PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC BASES OF DISEASES Single channel
Chair (Coordinator) and Rapporteur: MARISA DI PIETRO
Module 1: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
- Activity type
- Attività formative affini o integrative
- SSD
- MEDS-26/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- CHIARA NAPOLETANO
Module 2: Pathology and pathophysiology
- Activity type
- Scienze biomediche
- SSD
- MEDS-02/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 2
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- VERONICA VESCHI
ZEIN MERSINI BESHARAT
Module 3: Microbiology
- Activity type
- Scienze biomediche
- SSD
- MEDS-03/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 2
- Hours distribution
- 24 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- MARISA DI PIETRO
Module 4: Anatomo pathology bases
- Activity type
- Scienze medico - chirurgiche
- SSD
- MEDS-04/A
- Year
- 1st year
- Semester
- 2nd semester
- CFU
- 1
- Hours distribution
- 12 classroom hours
- Lecturers
- ELISABETTA FERRETTI
Learning outcomes
By the end of the module, the student should have acquired:
- the fundamental knowledge of pathology and pathophysiology regarding cell injury and death, inflammation, and tumors;
- the general characteristics of the main pathogens of medical interest, routes of infection transmission, and procedures for the collection, storage, and transport of biological samples
-the methods and technological approach useful for identifying etiological agents and tissue damage.
Prerequisites
The student must possess knowledge of anatomy, physiology, biology, chemistry, and general pathology.
Programme
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
Introduction to laboratory medicine: factors influencing laboratory data, handling and storage of biological samples, interpretation of laboratory results, reliability of analytical results, screening tests.
Blood and its components, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, iron transport and laboratory analysis for iron deficiency, interpretation of the complete blood count (CBC), anemias and diagnostic approach to anemias
Serum proteins and their diagnostic significance, interpretation of the serum protein electrophoresis pattern (protidogram). Overview of glucose metabolism, glucose uptake mechanisms (in muscle/adipose tissue and hepatocytes), insulin, glucose tolerance and insulin curves, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, laboratory tests for the assessment of diabetes.
Overview of lipid metabolism, apolipoproteins, lipoproteins and their functions, laboratory diagnosis of hyperlipidemias, laboratory tests for cardiovascular disease assessment.
Assessment of renal function: urinalysis.
The liver: liver function tests. Bilirubin and jaundice, serum markers of hepatocellular damage.
Primary and secondary hemostasis. Laboratory assessment of hemostasis: bleeding time, platelet count, platelet adhesion test, platelet aggregation test, evaluation of aPTT and PT, determination of fibrinopeptides, D-dimer assay.
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
PATHOLOGY
Introduction to General Pathology. Concept of homeostasis. Etiology and pathogenesis.
Major injurious stimuli. Physical and chemical disease-causing agents.
Responses to injury. Cellular pathology.
Cell death: Necrosis.
Programmed cell death: Apoptosis. Autophagy.
Acute and chronic inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation. The repair process.
Cellular adaptations: Hyperplasia. Hypertrophy. Atrophy. Metaplasia. Anaplasia.
General oncology: Definition of neoplasia. Molecular oncology. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Definition of pathophysiology, alterations in homeostatic balance, clinical classification of diseases.
Pathophysiology of the endocrine system, endocrine homeostasis, synthesis, transport, and mechanism of action of hormones; dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis; diseases of the neurohypophysis (diabetes insipidus) and adenohypophysis (gigantism, acromegaly, dwarfism, hyperprolactinemia),
panhypopituitarism, secondary endocrine dysfunctions.
Pathophysiology of the thyroid: hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, toxic adenoma, hypothyroidism, cretinism, goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid tumors.
Overview of the main adrenal gland diseases (Addison's disease, Cushing's disease, Conn's disease, pheochromocytoma).
Pathophysiology of carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes and its acute and chronic complications. Obesity.
Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, arterial hypertension.
Pathophysiology of the respiratory system, acute and chronic respiratory diseases (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, COPD, emphysema, asthma).
Major renal diseases: glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic renal failure. Dialysis. Homeostatic mechanisms: calcium; pH.
Major liver and gastrointestinal diseases: hepatitis, portal hypertension, liver cirrhosis, gastric ulcer, Helicobacter pylori infection, ascites.
Blood structure. AB0 blood group system. Rh system. Anemia.
Notes on tumors: definition of tumor. Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors. Nomenclature and classification criteria for tumors (histogenetic, grading, staging).
Module: Microbiology
Bacterial cell structure
Microbial growth
Bacterial replication and sporulation
Transmission of infection
Bacterial pathogenesis
Principles of virology: structure, replication, and pathogenesis
Influenza virus, Hepatitis virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Human Papilloma Virus, Coronavirus.
Clinical Microbiology: withdrawal, transport, processing, and storage of the microbiology sample.
Respiratory infections
central nervous system infection.
Urinary infections
Bloodstream infections.
gastrointestinal infections
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
Introduction to General Pathology.
Cellular injury and Metaplasia.
Exogenous causes of physical diseases
Exogenous causes of chemical-induced disease
Acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Non-coding RNA biomarkers
Pathophysiology of metabolic diseases
Pathophysiology of endocrine and renal diseases
Books
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
Biochimica clinica e medicina di laboratorio di M. Ciaccio e G.Lippi, Editore: Edises
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
Patologia generale &; fisiopatologia generale per i corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie. di Giuseppe M. Pontieri, PICCIN ed.
M. Parola: Patologia generale (per i corsi di laurea delle professioni sanitarie), Editore EdiSES
Module: Microbiology
Eudes Lanciotti. Microbiologia Clinica. Quarta Edizione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
Pontieri, Russo, Frati: “Patologia Generale” Ed. Piccin
Robbins e Cotran: “Le basi patologiche delle malattie” Ed. Elsevier
Bibliography
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
N/D
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
N/D
Module: Microbiology
N/D
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
N/D
Lessons mode
The lessons will be held in person, with the help of slides that include photographic and video material for educational purposes that will be useful for a critical commentary of the topics covered.
Frequency
Mandatory attendance of the course. Attendance tracking through signature on student list, on paper, provided by the course's teaching office
Exam mode
The student evaluation will be based on an oral exam that will take place together with the other teachings of the integrated course. The final vote will be the average of the votes obtained by the student for each subjects of the integrated course. To Pass the test student must obtain a note of 18/30. Student must possess a sufficient knowledge of the program. To obtain a note of 30/30 with distinction student must possess an excellent knowledge of the whole program using a correct terminology to expose the topics.
Example exam questions
Definition of health and disease states
Disease classification criteria
Types of cellular injury
Types of cell death
Inflammation
Carcinogenesis process
Causes of tumors
Urinary tract infection: urine sample collection methods
Blood culture
Arguments
Module: Technical sciences of laboratory medicine
- Introduction to laboratory medicine: factors influencing laboratory data, handling and storage of biological samples, interpretation of laboratory results, reliability of analytical results, screening tests. Blood and its components, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, iron transport and laboratory analysis for iron deficiency, interpretation of the complete blood count (CBC), anemias and diagnostic approach to anemias
- Serum proteins and their diagnostic significance, interpretation of the serum protein electrophoresis pattern (protidogram). Overview of glucose metabolism, glucose uptake mechanisms (in muscle/adipose tissue and hepatocytes), insulin, glucose tolerance and insulin curves, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, laboratory tests for the assessment of diabetes.
- Overview of lipid metabolism, apolipoproteins, lipoproteins and their functions, laboratory diagnosis of hyperlipidemias, laboratory tests for cardiovascular disease assessment.
- Assessment of renal function: urinalysis.
- The liver: liver function tests. Bilirubin and jaundice, serum markers of hepatocellular damage.
- Primary and secondary hemostasis. Laboratory assessment of hemostasis: bleeding time, platelet count, platelet adhesion test, platelet aggregation test, evaluation of aPTT and PT, determination of fibrinopeptides, D-dimer assay.
Module: Pathology and pathophysiology
- Introduction to General Pathology. Concept of homeostasis. Etiology and pathogenesis.Major injurious stimuli. Physical and chemical disease-causing agents.Responses to injury. Cellular pathology.Cell death
- Acute and chronic inflammation.
- Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, heartattack, arterial hypertension.
- Pathophysiology of the endocrine system and diabetes.Overview of the main adrenal gland diseases
- Pathophysiology of renal system
- Pathophysiology of respiratory system
- Pathophysiology of liver and gastrointestinal system
- Tumors and oncology molecular
Module: Microbiology
- Bacterial cell structure
Microbial growth - Bacterial replication and sporulation.Transmission of infection.
- Bacterial pathogenesis.Principles of virology: structure, replication, and pathogenesis
- Influenza virus, Hepatitis virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Human Papilloma Virus, Coronavirus.
- Clinical Microbiology: withdrawal,
transport, processing, and storage of the microbiology sample. . Respiratory infections - central nervous system infection. Urinary infections
- Bloodstream infections.gastrointestinal infections
Module: Anatomo pathology bases
Sustainability goals
- Academic year2026/2027
- Degree program to which the course belongsNursing - Course J - ASL Roma 1/Ospedale Santo Spirito
- Mandatory presenceNo
- Languageita
- CFU6 CFU, distributed among 4 integrated didactic modules
- Total duration72 hours