Medicine and Surgery

FIBROUS PROTEINS Keratins. Major fibrillar collagens . Biosynthesis of collagen type I. FACIT collagen, not fibrillar collagens. Overview of the main collagenopathy. Elastin and fibrillin. Actin and myosin. BIOCHEMISTRY OF SUGARS Monosaccharides and their derivatives. Α- and β-glycosidic bonds. Disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose). Structure and function of homopolysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose). Structure and function of heteropolysaccharides: peptidoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. Glycoconjugates: proteoglycans, glycolipids, lipopolysaccharides, glycoproteins. Lectins. BIOCHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS Main types of lipids and their classification ( triglycerides , waxes , phospholipids , sphingolipids ) . Terpenes , sterols , bile salts , steroid hormones . Lipids as Signals , cofactors and pigments . Vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K. BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE Composition and architecture of the membranes. Function membranes in cell partitioning. Phospholipid bilayer, asymmetric distribution of different phospholipids and glycolipids. Structural organization of biological membranes. Membrane Dynamics. Peripheral and integral protein. Lipid anchors. Lipid rafts and caveolae. SOLUTE TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES Kinetics of passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Pori-channel vs. conveyors. Uniport, symporter and antiporter. Main types of protein-channels. Glucose transporters.Active transport. Mechanism of action Na/K ATPase. ATP-dependent proton pumps classes (class P, F, V, ABC proteins). Secondary active transport. Aquaporins structure. Endocytosis and exocytosis.Ion channels and ion transporters. Ion channels to variable access. Selectivity of ion channels. Structure of voltage-gated potassium channel. Acetylcholine receptor structure, ionic channel controlled by ligand.

Knowledge of fundamental principles of general chemistry. Basic knowledge of organic chemistry for the study of biochemistry: structure of organic molecules, functional groups and their main features and reactivity. In order to sit the exam, the student must have passed Chemistry and Introduction to Biochemistry.

David L. Nelson e Michael M. Cox I PRINCIPI DI BIOCHIMICA DI LEHNINGER (ottava edizione) Ed. Zanichelli Garrett - Grisham BIOCHIMICA, Ed. Piccin Thomas M. Devlin Biochimica con aspetti clinici Ed. Edises

Formal Lectures and learning tests (to assess in an informal way the learning during the teaching).

Mandatory attendance

The evaluation of learning will be based on the outcome of a written exam structured as follows: -chemical structure of biomolecules -multiple-choice questions -open questions If necessary, exams can be administered online.

Formal Lectures and learning tests (to assess in an informal way the learning during the teaching).