Biology

Structures of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and DNA. Biochemical metabolism of glycogen. Biological membranes and principal transport systems . oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Signal transduction.

Prerequisites for course attendance: 1) INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; foundations of chemical kinetics.

The biological chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral. Students can take two written tests in itinere to evaluate the knowledge acquired. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration.

Il corso sarà svolto tramite lezioni frontali teoriche (24 ore), che i si svolgono settimanalmente in aula e l’esposizione avviene mediante l’utilizzo di diapositive su power-point e, per la miglior comprensione delle reazioni, anche della lavagna classica. Sono previste anche discussioni aperte degli argomenti di lezione, durante le quali gli studenti sono chiamati a intervenire, che hanno lo scopo di sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione, critica e giudizio

water, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptide bonding, protein structure, protein expression and purification methodologies, absorption spectroscopy, electrophoretic techniques, chromatographic techniques, three-dimensional structure determination techniques, haemoglobin and myoglobin, cooperative effect, allosteric effectors, enzymes, enzyme catalysis, enzyme kinetics. Metabolism; glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, amino acid metabolism, urea cycle, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycogen synthesis and degradation.

Basic Knowledge of organic chemistry, physics and cell biology

VOET Donald , VOET Judith G , PRATT Charlotte PRINCIPI DI BIOCHIMICA (Zanichelli) NELSON David L , COX Michael M I PRINCIPI DI BIOCHIMICA DI LEHNINGER (Zanichelli) Mathews, Van Holde, Ahern BIOCHIMICA (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana)

non mandatory

Insufficient: Cannot focus on the required topic. If he identifies it, he cannot describe even the most elementary aspects. Does not respond to the teacher's prompts or suggestions 18-20: Responds generically. Expresses essential concepts with difficulty. Several gaps on fundamental concepts, many on non-essential concepts. Uses approximate language. Does not use any written outline. Can only describe a metabolic pathway in its general outline (what is it for, what is the precursor, what is the product). Only describes the minimum essential elements. Cannot describe the individual reactions. Does not know the regulation. Cannot contextualise the metabolic pathway (what relationship with other metabolisms, where it occurs, etc.). Does not use or uses chemistry concepts with great difficulty. Insufficient: Cannot focus on the required topic. If he identifies it, he cannot describe even the most elementary aspects. Does not respond to the teacher's prompts or suggestions 18-20: Responds generically. Expresses essential concepts with difficulty. Several gaps on fundamental concepts, many on non-essential concepts. Uses approximate language. Does not use any written outline. Can only describe a metabolic pathway in its general outline (what is it for, what is the precursor, what is the product). Only describes the minimum essential elements. Cannot describe individual reactions. 21:23: Can describe the proposed topic sufficiently accurately and correctly. More than two gaps on essential concepts, several gaps on non-essential concepts. Acceptable language with many inaccuracies. Makes very limited and imprecise use of diagrams. Can describe a metabolic pathway with sufficient precision (knows several but not all intermediate reactions). Knows the regulatory and thermodynamic aspects although not precisely (e.g. knows which are some of the effectors but not the targets or vice versa; does not know how the intracellular concentrations of the effectors are regulated, etc.) Does not know or knows how to write down the structure of some of the main molecules with great approximation. 24-26: Can describe the proposed topic fairly accurately and correctly. No more than two gaps on essential concepts, some gaps on non-essential concepts. Acceptable language with some inaccuracies. Makes sufficient use of diagrams. Can describe a metabolic pathway with good accuracy (knows many of the intermediate reactions although not all). Knows the regulatory and thermodynamic aspects with sufficient precision (e.g. knows which effectors and targets are involved but does not know how the intracellular concentrations of effectors are regulated, etc.). Can write down the structure of some of the main molecules involved with sufficient approximation. 27-29: Can describe the proposed topic very accurately and correctly. Some gaps on non-essential concepts. Fairly precise and rigorous language. Can connect different topics with good logic. Frequently helps with graphs and diagrams. Describes with precision and synthesis the metabolic pathway being discussed. Knows how to identify key steps. Knows the thermodynamic and regulatory aspects. Can describe a reaction mechanism correctly at least in key points Can relate the metabolic pathway to the general context. Can write with good accuracy the structures of most of the main molecules involved (some errors in the non-essential parts, e.g. cofactors). Has acquired a general and organic view of the subject. 30+: Can describe the proposed topic accurately and correctly. Maximum one gap on marginal concepts. Uses quantitative concepts with rigour and precision. Has explored the topic in depth and shows a structured understanding. Knows how to make connections. Uses graphs and diagrams with ease and precision. Uses very precise language. Responds with confidence and ease. Has no difficulty in writing down the structures of the main molecules and reaction mechanisms Masters the fundamental concepts of chemistry and organic chemistry. Does not need prompting. Knows how to self-correct.

lectures and laboratory activities

Structures of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and DNA. Biochemical metabolism of glycogen. Biological membranes and principal transport systems . oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Signal transduction.

Prerequisites for course attendance: 1) INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; foundations of chemical kinetics.

The biological chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral. Students can take two written tests in itinere to evaluate the knowledge acquired. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration.

Il corso sarà svolto tramite lezioni frontali teoriche (24 ore), che i si svolgono settimanalmente in aula e l’esposizione avviene mediante l’utilizzo di diapositive su power-point e, per la miglior comprensione delle reazioni, anche della lavagna classica. Sono previste anche discussioni aperte degli argomenti di lezione, durante le quali gli studenti sono chiamati a intervenire, che hanno lo scopo di sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione, critica e giudizio

Structures of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and DNA. Biochemical metabolism of glycogen. Biological membranes and principal transport systems . oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Signal transduction.

Prerequisites for course attendance: 1) INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; foundations of chemical kinetics.

The biological chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral. Students can take two written tests in itinere to evaluate the knowledge acquired. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration.

Il corso sarà svolto tramite lezioni frontali teoriche (24 ore), che i si svolgono settimanalmente in aula e l’esposizione avviene mediante l’utilizzo di diapositive su power-point e, per la miglior comprensione delle reazioni, anche della lavagna classica. Sono previste anche discussioni aperte degli argomenti di lezione, durante le quali gli studenti sono chiamati a intervenire, che hanno lo scopo di sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione, critica e giudizio

Structures of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and DNA. Biochemical metabolism of glycogen. Biological membranes and principal transport systems . oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Signal transduction.

Prerequisites for course attendance: 1) INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; foundations of chemical kinetics.

The biological chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral. Students can take two written tests in itinere to evaluate the knowledge acquired. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration.

Il corso sarà svolto tramite lezioni frontali teoriche (24 ore), che i si svolgono settimanalmente in aula e l’esposizione avviene mediante l’utilizzo di diapositive su power-point e, per la miglior comprensione delle reazioni, anche della lavagna classica. Sono previste anche discussioni aperte degli argomenti di lezione, durante le quali gli studenti sono chiamati a intervenire, che hanno lo scopo di sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione, critica e giudizio

Biochemical methodologies. Protein purification strategies. Quantitative protein assays. Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Enzyme activity assays.

INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. INDISPENSABLE. Principles of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; notions of chemical kinetics

David L Nelson, Michael M Cox, I principi di biochimica di Lehninger, Zanichelli. Donald Voet, Judith G Voet, Charlotte W Pratt, Fondamenti di biochimica, Zanichelli Garrett, Grisham, Biochimica, Piccin Appling, Anthony-Cahill, Mathews, Biochimica. Molecole e Metabolismo, PEARSON Bonaccorsi di Patti, Contestabile, Di Salvo, Metodologie Biochimiche, CEA Materials are available at : elearning2.uniroma1.it

attendance is not mandatory

The Biological Chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral and consists of three consecutive tests lasting 10 minutes each, which take place on the same day. Each test consists of a question asked by a different teacher. Each teacher asks a question so that all parts of the program are discussed: biological macromolecules, biochemical methodologies and metabolism. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration. Each teacher, on the basis of the above mentioned criteria, expresses a mark. The final mark will be the average of the three individual marks During the course, students may take two midterm exams as an alternative to the final oral examination.

Theoretical exercises in classroom: Practical exercise on the use of molecular models Exercises are intended to deepen the previously studied theoretical concepts and put them into practice. Laboratory experiences: Computer simulation of protein purification Chromatografic techniques for protein separation Enzyme activity kinetics measurements Laboratory experiences are designed to put into practice the theoretical concepts studied in class, to develop the ability to plan an experiment and interpret it, to increase critical and judgment skills.

Structures of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and DNA. Biochemical metabolism of glycogen. Biological membranes and principal transport systems . oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Signal transduction.

Prerequisites for course attendance: 1) INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; foundations of chemical kinetics.

The biological chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral. Students can take two written tests in itinere to evaluate the knowledge acquired. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration.

Il corso sarà svolto tramite lezioni frontali teoriche (24 ore), che i si svolgono settimanalmente in aula e l’esposizione avviene mediante l’utilizzo di diapositive su power-point e, per la miglior comprensione delle reazioni, anche della lavagna classica. Sono previste anche discussioni aperte degli argomenti di lezione, durante le quali gli studenti sono chiamati a intervenire, che hanno lo scopo di sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione, critica e giudizio

PART 1: The biological macromolecules Proteins (8 hours). Water properties. Amino acids and peptide bond. Structure and function of proteins. Structural levels. Fibrous and globular proteins. Protein folding and denaturation. Dynamic properties of proteins. Myoglobin and hemoglobin (6 hours). Physiological role. Tertiary and quaternary structure. Cooperation of the link with oxygen. Concerted and sequential allosteric models. Bohr effect and allosteric effectors. Pathological hemoglobins and molecular diseases. Enzymology (8 hours). General characteristics of enzymes. General theory of enzymatic catalysis. Enzymatic kinetics. Reversible inhibition mechanisms. Mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Role of vitamins and coenzymes in catalysis. Regulation of enzymatic activity. Lipids (4 hours). Structure and function. Biological membranes. Fat-soluble vitamins. Glucidi (2 hours). Structure and function. Disaccharides and polysaccharides. Glycoproteins. Nucleic acids (2 hours). Structure of purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. PART 2: Biochemical methodologies Biochemical methods and techniques (8 hours). Protein purification strategies. Dosage of proteins. Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Mass spectrometry. Dosage of enzymes. Techniques for determining the primary structure and the three-dimensional structure of proteins. PART 3: Metabolism General aspects of metabolism (4 hours). Fundamental principles of thermodynamics applied to biological systems. Role of ATP and high-energy compounds in energy metabolism. Electron transporters. Redox reactions. Mechanisms of metabolic regulation. Metabolic pathways and their regulation (18 hours). Glycolysis, alcoholic and homolactic fermentation. Via of the pentose phosphate. Gluconeogenesis. Cori cycle. Glycogen metabolism. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Cycle of tricarboxylic acids. Glyoxylate cycle. Degradation and synthesis of fatty acids. Chetonic bodies. Cholesterol synthesis. Metabolism of protein nitrogen and degradation of amino acids. Glucose-alanine cycle. Urea cycle. Transporters of monocarbon units. Electron transport chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Malate-aspartate and glycerophosphate shuttle systems. Hormonal regulation and signal transduction (2 hours).

1) ESSENTIAL. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; fundamentals of chemical kinetics.

• David L Nelson, Michael M Cox, I principi di biochimica di Lehninger, Zanichelli. • Donald Voet, Judith G Voet, Charlotte W Pratt, Fondamenti di biochimica, Zanichelli • Garrett - Grisham, Biochimica, Piccin • Appling, Anthony-Cahill, Mathews, Biochimica. Molecole e Metabolismo, PEARSON • All teaching materials filed at the site: elearning2.uniroma1.it

The course will be carried out through theoretical lectures (64 hours), theoretical exercises in the classroom (6 hours) and practical laboratory experiences (6 hours). The anticovid rules have changed the teaching method that takes place in a mixed mode: in presence and at a distance. The modalities with which the laboratory activities will take place will be established on the basis of Sapienza's anticovid regulations in force Frontal lessons: 1) Explanation of the topics covered by the program through slide projection and audiovisual material. This didactic model is aimed at providing the theoretical knowledge of Biochemistry. 2) Open discussions of the lesson topics, during which students are called to intervene, which aim to develop communication, criticism and judgment skills. Theoretical exercises in the classroom: 1) Screening and discussion of videos on protein purification (2 hours in class) 2) Projection and discussion of videos on electrophoresis (2 hours in class) 3) Practical exercise on the use of molecular models (2 hours in class) The exercises aim to deepen the theoretical concepts studied in class and put them into practice. Laboratory experiences: 1) Computer simulation of protein purification (2 hours in the computer lab) 2) Chromatographic separation of proteins and small molecules (2 hours of practical activity in the laboratory). 3) Measurements of enzymatic kinetics (2 hours of practical activity in the laboratory). The laboratory experiences aim to put into practice the theoretical concepts studied in class, develop the ability to plan an experiment and interpret it, increase critical and judgment skills.

Attendance is optional but strongly recommended

Students will be able to take two ongoing written tests (exemptions) in order to facilitate passing the exam in the months between June and September. The exemption will focus on these topics (with reference to the detailed program available on the Elearning page of the course: https : //elearning.uniroma1.it/course/view.php? id = 1513): water amino acids structure and function of proteins, biochemical methodologies myoglobin and hemoglobin lipids, membranes, carbohydrates enzymology Once the exemption has been passed, the oral exam will focus on the remaining part of the program (please note that it cannot be excluded that during the interview it is necessary to recall concepts developed in the first part of the program): general aspects of metabolism metabolic pathways and their regulation The overall mark will be given by the arithmetic average of the mark of the exemptions and of the oral exam. The student who for whatever reason is not in possession of a valid exemption, will take the oral exam on the whole program. Reference site: https://elearning.uniroma1.it/course/view.php?id=1513

Hageman, James H. "Use of molecular models for active learning in biochemistry lecture courses." Journal of Chemical Education 87.3 (2010): 291-293. Abreu, Paula Alvarez, et al. "Computational strategy for visualizing structures and teaching biochemistry." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 47.1 (2019): 76-84. Bottomley, Steven, and Paul Denny. "A participatory learning approach to biochemistry using student authored and evaluated multiple‐choice questions." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 39.5 (2011): 352-361. White, Harold B., et al. "What skills should students of undergraduate biochemistry and molecular biology programs have upon graduation?." Biochemistry and molecular biology education 41.5 (2013): 297-301.

The course will be carried out through theoretical lectures (64 hours), theoretical exercises in the classroom (6 hours) and practical laboratory experiences (6 hours). The anticovid rules have changed the teaching method that takes place in a mixed mode: in presence and at a distance. The modalities with which the laboratory activities will take place will be established on the basis of Sapienza's anticovid regulations in force Frontal lessons: 1) Explanation of the topics covered by the program through slide projection and audiovisual material. This didactic model is aimed at providing the theoretical knowledge of Biochemistry. 2) Open discussions of the lesson topics, during which students are called to intervene, which aim to develop communication, criticism and judgment skills. Theoretical exercises in the classroom: 1) Screening and discussion of videos on protein purification (2 hours in class) 2) Projection and discussion of videos on electrophoresis (2 hours in class) 3) Practical exercise on the use of molecular models (2 hours in class) The exercises aim to deepen the theoretical concepts studied in class and put them into practice. Laboratory experiences: 1) Computer simulation of protein purification (2 hours in the computer lab) 2) Chromatographic separation of proteins and small molecules (2 hours of practical activity in the laboratory). 3) Measurements of enzymatic kinetics (2 hours of practical activity in the laboratory). The laboratory experiences aim to put into practice the theoretical concepts studied in class, develop the ability to plan an experiment and interpret it, increase critical and judgment skills.

Structures of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and DNA. Biochemical metabolism of glycogen. Biological membranes and principal transport systems . oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Signal transduction.

Prerequisites for course attendance: 1) INDISPENSABLE. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to know: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of the buffer solutions. 2) IMPORTANT. Principles and laws of thermodynamics; concept of chemical equilibrium; foundations of chemical kinetics.

The biological chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral. Students can take two written tests in itinere to evaluate the knowledge acquired. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration.

Il corso sarà svolto tramite lezioni frontali teoriche (24 ore), che i si svolgono settimanalmente in aula e l’esposizione avviene mediante l’utilizzo di diapositive su power-point e, per la miglior comprensione delle reazioni, anche della lavagna classica. Sono previste anche discussioni aperte degli argomenti di lezione, durante le quali gli studenti sono chiamati a intervenire, che hanno lo scopo di sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione, critica e giudizio

Biochemical methodologies. Protein purification strategies. Quantitative protein assays. Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Enzyme activity assays.

ESSENTIAL. Knowledge of the basic concepts of general chemistry and organic chemistry. In particular, it is necessary to be familiar with: a) the properties of the main functional groups; b) the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions; c) the concept of acid, base and pH; d) the properties of buffer solutions. ESSENTIAL. Knowledge of basic thermodynamics principles; basic knowledge of chemical equilibria; basic knowledge of chemical kinetics.

David L Nelson, Michael M Cox, I principi di biochimica di Lehninger, Zanichelli. Donald Voet, Judith G Voet, Charlotte W Pratt, Fondamenti di biochimica, Zanichelli Garrett, Grisham, Biochimica, Piccin Appling, Anthony-Cahill, Mathews, Biochimica. Molecole e Metabolismo, PEARSON Bonaccorsi di Patti, Contestabile, Di Salvo, Metodologie Biochimiche, Zanichelli Material will be available at: elearning2.uniroma1.it

Theoretical exercises in classroom: Practical exercise on the use of molecular models Exercises are intended to deepen the previously studied theoretical concepts and put them into practice. Laboratory experiences: Computer simulation of protein purification Chromatografic techniques for protein separation Enzyme activity kinetics measurements Laboratory experiences are designed to put into practice the theoretical concepts studied in class, to develop the ability to plan an experiment and interpret it, to increase critical and judgment skills.

attendance is not mandatory

The Biological Chemistry exam, which takes place at the end of the course, is oral and consists of three consecutive tests lasting 10 minutes each, which take place on the same day. Each test consists of a question asked by a different teacher. Each teacher asks a question so that all parts of the program are discussed: biological macromolecules, biochemical methodologies and metabolism. In general, the student's preparation will be assessed on the basis of his ability to describe biochemical processes in a clear and scientifically rigorous manner and to be able to link the various topics, showing that they understood the biochemical logic of living beings. In particular, the student is expected to have the following skills: the knowledge of the structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; the ability to explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of chemical reactions, recognizing and reproducing the structures of the metabolites; the ability to explain the principles and applications of the most common biochemical methodologies. For the purpose of the overall assessment of the student's preparation, the skills of communication, criticism and judgment will also be taken into consideration. Each teacher, on the basis of the above mentioned criteria, expresses a mark. The final mark will be the average of the three individual marks.

Theoretical exercises in classroom: Practical exercise on the use of molecular models Exercises are intended to deepen the previously studied theoretical concepts and put them into practice. Laboratory experiences: Computer simulation of protein purification Chromatografic techniques for protein separation Enzyme activity kinetics measurements Laboratory experiences are designed to put into practice the theoretical concepts studied in class, to develop the ability to plan an experiment and interpret it, to increase critical and judgment skills.