Nursing - Course J - ASL Roma 1/Ospedale Santo Spirito

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-06/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

2

Hours distribution

24 classroom hours

Lecturers

ILARIA GRAZIA ZIZZARI

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-12/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

3

Hours distribution

36 classroom hours

Lecturers

Michela Giulii Capponi

Activity type

Scienze biomediche

SSD

BIOS-13/A

Year

1st year

Semester

1st semester

CFU

1

Hours distribution

12 classroom hours

Lecturers

GABRIELLA DOBROWOLNY

The course aims to provide students with the ability to describe the structural organisation of the human body from the macroscopic to the microscopic level
in healthy conditions and to understand the essential morphological characteristics of the systems, apparatuses, organs, tissues, cells and
subcellular structures of the human organism, as well as their main morphological and functional correlates.
Furthermore, at the end of the course, students will have acquired the main concepts related to the vital functions of healthy human beings, in order to understand the basics of how the various organs and systems work, their regulatory mechanisms and the main processes of integration and homeostatic control.
Knowledge of cell organisation, the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the human body and organ function is a prerequisite for subsequent scientific disciplines.

Correct use of anatomical nomenclature is required, as well as the ability to explain anatomical, physiological and histological characteristics in a simple but incisive manner.

Students must have a basic knowledge of secondary school physics and biology in order to understand the content of the teaching activities and achieve the learning objectives of the course.

Physiology:
Basic physiological concepts of the:
Gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatic systems.
Muscular system.
Central and peripheral nervous systems.
Urinary system.
Endocrine system.
Red blood cells and gas transport.
Acid-base balance.

Histology:
Study methods in cytology and histology: light and electron microscopy techniques;
tissue preparation for microscopic examination. The eukaryotic cell. Subcellular
organelles and key cellular processes (cell cycle, mitosis, differentiation,
stemness).
-Structural and functional classification of epithelia; basement membrane; general
structure of lining epithelia; overview of the histological organization of exocrine
and endocrine glands. The thyroid gland.
-Connective tissue proper: classification; ground substance (amorphous matrix);
cell types and varieties of connective tissue;
-Adipose tissue: general characteristics and classification into white and brown
adipose tissue; plasticity of adipose tissue; adipokines.
-Cartilage tissue: general characteristics; cell types and matrix; cartilage growth
(appositional and interstitial); hyaline, elastic, and fibrous cartilage;
functions and histophysiology of cartilage;
-Bone tissue: general characteristics and bone structure; classification into
non-lamellar and lamellar bone; compact and spongy bone; the osteon;
cell types and intercellular substance; bone histogenesis: intramembranous
and endochondral ossification; bone remodeling.
-Blood: general characteristics; plasma and cell types; leukocyte differential
count; blood vessels;
-hematopoiesis and differentiation lineages. -Muscle tissue: general characteristics of tissue structure and contractile properties:
-Skeletal striated muscle tissue; organization of skeletal muscle from muscle fiber to myofibrils; sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcomere, and muscle contraction; cell types; satellite cells and muscle regeneration
-Cardiac striated muscle tissue:
-Smooth muscle tissue
-Nervous tissue: general overview; neurons and their classification; axonal and dendritic transport; interneuronal synapses; neuroglia of the CNS and PNS; myelin sheath and myelination; nerve fibers.

Anatomy:
General organization of the human body and an overview of topographic anatomy.
Locomotor system: General overview of bones, joints, and muscles; general principles of movement. Skull, vertebral column, neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, upper and lower limbs.
Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems: Heart and pericardium; arteries, veins, and capillaries. Aorta and its primary branches; distribution of major arteries in the head, trunk, and limbs. Systemic venous circulation. Overview of lymphatic circulation. Mediastinum.
Lymphoid and hemopoietic organs: Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
Respiratory system: Nose and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchial tree, lungs and pleurae.
Digestive system: Oral cavity and associated salivary glands. Pharynx, esophagus, stomach. Small and large intestines. Liver and biliary tract. Pancreas. Peritoneum. Portal system.
Urinary system: Kidneys and urinary tract.
Male reproductive system: Testis, spermatic ducts, and accessory glands.
Female reproductive system: Ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina.
Central and peripheral nervous systems: General anatomy of the nervous system; brain, brainstem, spinal cord. Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Neural pathways and centers. Cranial nerves. Spinal nerves. Autonomic nervous system.
Sensory organs: Anatomical organization of the eye and ocular adnexa. Organization of the outer, middle, and inner ear.
Endocrine system: General overview. Hypothalamus and neurosecretory nuclei. Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal glands, and endocrine pancreas. Diffuse endocrine system.

- Anatomia e Fisiologia (seconda edizione), KS Saladin (Piccin) and slides

SUGGESTED READINGS AND MATERIAL for Histology
- Adamo, Comoglio, Molinaro, Siracusa, Stefanini, Ziparo-ISTOLOGIA per i corsi di laurea 
in professioni sanitarie.-Ediz. PICCIN
- Di Felice, Dobrowolny, Ricci, Scicchitano, Viscomi-FUNDAMENTAL OF HISTOLOGY-
Ediz. Scintifiche Falco
- Bloom Fawcett Jensh , Elementi di Istologia.-Ediz. CIC

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Teaching is delivered through lectures conducted by the lecturer with the use of supporting materials (slides, illustrative models,
documentation, bibliographic materials, etc.) and practical exercises. The material presented in class is made available via email. Students are required to systematically study the reference texts independently, prepare the activities to be carried out in class (if necessary) and actively participate in the discussions proposed.

Attendance is compulsory and students must attend at least 66% of lessons in order to be admitted to the examination

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• Methods in Cytology and Histology.The eukaryotic cell, the subcellular organelles and the main cellular processes Epithelial Tissue


• Histological organization of exocrine and endocrine glands. The thyroid gland. Connective Tissue and Adipose tissue


• Blood and hematopoiesis. Bone tissue and cartilage tissue


• Striated skeletal Muscle cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and nervous tissue