Dentistry and Dental Prosthodontics

Activity type

B_03. Morfologia umana e funzioni biologiche integrate di organi, sistemi e apparati umani

SSD

BIO/16

Year

1st year

Semester

2nd semester

CFU

5

Hours distribution

60 classroom hours

Lecturers

SELENIA MIGLIETTA
ELENA DE SANTIS

Activity type

B_03. Morfologia umana e funzioni biologiche integrate di organi, sistemi e apparati umani

SSD

BIO/16

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

5

Hours distribution

60 classroom hours

Lecturers

SELENIA MIGLIETTA
ELENA DE SANTIS

After completion of the course of Human Anatomy I, the student needs to have an appropriate knowledge in normal anatomical structure of the body and its various cells and tissues and organ systems. In particular, the student has to demonstrate knowledge and understanding in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, lymphatic and respiratory systems, with special reference to Oral Anatomy as well as the head and neck Gross Anatomy.
Finally, the student should be able: i) to draw individual adult tooth structures ii) to recognize human organs on anatomical models and iii) posses a basic anatomical terminology.
After completion of the course of Human Anatomy II, the student needs to have an appropriate knowledge of the main macro- and microscopic structures, with particular reference to the central and peripheral nervous system and splanchnic organs of dental interest, connecting the structural organisation and corresponding functions in a profession perspective.
Furthermore, the student should be able: i) to recognize the anatomical structures at both macro- and microscopic level (Gross Anatomy on anatomical models; observation of histological slides under optical microscope) and ii) to posses a precise anatomical terminology.

Upon completion of the Anatomy I course, the student must know the morphology and structure of the human body in its macro- and microscopic aspects, with particular reference to the anatomy of the stomatognathic system and the regions of the neck and head; must know the basic anatomy of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, lymphatic and respiratory systems; know how to draw permanent teeth; knowing how to describe and recognize the studied structures on anatomical models; have a basic anatomical language.
Upon completion of the Anatomy II course, the student must know and understand the morphology and structure of the human body in its macro- and microscopic aspects, with particular reference to splanchnology and the nervous system of dental interest.
The student must be able to recognize the studied structures at a macroscopic (anatomical models) and microscopic (optical microscope) level; possess a precise anatomical language; know how to make correlations between the various organs and systems and their functions in a professional perspective.

The understanding of the Human Anatomy I module does not require any prerequisites or prior knowledge.
The Human Anatomy II module, on the other hand, requires the achievement of the learning objectives and the acquisition of the educational content of Human Anatomy I, which therefore constitutes a compulsory prerequisite.

Prerequisite: Human Anatomy I → Human Anatomy II.

GENERAL CONCEPTS OF ANATOMY (4 hours)
Generalities: knowing the structural levels of organization of living matter. Anatomical terminology: position and movement terms.
EMBRIOGENESIS AND DENTAL MORPHOLOGY (10 hours)
Embryogenesis of teeth. General characteristics of permanent teeth. Teeth drawing techniques.
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS (7 hours)
Types of bones. Joint classification. The skull. Cranial fossae. Neck muscles (suprahyoid, subioid and lateral) and cervical fasciae. Vertebral column. Types of vertebrae and their joints. Rib cage (bones and joints). Overview of the upper limb. Overall view of the lower limb
STOMATOGNATIC APPARATUS (7 hours)
Temporo-mandibular joint. Mouth. Greater salivary glands. Pharynx. Mimic muscles. Masticatory muscles.
CARDIOCIRCULATORY SYSTEM (12 hours)
Shape, position and relationships of the heart. Architecture and structure of the heart. Big and small circle. Overview of the arterial, capillary and venous systems. General disposition, structural and systematic characteristics of arteries and veins; arterial and venous vascularization of the organs of the facial massif and of the stomatognathic apparatus.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (4 hours)
Primary and secondary lymphatic organs. Lymphatic vessels and lymphatic circulation. Main lymphatic trunks of the human body. Main lymph node groups of the head and neck.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (6 hours)
Nose and nasal cavities. Paranasal sinuses. Pharynx. Larynx. Tracheobronchial tree. Lungs and pleurae. Arrangement and importance of pleura in respiratory mechanics. Mediastinum

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (12 hours)
Oral cavity and attached salivary glands. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Small and large intestine. Liver and biliary tract. Pancreas. Peritoneum.
URINARY SYSTEM (6 hours)
Kidneys and urinary tract.
MALE GENITAL SYSTEM (3 hours)
Testis. Spermatic and annexed glands. External genitals. Male perineum.
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM (3 hours)
Ovary. Uterine tubes. Uterus. Vagina. External genitals. Female perineum.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (4 hours)
The main glands of the human body and their location.
CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (22 hours)
General organization of the central and peripheral nervous system. Nervous tissue. Meninges. Cerebral ventricles, liquor circulation. Encefalic trunk. Cerebellum. Mid-brain. Diencephalus. Telencephalon (lobes and functional areas). Deep brain region (deep gray nuclei, internal capsule). Cerebral vasculature. Spinal cord. Main spinal reflexes. Spinal nerves. Limbic system. Centers and ways of general sensitivity. Motor tract (pyramidal and extrapyramidal). Cranial nerves. Olfactory pathways. Optical pathways. Vestibular pathways. Acoustic pathways. Taste routes. Autonomic nervous system.

S. Standring, Gray's Anatomy, The anatomical basis of clinical practice(42 ed) Elsevier
Anastasi et al, Human Anatomy (1st Engl ed on the 5th original ed) Edi-Ermes
Neil S. Norton, Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry (3rd ed) Elsevier

Module: HUMAN ANATOMY I
N/D
Module: HUMAN ANATOMY II
N/D

The teacher delivers lectures with traditional methods with audiovisual aids and scheduling of lessons as reported on GOMP Aule/Orari system, published on the website of the Dental School

Following paragraph 4.5 of the Regulations of the Dental School, the student is required to attend educational activities, formal, non-formal, vocational.
The frequency is checked by the teachers through signature / updated lists provided by the Academic Office, as established by CCLMOPD.
The certificate of mandatory attendance to the teaching course is required to the student to be admitted at the final test.

In order to pass the oral examination in Human Anatomy I and II, students must demonstrate:
-a sufficient level of knowledge of the general topics covered in the two modules;
-a basic knowledge of topics related to the anatomy of the neck, head, oral cavity and nervous system;
-the ability to recognise and describe the structure and morphology of individual permanent teeth;
-the ability to connect the various topics with adequate analysis and critical synthesis.

To obtain the maximum mark of 30/30 with honours, students must demonstrate:
-excellent and comprehensive knowledge of all topics covered during the course;
-the ability to integrate and present content in a logical, coherent and well-structured manner;
-the ability to critically explore the topics covered, including independently;
-appropriate and accurate use of anatomical language.

For Human Anatomy I:
- Limits and contents of the infratemporal fossa
- Vascularisation of the dental arches
-Description of the nasal cavities
- Description of the oral cavity and salivary glands
- Embryogenesis of the teeth
-Temporomandibular joint: bone structures, articular disc, bilaminar zone, TMJ compartments.
- Muscles of mastication

For Human Anatomy II:
- Cervical plexus
- Trigeminal nerve
- Facial nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Parasympathetics of cranial nerves

Module: HUMAN ANATOMY I

• Central Nervous system (weeks I-IV)


• Peripheral Nervous system (weeks V-VI)


• Digestive System (week VII)


• Urinary System (week VIII)


• Male reproductive system (week IX)


• Female reproductive system (week IX)

• General
  organisation. General principles of human body construction (week I)


• Locomotor System (weeks II-IV)


• Cardiovascular
  system (weeks V-VII)


• Lymphatic system (week VIII)


•  Stomatognathic system (week IX)


• Respiratory
  system (week X)