Medicine and Surgery HT

DANIELA POZZI

The expected learning outcomes for the course in Medical Physics are a set of specific skills that students should acquire by the end of the course. These outcomes reflect the knowledge, abilities, and competencies that students should demonstrate in the discipline of Medical Physics.
1. Knowledge of the fundamentals of Physics: Students will be able to demonstrate a deep understanding of the fundamental principles of physics, such as mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, and thermodynamics, and apply them to the understanding of physical phenomena in the medical context.
2. Critical analysis and problem-solving: Students will develop the ability to critically analyze situations and problems related to Medical Physics, identify appropriate solutions, and apply problem-solving methods.
3. Communication and presentation: Students will acquire effective communication skills and be able to present the concepts of Medical Physics clearly and coherently, both in written and oral form, using appropriate technical language.
These expected learning outcomes provide an overview of the key skills that students should acquire in the course of Medical Physics, enabling them to successfully apply physics in medical contexts and contribute to the field of health and well-being.

The expected learning outcomes for the course in Medical Physics are a set of specific skills that students should acquire by the end of the course. These outcomes reflect the knowledge, abilities, and competencies that students should demonstrate in the discipline of Medical Physics.
1. Knowledge of the fundamentals of Physics: Students will be able to demonstrate a deep understanding of the fundamental principles of physics, such as mechanics, electromagnetism, optics, and thermodynamics, and apply them to the understanding of physical phenomena in the medical context.
2. Critical analysis and problem-solving: Students will develop the ability to critically analyze situations and problems related to Medical Physics, identify appropriate solutions, and apply problem-solving methods.
3. Communication and presentation: Students will acquire effective communication skills and be able to present the concepts of Medical Physics clearly and coherently, both in written and oral form, using appropriate technical language.
These expected learning outcomes provide an overview of the key skills that students should acquire in the course of Medical Physics, enabling them to successfully apply physics in medical contexts and contribute to the field of health and well-being.

In order to understand the teaching content and to achieve the learning objectives, at the beginning of the didactic activities foreseen by the didactic module the student must possess the knowledge on:
Numerical structures; operations with natural, whole, rational, real;
inequalities and related calculation rules; properties of the powers.
Elementary algebra, equations and algebraic inequalities of first and second degree.
Elements of Euclidean geometry of the plane and of the space.
Elements of analytical geometry of the plane.
Elements of trigonometry.
Real functions of real variable; elementary functions: powers, polynomials, roots, exponentials, logarithms; basic trigonometric functions.

1. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTOR OPERATIONS
The concept of physical quantity; Fundamental and derived quantities; Measurement of a physical quantity: unit of measurement; Scalar and vector quantities; Vector operations: sum and difference of vectors; the product of a vector by a scalar; scalar product; Vectorial Product; recall of trigonometry.
2. MECHANICS
Kinematics: trajectory, speed, and acceleration; simple motions.
The forces and the laws of dynamics: the forces; the principles of dynamics; The fields of forces; the gravitational force; Mass, weight, and density.
3. BIOMECHANICS
Moment of a force; Conditions of equilibrium of a body; Balance of the joints; Balance of the hip joint; Balance of the foot in lifting; Trunk-vertebral balance; Frictional force; Static and dynamic friction; Friction in the joints; Elasticity and elastic deformations; Flexion and torsion fractures.
4. ENERGY AND THE WORK OF THE FORCES
Work of a force; Energy and power; Work and power in muscle contractions; Kinetic energy of bodies; Kinetic energy (or living forces) theorem; Conservative force fields; Work of conservative forces; Potential energy; Principle of conservation of mechanical energy.
5. HEMODYNAMICS
Density and pressure; Pressure unit of measurement; Pascal's principle; Archimedes' principle; Flow rate and continuity equation; Non-viscous fluids: Bernoulli's theorem; The hydrodynamic circuit of the blood; Flow rate of the vessels and blood velocity; Applications of Bernoulli's theorem to the case of blood; Resistance of the vessels and pressure changes in the circulatory system; Work and cardiac power; Heart pump and cardiac cycle; Measurement of blood pressure.
6. ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA IN MAN
Electric charge and Coulomb force; Electric field and electrostatic potential; Lines of force of the electric field and equipotential surfaces; The electric field across cell membranes. Membrane potentials; The electrocardiogram. Charge distributions; The electric current; Ohm's law; Resistors and capacitors; The Joule effect.
7. ELECTROMAGNETISM
The magnetic field; Magnetic induction field generated by a wire crossed by electric current; The Lorentz Force; The motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field.
8. WAVES AND RADIATIONS: EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY
General information on the waves; Longitudinal and transverse waves; Mechanical waves; Sound waves: sounds, infrasounds, ultrasounds; Speed of sound waves; Intensity of sound waves; Electromagnetic waves; The electromagnetic spectrum; Speed of electromagnetic waves; Energy carried by electromagnetic waves. The photons.

Slides
Elementi di Fisica Biomedica - Scannicchio Domenico, Edises
Elementi di Fisica - G. Capitani, E. De Sanctis - Editore: La Sapienza

Frontal lessons in the classroom, where theoretical parts and exercises will alternate.

The Student must attend at least 67% of the hours scheduled for the course.

Written exam with exercises and oral. To pass the exam you need to achieve a grade of not less than 18/30.

Multiple-choice exercises

• Introduction to Physics Methods (01-02/09/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises 


• Mechanics (02-15/09/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises 


• Fluid Mechanics (16-24/09/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises 


• Mechanical Waves (24/09/2025-01/10/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises 


• Thermodynamics (01-14/10/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises 


• Electricity and Magnetism (14-30/10/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises 


• Electromagnetic Radiation (30/10/2025-05/11/2025)
  • Books: R. A. Serway, J. W. Jewett Jr - Fondamenti di fisica – Edises D. C. Giancoli - Fisica con fisica moderna - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana - Zanichelli J. S. Walker – Fondamenti di Fisica – Pearson A. Alessandrini - Fisica per le scienze della vita - Casa Ed. Ambrosiana – Zanichelli D. Scannicchio - Fisica Generale e Biomedica – Edises