Technologies for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage

Activity type

Discipline delle scienze della terra e della natura

SSD

BIO/19

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

3

Hours distribution

16 classroom hours, 12 laboratory hours

Lecturers

TERESA RINALDI

Activity type

Attività formative affini o integrative

SSD

BIO/05

Year

N/D

Semester

N/D

CFU

3

Hours distribution

16 classroom hours, 20 others hours

Lecturers

CLAUDIO CHIMENTI

Animal biology module analytical Knowledge of materials of biological origin.
The integration of basic notions and experimental procedures relative to the structure, physiology of microorganisms and cultural methodologies of prokaryotic cell cultures.

Basic knowledge of general biology and microbiology

Basic knowledge of general biology and microbiology

Animal Biology program
Concepts of classification. Organizational plans of chordates (Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrates). Classification of chordates. Systems of vertebrates with particular reference to the nervous tissues, tegumentary, and skeletal muscle. Main characteristics of the classes of Vertebrates: placoderms, cartilaginous, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. Derivatives of animal origin: the horn of the rhinoceros, the horns of cattle; beak or ranfoteca, birds, turtles and mammals; scales, the baleen of baleen whales, nails, claws and hooves, feathers, hairs . Animal products as a raw material of human artifacts: ivory, wool, bone, leather, silk. The zoological collections as a cultural asset. Problems of conservation and restoration of the zoological collections. Invertebrates deteriogeni of wood and paper. Introduction to Evolutionary Zoology

Microbiology program:
The course is divided into two main phases.
In the first phase, students will acquire fundamental knowledge about microorganisms, their metabolism, and the mechanisms of resistance to adverse environmental conditions.
In the second phase, the course will provide the basis for studying the bacteria responsible for the biodeterioration of various materials, as well as methods for their prevention and control.

Understanding the microorganisms present in cultural heritage objects and the systems used to control them represents an essential step in the conservation of artistic heritage.

The following topics will be covered:
Bacteria: bacterial taxonomy and physiological and molecular systems for identification
Structure of the bacterial cell
Bacterial physiology and metabolic pathways
Adaptation mechanisms
Basic microbiological techniques
Optical microscopy
Plate count of colony-forming units (CFUs)
The role of bacteria in the deterioration of cultural heritage materials
Mechanisms of biodeterioration
Direct methods for controlling bacterial biodeterioration

Diversità animale – C.P. Hickman, L.S. Roberts, A. Larson, McGraw-Hill ed, 2012
Zoologia dei vertebrati – E. Vannini, UTET ed
E. Chiappini, G. Liotta, M. C. Reguzzi, A. Battisti, 2001 “Insetti e restauro” Calderini ed.
W. K. Purves, D. Sadava, G. H. Orians and H. C. Heller, 2001, “Biologia”, Zanichelli ed.
AA.VV., 2002, “Chimica e biologia applicate alla conservazione degli archivi”, CENTRO DI FOTORIPRODUZIONE LEGATORIA E RESTAURO DEGLI ARCHIVI DI STATO. Disponibile on line all’indirizzo: http://archivi.beniculturali.it/DGA-free/saggi/saggi_74.pdf

AA.VV., 2002, “Chimica e biologia applicate alla conservazione degli archivi”, CENTRO DI FOTORIPRODUZIONE LEGATORIA E RESTAURO DEGLI ARCHIVI DI STATO. Disponibile on line all’indirizzo: http://archivi.beniculturali.it/DGA-free/saggi/saggi_74.pdf

Teaching activities will mainly consist of classroom lectures. At the end of the course, a field excursion will be organized to further develop and consolidate the knowledge acquired during the lessons

In-person classes, with additional online learning materials available.

A written examination is planned for both modules. Inside the examination envelope, the candidate will find two questions on Animal Biology and two questions on Microbiology. The questions may be open-ended or may require the student to comment on provided images, from which they are expected to identify and discuss the concepts learned during the course.

What is the difference between a viable count and a total count? How can they be performed?
Silk

• All the topics listed in the program are covered in the recommended textbooks
  • Books: Diversità animale – C.P. Hickman, L.S. Roberts, A. Larson, McGraw-Hill ed, 2012Zoologia dei vertebrati – E. Vannini, UTET edE. Chiappini, G. Liotta, M. C. Reguzzi, A. Battisti, 2001 “Insetti e restauro” Calderini ed.W. K. Purves, D. Sadava, G. H. Orians and H. C. Heller, 2001, “Biologia”, Zanichelli ed.AA.VV., 2002, “Chimica e biologia applicate alla conservazione degli archivi”, CENTRO DI FOTORIPRODUZIONE LEGATORIA E RESTAURO DEGLI ARCHIVI DI STATO. Disponibile on line all’indirizzo: http://archivi.beniculturali.it/DGA-free/saggi/saggi_74.pdf