Clinica e Sistematica Medico-Chirurgica. Lezioni di Chirurgia Generale - Società Editrice Esculapio
Lessons mode
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
The course is structured in frontal lectures, class discussions and assignments.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
Face-to-face lectures.
Students will perform tasks related to finding scientific evidence..
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N/D
Frequency
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Attendance is mandatory: 67% of the course
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
Attendance for the course is mandatory.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N/D
Exam mode
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
Written test in mixed format (multiple choice, blankets, true-false, short answer, etc.) consisting of 15 questions.
The score is PASS/FAIL (in order to pass the test, the student needs to respond correctly to 9 out of 15 questions).
In person and online.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
Assessment consists of an end-of-course test which the students will upload to the e-learning platform. Students must demonstrate their ability to critically appraise a research article, identifying, for example, the clinical question to which the study intends to respond, or identifying possible risks of bias. The students are also required to create a bibliography of their own on PubMed starting from a chosen topic.
To pass this test the students must show they
- have acquired the ability to provide a good critical appraisal of a research article;
- know how to create a research path correctly and in a creative way starting from a chosen topic;
- are capable of choosing and using words and phrases appropriate to their work;
- know how to use the PubMed search engine with confidence and creativity.
If the end-of-course test does not achieve the results foreseen, the students can repeat the test in the light of the teacher's indications during one of the exam sessions foreseen by the calendar (summer, autumn, winter).
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N/D
Example exam questions
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
N/D
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
Students conduct a seach on PubMed concerning a topic of their choice with the aim of finding scientific evidence.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N/D
Arguments
Module: HISTORY OF MEDICINE
- Flawed reasoning in bioethics: logical fallacies and cognitive biases.
- Theories in medical ethics
- History of medical ethics and bioethics
- Clinical cases: practical activity on the four bioethical principles
- Neuroethics and ethics of clinical AI
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE V
- Anamnesis, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Vital Parameter, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Semeiotics of pain: general aspects , as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Cardiology patient: Physical and instrumental semeiotics , as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Cardiology patient: introduction to laboratory tests, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Cardiology patient: ECG, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- The semeiotics of fever, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Semeiotics of infectious and parasitic diseases, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Chest examination and semeiotics in patients with respiratory disease, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Introduction to laboratory and instrumental examinations of pulmonary patients, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Scientific terminology in gastroenterology patients, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Physical examination of the liver and semeiotics of patients with liver disease, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Introduction to laboratory and instrumental examinations in patients with liver disease, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Diagnosis and withdrawal procedures for effusions, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
- Professional training lessons, as set out in the programme available on the e-learning platform.
Module: GENERAL SURGERY V
- Introduction to the concept of Evidence-Based Medicine. The quality of information found online.
- How to evaluate a medical information source on the Web. Exercise.
- Formulating a clinical question. Background and foreground questions. The PICO model.
- The different types of study designs. Types of bias.
- Reading and evaluating a research paper.
- How to find medical-scientific evidence. The PubMed search engine.
- Exercise on PubMed. Applying MeSH vocabulary. Using Google Scholar.
- Creating a bibliography with the best medical-scientific sources.
Module: INTERNAL MEDICINE VI
N/D
Module: GENERAL SURGERY VI
N/D
Module: ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- General physical examination: the medical record
- Vital parameters
- Semiotics of the neck: Salivary glands and lymph nodes
- Semiotics of the neck: Thyroid
- Semiotics of the Neck: Parathyroids
- Semiotics, scientific terminology and objective examination of the abdomen
- Liver E.O. and semeiotics of the patient with liver disease
- Surgical semiotics of the thorax
- Semiotics of skin alterations and visible swellings
- Semiotics, scientific terminology and objective examination of the abdomen
- Jaundice (the surgeon's point of view)
- Digestive Bleeding
- Surgical semiotics of acute gastrointestinal pathology: Acute abdomen, Peritonitis
- Surgical semiotics of acute gastrointestinal pathology: Interactive clinical cases
- Semiotics of the Pancreas
- Surgical semiotics of acute gastrointestinal pathology (intestinal obstruction, perforation, intestinal ischemia)
- Surgical semiotics of acute gastrointestinal pathology: Interactive clinical cases
- Professionalizing practical activities as outlined in the program
- Academic year2026/2027
- Degree program to which the course belongsMedicine and Surgery "B" - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I
- Languageita
- CFU19 CFU, distributed among 6 integrated didactic modules
- Total duration293 hours