Medicine and Surgery "D" - Roma Azienda Policlinico Umberto I

Activity type

Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/05, MED/05

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours, 25 others hours

Lecturers

MARIANO BIZZARRI
CINZIA MARCHESE
ANTONIO ANGELONI

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

BIO/12

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours

Lecturers

FRANCESCA MEGIORNI
MICHELE ZAMPIERI

Activity type

Patologia generale e molecolare, immunopatologia, fisiopatologia generale, microbiologia e parassitologia

SSD

MED/07

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours

Lecturers

VALERIA ANTONIETTA PIETROPAOLO
SERENA SCHIPPA

Activity type

Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze

SSD

MED/46

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours

Lecturers

CINZIA MARCHESE

Activity type

Formazione clinica interdisciplinare e medicina basata sulle evidenze, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/05, MED/05

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

3

Hours distribution

25 classroom hours, 25 others hours

Lecturers

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata

SSD

BIO/12

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours

Lecturers

Activity type

Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica integrata, Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/07, MED/07

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

2

Hours distribution

12.5 classroom hours, 25 others hours

Lecturers

Activity type

Tirocini formativi e di orientamento

SSD

MED/46

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

1

Hours distribution

25 others hours

Lecturers

At the end of the course the student will have to know the biochemical-molecular parameters, in biological samples and in vivo, at the different levels of structural and functional organization: from molecules to cells, tissues, organs, to the whole organism. - knowing how to critically interpret laboratory findings in relation to pathophysiological states for the purpose of diagnosis and prognosis. These objectives will be achieved through the study of the methodologies relevant to the Laboratory Medicine and the data obtained from it relating to the pathological conditions of Man and through the biochemical-molecular study of a single pathology to arrive at a medical decision.

At the end of the course, students will be expected to understand biochemical and molecular parameters in biological samples and in vivo, at different levels of structural and functional organization, from molecules to cells, tissues, organs, and the entire organism. These objectives will be achieved through the study of laboratory medicine methodologies and the data derived from them in various human pathological conditions, as well as through the biochemical and molecular analysis of a single pathology, leading to the formulation of an evidence-based medical decision. The curriculum will be integrated with principles of electronics applied to biomedical instrumentation, biosensors and lab-on-chip devices for miniaturized and point-of-care analyses, biological signal acquisition and processing systems, laboratory automation and robotics, as well as the use of artificial intelligence for diagnostic data analysis. This will provide students with interdisciplinary skills useful for understanding the technological functioning of diagnostic platforms, evaluating their analytical reliability, and contributing to the development of innovative solutions for precision medicine.

At the beginning of the planned teaching activities for understanding the topics covered in the course prerequisites are an adequate knowledge of the topics covered in the examinations of: Physiology, General Pathology, Immunology.

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Principles and methods for laboratory diagnosis of infection diseases. Demonstration of the pathogen and its constituents. Demonstration of an immune response. The request for microbiological and virological investigations. Collection, transport and storage of clinical samples for microbiological and virological examinations. Determination of sensitivity / resistance of pathogens to chemoantibiotics: methods; interpretation of results; dosing of chemoantibiotics in biological tissues and fluids. Human microbiota
Etiology, signs of pathogenesis, clinical samples, laboratory diagnostic procedures, interpretation of the results of microbiological and virological investigations related to: intestinal infections; skin infections; infections of the musculoskeletal system; respiratory tract infections; systemic infections; infections of the central nervous system; infections of the cardiovascular system; infections of the genitourinary system and sexually transmitted infections; prenatal, connatal and perinatal infections. Nosocomial infections.


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Introduction:
- Logic and Diagnostic: direct and indirect diagnostics
- Markers of function and injury
- Laboratory tests: definition, procedure of analysis request
- Pre-analytical variability and measurement units:errors and quality control
- Withdrawal techniques
- The appropriateness of the request (DRG)
Alterations of the DNA molecule
- Molecular biology techniques useful in the diagnosis of genetic alterations
- DNA polymorphisms: RFLP, minisatellites and micro satellites
- Applications in molecular pathology
- Molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases: direct and indirect
- Molecular mechanisms of disease:
- Duchenne and Becker myopathy
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Fragile X syndrome
- Cystic fibrosis
- Haemophilia A
Alterations of the RNA molecule in transcription, splicing and translation
- Methods for studying gene expression and their applications:
- PCR-real time and microarray
Alterations of proteins
- Molecular aspects in pathologies associated with protein accumulation:
- Systemic and localized amyloidosis
- Neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein aggregates: Alzheimer's disease
- Clinical significance and dosage of steroid hormone receptors
- Proteomics
Molecular pathology of sugars
- diabetes
Molecular pathology of lipids
- Lipid peroxidation
- Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis
Molecular oncology
- Morphological characteristics of the tumor cell
- Benign and malignant tumors
- Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
- Cell death by apoptosis
- Tumor markers: monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis
Radiobiology: definition
- Isotopes and radioactive decays; methods of production of artificial isotopes and X-rays to be used in clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
- Radiation: definition and classification (electromagnetic radiation and corpuscle radiation),
- Unit of measure
- Physical interactions of radiation with matter (photoelectric effect, Compton and pair formation)
- Chemical modifications resulting from the absorption of radiation
- Biomolecular damage from radiation
- Radiation tissue damage (acute and late)
- Radiation damage to the developing organism
- Genetic effects of ionizing radiation
- Radiation and cancer
- Human exposure to radiation and radiation protection standards
- Dose limits for the population and for workers exposed for occupational reasons
Basic profile of clinical analyzes:
- Complete blood count
- HCT
- Protidogram
- Enzymes
- Coagulation
- Blood diseases and interpretation of the hemogram
- HCT anemias
- Blood groups
- The liver disease laboratory
- The laboratory of nephropathies:
- The urine
- The laboratory of viral infections
- HPV
- PAP test



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Marcello Ciaccio, Giuseppe Lippi. Biochimica clinica e medicina di laboratorio. III edizione. EDISES
Italo Antonozzi, Elio Gulletta. Fondamenti di medicina di laboratorio. Chimica clinica e patologia clinica. PICCIN



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Marcello Ciaccio, Giuseppe Lippi. Biochimica clinica e medicina di laboratorio. III edizione. EDISES
Italo Antonozzi, Elio Gulletta. Fondamenti di medicina di laboratorio. Chimica clinica e patologia clinica. PICCIN



Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
“Microbiologia Medica” Maria Pia Conte & Francesca Berlutti, 2023, Societa Editrice Esculapio s.r.l.

"Principi di microbiologia clinica" Eudes Lanciotti, Editore: CEA

“Microbiologia Clinica” Roberto Cevenini, PICCIN EDITORE


Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
N/D
Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE II - TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
N/D

Traditional and, in duly documented cases, remotely

The student must attend at least 70% of the frontal lessons of each module, participate in small group exercises, as well as acquire the required skills (complete blood count and urinalysis).

To pass the exam student must obtain a grade ranging from 18 to 30 in each module, demonstrating that he has acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics of blood diseases, clinical pathology and internal medicine, a basic knowledge of the topics of general pathology and be able to read a laboratory report by knowing the reference values .
To achieve a score of 30/30 cum laude, the student must instead demonstrate that he has acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and consistent way, treating and placing the laboratory investigations in a contest of biological and pathophysiological processes concerning organs, apparatuses and metabolic systems.
The student must attend at least 70% of the frontal lessons of each module, participate in small group exercises, as well as acquire the required skills (complete blood count and urinalysis).

- Logic and Diagnostic: direct and indirect diagnostics
- Markers of function and injury
- Laboratory tests: definition, procedure of analysis request
- Pre-analytical variability and measurement units:errors and quality control
- Withdrawal techniques
- The appropriateness of the request (DRG)
Alterations of the DNA molecule
- Molecular biology techniques useful in the diagnosis of genetic alterations
- DNA polymorphisms: RFLP, minisatellites and micro satellites
- Applications in molecular pathology
- Molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases: direct and indirect
- Molecular mechanisms of disease:
- Duchenne and Becker myopathy
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Fragile X syndrome
- Cystic fibrosis
- Haemophilia A
Alterations of the RNA molecule in transcription, splicing and translation
- Methods for studying gene expression and their applications:
- PCR-real time and microarray
Alterations of proteins
- Molecular aspects in pathologies associated with protein accumulation:
- Systemic and localized amyloidosis
- Neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein aggregates: Alzheimer's disease
- Clinical significance and dosage of steroid hormone receptors
- Proteomics
Molecular pathology of sugars
- diabetes
Molecular pathology of lipids
- Lipid peroxidation
- Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis
Molecular oncology
- Morphological characteristics of the tumor cell
- Benign and malignant tumors
- Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
- Cell death by apoptosis
- Tumor markers: monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis
Radiobiology: definition
- Isotopes and radioactive decays; methods of production of artificial isotopes and X-rays to be used in clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
- Radiation: definition and classification (electromagnetic radiation and corpuscle radiation),
- Unit of measure
- Physical interactions of radiation with matter (photoelectric effect, Compton and pair formation)
- Chemical modifications resulting from the absorption of radiation
- Biomolecular damage from radiation
- Radiation tissue damage (acute and late)
- Radiation damage to the developing organism
- Genetic effects of ionizing radiation
- Radiation and cancer
- Human exposure to radiation and radiation protection standards
- Dose limits for the population and for workers exposed for occupational reasons
Basic profile of clinical analyzes:
- Complete blood count
- HCT

Module: LABORATORY MEDICINE I - CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

•  
  
  Endocrine
  disorders: pituitary gland, epiphysis, hypothalamus, adrenal gland
  • Books: Allan Gaw et
    
    al., Clinical Biochemistry, 2015, Churchill Livingstone publisher
    
    
    
    Carton J. Oxford
    
    handbook of clinical pathology, 2017, Oxford University Press


• New analytical technologies. Sensors,
  proteomics, telemedicine, metabolomics. The Laboratory Medicine in Space


• Immunity
  disorders, allergies and intolerances.


• Endocrine disorders: bone and calcium
  metabolism. PTH, vitamin D3 and Calcitonin


• Endocrine
  disorders: gonads and reproductive function


• Endocrine
  disorders: thyroid

• Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry. Pre-analytical phase, patient preparation, specimen collection and transport (Lecture, 3 hours).


• The analytical phase, analytical interferences, random and systematic errors, precision and accuracy, analytical sensitivity and specificity. Internal and external quality control (Lecture, 3 hours).


• Biological variability. Reference intervals and critical difference. Operational characteristics of laboratory tests: diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, predictive values, diagnostic efficiency, and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve (Lecture, 3 hours).


• Acid-base balance and blood gases (Lecture, 3 hours).


• Water-electrolyte balance (Lecture, 3 hours).

• Laboratory
  Medicine - Logic and Clinical Pathology Ed Antonozzi – Gulletta Piccin 


• Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  Ed. Marcello Ciaccio and Giuseppe Lippi EdiSES