Objectives

Biology can be defined as the entire field of disciplines that study living organisms in all their manifestations and the natural laws that regulate them. Beyond the definitions, biology is one of the most dynamic and rapidly expanding fields of human activity and has repercussions that affect every aspect of our lives, from health to environmental issues. The research activity constantly carried out by biologists all over the world has allowed us to acquire a great knowledge of biological processes and to make ourselves more and more aware of our close interdependence with the great variety of organisms present in our planet.
This course has mainly a propaedeutic purpose; taking into particular account the level of preparation of each student, the objective to be achieved is allowing the student to face the courses of the following years with the necessary basic knowledge and to know the aspects main topics of the study of biology. In the course, therefore, beyond a general knowledge of the fundamental topics of biology, we want to give appropriate importance to the concepts mainly related to professional training in the pharmaceutical field, as well as to the subsequent subjects of the Degree Course. In this sense, the Botanical Section and the Chemistry of Life are of great interest: in fact, they constitute the initial part of the training course that will be then completed with the Pharmaceutical Botany (for the herbal curriculum) and the Pharmacognosy, as well as a series of other related teachings. For this reason we will follow a path that starts from the Chemistry of Life, and then, by deepening the constitution of living beings at the cellular level with references to the basic biochemical and genetic mechanisms, leads to the understanding of the higher organizational levels up to the organismic level of Biology, both for plants and animals, taking into account the evolutionary peculiarities, and with hints also to the ecological part.
The course has been designed and implemented with the aim of making the numerous and complex aspects of Biology interesting and accessible: it is important that the students acquire a greater awareness of the variety of life forms, their enormous adaptability to the environment and their ecological and evolutionary correlations, understanding, at the same time, the dynamic way in which science works and make progress.
The study of Plant Biology will focus on the peculiarities of plants, from the metabolic ones to the morpho-functional ones, in order to provide the basic notions useful in the degree course, with particular reference to the topics that will be further explored in the courses of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany. The main objective of the study of Animal Biology will be the acquisition of basic knowledge on animal structures and functions at different levels of complexity, with emphasis on their adaptive meaning.
We intend to highlight both the universality of evolutionary solutions, and the main alternative solutions to general problems of functionality of complex organic systems in the Man and in the main Phyla of the Metazoan. It will also deal with the main types of relationship between living beings, with reference to parasitology.
The teaching of Biology at the first-year level is congruent with the course of the student enrolled in the degree course in SFA, as it is intended to establish a solid base of scientific knowledge on which to build their professional skills, which include a wide range of disciplines, all closely related to each other.
The logical path of the topics will be developed through five consecutive sections:
a) Chemistry of Life. Science and Biology in the pharmaceutical context. Modern Biology and Systems Biology. Evolution of the scientific method. Also including elements of Primary and Secondary Metabolism.
b) Cellular Biology, with the main elements of the cellular constitution and its functioning. Biodiversity. Understanding diversity: systematics and phylogeny. Viruses and sub-viral agents. Bacteria. Archaea. Origin of Eukaryotes. Protists.
c) Plant Biology, the main botanical aspects of plant organisms and related organisms.
d) Formal Genetics and Molecular Biology. Chromosomes, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. DNA replication. From DNA to proteins: gene expression. Mutations. Regulation of gene expression. Genomes. Gene expression and development. Elements of Formal Genetics and Epigenetics. Introduction to the Darwinian concept of evolution. The mechanisms of evolution: evolutionary changes in populations. Speciation. Macroevolution. Evolution of genes and genomes. Development and evolution.
e) Animal Biology. At the end of this section, the student acquires a general knowledge on the biology of animal organisms (evolutionary biology, reproduction, morphological types, etc.) through the study of model groups. In particular, it acquires a critical and comparative view of morpho-functional biodiversity in the animal field and an overview on the animal adaptations to environmental plurality, including some information regarding migrations and the main infectious agents.

The evaluation of the student will be carried out mainly through a final written test, which will focus on all the topics of the program, testing the student's ability in a form that avoids the psychological difficulty arising from a university-type oral examination to which he/she is not still used to.
The student will deepen what he learned during the lessons on the recommended texts, which have been written and thought mainly for the students of the pharmaceutical courses. This deepening will allow him to rediscover these topics in the future, when the memories of the concepts taught in the classroom will be partly forgotten. The texts will remain as a reference for the student who will know where to find detailed concepts, especially useful to pass the exam.
The teaching of Pharmaceutical Biology consists of lectures, with some final exercises to prepare the students for the exam. The lessons are all interactive: the teacher stimulates the students with questions to which they, based on their knowledge and what they have learned in class, can give an answer. This allows the teacher to evidence the links between the current course and the previous knowledge, fundamental to understand what is proposed in class.
The continuous references to concepts of previous courses must make the student accustomed to study the proposed subject not as something closed, only aimed to pass the final exam and to be filed immediately afterwards, but intends to highlight a multidisciplinary study, absolutely required to face the university study. The student will find on the e-learning platform the slides and the teaching material (exam program, recommended texts) useful for the preparation of the exam. It is understood that the slides are a guide to the exam topics, but they can never absolutely replace the recommended texts and lectures given by the teacher.
Attendance to the course is optional but strongly recommended. In fact, the percentage of students who pass the exam and with good grades is limited to those who have regularly attended, while is generally high the failure percentage among not attending students. The assessment methods of the course are characterized by an exam session set in the months of January, February and May, excluding the periods in which the lessons are held. The teacher is also available to hold, at the request of the students, additional appeals during the months of April and September, reserved for undergraduate and off-course students, in accordance with the provisions of the respective CCL. The objective of the test is to certify the student's knowledge and assimilation of the main topics that will then be the subject of further study in subsequent courses. The elements taken into consideration for the evaluation are: the knowledge of the subject, in all the main areas of Biology covered by the exam program, the ability of reasoning demonstrated in the choice of answers and the ability to study autonomously on the indicated texts.

Channels

A - D

SEBASTIANO FODDAI SEBASTIANO FODDAI   Teacher profile

Programme

NTRODUCTION
Articulation and biology purposes. Historical background and how to study biology.

PART 1. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
Atoms, elements, molecules and chemical bonds. The water. The chemistry of carbon. Structure and function of macromolecules: proteins, lipids, glycides, nucleic acids. From inorganic molecules to biopolymers. concept of living organism, life molecular logic. The origin of life on earth. The realms of the living. Protists and eukaryotes origin.

PART 2. CELL BIOLOGY
The cell theory. The prokaryotic cell: general, cell walls, flagella, fimbriae, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material. The eukaryotic cell: comparison with that prokaryotic one; compartmentalization as structural and functional element. Membrane structure and function. The cytoskeleton. The nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum. The lisosoma. Golgi apparatus. The mitochondria. Comparison between animal and plant cells. Reproduction, aggregation, and cell differentiation. Mitosis and meiosis. Introduction to metabolism study. Cell and energy. The energy flow. ATP and cellular work. Fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The enzymes. The main metabolic pathways and their control.

PART 3. ELEMENTS OF FORMAL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS
Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis. Gametogenesis sex determination. Mendel's laws. The Punnett square. Chromosomal and molecular basis of heredity. The concept of allele; multiple alleles; pleiotropy. Genotype, phenotype and their interactions. Inheritance linked to sex. The genetic code. The protein synthesis. Synthetic processes, shelter and DNA recombination. Viral Genetics. RNA synthesis and genetic control in prokaryotes. Organization signs and expression of genome in eukaryotes. Synthesis and maturation of RNA in eukaryotes. Chromosomes and gene control in eukaryotes. Molecular genetics: an outline of chromosomal maps and on the most common human genetic diseases.

PART 4. PLANT BIOLOGY
Plant cell typical structure. Plastidial system, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, starch. The vacuolar system (solid inclusions). Cellular wall structure, function and changes in. Photosynthesis C3, C4, CAM. Special metabolism: biosynthetic pathways, the main special biosynthetic pathways.
Plant Histology: poliplasts and tissues.I meristematic and the final tissues: apical meristems and derived cells. Growth and differentiation. Secondary meristems; cambium and phellogen. Protectors and glandular hairs: stomata; root hairs; collenchyma and sclerenchyma. vascular tissue: xylem and phloem. Softwood and hardwood. Secretory system, lactiferous tubes, schizogenic channels, lisigenic pockets.
Plant anatomy: The symmetry concept: rounded bodies and bilateral. Leaf: leaf structure: mesophyll, epidermis, mesophyll tissue (palisade and spongy); bifacial leaves (back and ventral isolateral). Ribs, shape, sheets. Phyllotaxis. Root morphology (collated roots and taproot). primary and secondary structures. Lateral roots origin. Aerial roots. Adjustments for reserves of nutrients. Metamorphosis. Stem: morphology, I and II growth. The stem metamorphosis. Comparative organography plant: Thallus and thallophytes, Corm and Cormophytes. vegetative and sexual reproduction. flowers and inflorescences function and morphology, nomenclature; fruit and its morphology. True fruits and false fruits; dry and fleshy fruits. dehiscent and indehiscent fruits.

PART 5. ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Living organism, living molecular logic.
Gametogenesis and sex determinism. Mendel's laws. The Punnett square. Chromosomal and molecular basis of heredity. The concept of allele; multiple alleles; pleiotropy. Genotype, phenotype and their interactions. Inheritance linked to sex. The genetic code. The synthesis of proteins. synthetic processes, shelter and DNA recombination. RNA synthesis and genetic control in prokaryotes. organization signs and expression of the genome in eukaryotes. Evolution and Darwinism. The evidence for evolution. Micro-macroevolution. Populations genetics. Genetic and phenotypic variability. Animal and plant speciation and reproductive isolation mechanisms. The biological species concept. Elements of taxonomy and biological classification. The taxa in plants, animals and microorganisms. The Linnaean nomenclature. Elements of ecology. Elements of embryology. Germ layers and different tissues origin; organs and systems. General on Metazoa development and reproduction. Protostome and Deuterostomia. Outline of the main phyla of Metazoa and classes of vertebrates. Elements of comparative anatomy in the study of Invertebrates and Vertebrates. Exoskeleton and endoskeleton; the surface / volume ratio. Animal metabolism and metabolic rate. Cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. Homeostasis. Human parasitology principles. Notes on some human parasites of greatest socio-economic and health survey; General aspects of prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Elements of animal toxicology; Secondary metabolites of protists. Notes on some active ingredients of protistica and animal drug use origin.
Apparatuses and organic systems: notes on their structure, Morphophysiology and evolution in the major phyla of Metazoa. Community animals and the principles of ecology. The concept of biotic diversity and trends of biodiversity. The growth curves of the populations. Basics of biogeography: biomes and biogeographical regions. Outline of animal societies, colonies and syncytia. Predation, symbiosis, Inquiline, parasitism and hyperparasitism; the parasite-host interactions.

Adopted texts

Solomon, Berg, Martin - Elementi di Biologia, VI Ed. Edises Editions
Reference text for the course, supplemented by the teacher with various topics added in the e-book edition downloadable from the publisher's website after purchasing the paper book, through a special code. The e-book edition is clearly more complete and certainly much more useful to pass the exam.
E.P. Solomon, C.E. Martin, D.W. Martin, L.R. Berg Biologia (Edition VII / 2017) (Single volume) Edises Editions.
This is the general reference text which includes all the most important topics concerning biology. Particularly referenced in the modules of Cellular Biology, Animal Biology and Genetics, while other topics need further investigation from the point of view of pharmaceutical professional training.
M. L. Leporatti and M. Nicoletti Biologia Vegetale.
For the students of the degree courses in Pharmacy. Japadre editions. In this book the topics of pharmaceutical reference are explored, in particular regarding Cellular Metabolism and Botany. The book is the first approach with the topics that will then be developed in the successful courses of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, in the path that concerns the study of medicinal plants and their active ingredients. To be used therefore especially in the modules of Chemistry of Life and Plant Biology.
S. Foddai, M. Nicoletti Atlante di Biologia Vegetale e delle Piante Medicinali. Edises editions.
The book contains mainly iconographic material, useful to help the student to be familiar with the plants and their cellular and tissue structures. The book is also useful for subsequent courses in Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy. One of the main problems that must be solved by the course is the lack of familiarity of the student towards plant species, which although so common are much less known and familiar than animals.
Genovese, Maggi, Nicoletti, Menghini, Chessa Eserciziario di Biologia vegetale. Edises editions.
The book is specifically dedicated to preparing the student for the exam. It contains more than a thousand exercises, which cover all the topics and modules of the course. The student can therefore have a more precise idea of ​​the exam questions and the topics of reference, considering how potentially the study of Biology is. It is therefore essential that the student has a point of reference on the main topics, as well as the possibility of verifying their own preparation.
P. Audisio, A. De Biase, M. Nicoletti, P. Scarì Eserciziario di Biologia Animale. Edises editions.
The book covers the exercises of the part of Animal Biology. Educational tool of great utility to verify the degree of preparation. The workbook was conceived not with the intention of guaranteeing a mechanical memorization of the questions and of the respective solutions, but with the aim of verifying the knowledge in a form that forces the mind to remain attentive. The questions are organized into chapters and sub-chapters to guide the student in verifying the various topics of the course; in some cases, moreover, the question has been proposed several times with different form and approach so as to accustom the student to the variety of formulation of the exam questions.

Exam reservation date start Exam reservation date end Exam date
18/12/2021 12/01/2022 19/01/2022
18/12/2021 12/01/2022 19/01/2022
10/01/2022 07/02/2022 14/02/2022
10/01/2022 07/02/2022 14/02/2022
10/01/2022 10/02/2022 18/02/2022
10/01/2022 10/02/2022 18/02/2022
12/05/2022 12/06/2022 20/06/2022
12/05/2022 12/06/2022 20/06/2022
12/05/2022 12/06/2022 20/06/2022
02/06/2022 02/07/2022 11/07/2022
02/06/2022 02/07/2022 11/07/2022
02/06/2022 02/07/2022 11/07/2022
12/08/2022 13/09/2022 21/09/2022
12/08/2022 13/09/2022 21/09/2022
12/08/2022 13/09/2022 21/09/2022

E - O

CHIARA TONIOLO CHIARA TONIOLO   Teacher profile

Programme

A) Chemistry of Life. Science and Biology in Pharmaceutical area. Modern Biology and Sistemic Biology.
Evolution of scientific method. Primary and Secondary Metabolism.
B) Cell Biology. Structure and function of cell. Biodiversity, systematic and phylogenesys. Virus, Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryote, Protista
C) Plant Biology, anatomy and morphology of plants
D) Molecular Biology and Genetic. Chromosomes, cell cycle , mitosis and meiosis, DNA and RNA, Protein
synthesis and structure. Mutations, Mendel laws. Epèigenetic, Evolution, Speciation.
E) Animal Biology and Ecology. Biodiversity in animal kingdom, adaptation to the environments, migrations and infective agents.

Adopted texts

Solomon, Martin, Martin, Berg - Biologia (Edizione VII/2017) (Volume unico) Edizioni Edises.

Bibliography

Solomon, Berg, Martin - Fondamenti di Biologia, VI Ed. Edizioni Edises Testo di riferimento per il corso, integrato dal docente con diversi argomenti aggiunti nell' edizione e-book scaricabile dal sito della casa editrice dopo aver acquistato il libro cartaceo, attraverso un apposito codice. L'edizione e-book è chiaramente più completa e sicuramente molto più utile per superare l'esame. (da integrare per la parte Biologia Vegetale) Solomon E.P., Berg L.R., Martin D.W. - Strutture e processi vitali nelle piante - Edises, 7 edizione Volume integrativo per la parte di biologia vegetale se viene scelto il testo Fondamenti di Biologia degli stessi autori e casa editrice. M.L. Leporatti e M. Nicoletti - Biologia Vegetale. Per gli studenti dei Corsi di Laurea in Farmacia. Edizioni Japadre. In questo libro vengono approfonditi gli argomenti di riferimento farmaceutico, in particolare per quanto riguarda il Metabolismo Cellulare e la Botanica. Il libro costituisce il primo approccio con gli argomenti che saranno poi sviluppati nei successi corsi di Botanica Farmaceutica e Farmacognosia, nel percorso che riguarda lo studio delle piante medicinali e dei loro principi attivi. Da utilizzare quindi soprattutto nei moduli di Chimica della Vita e di Biologia Vegetale. S. Foddai, M. Nicoletti - Atlante di Biologia Vegetale e delle Piante Officinali. Edizioni Edises. Il libro contiene soprattutto materiale iconografico, utile per aiutare lo studente ad avere dimestichezza con le piante e le loro strutture cellulari e tissutali. Il libro è anche utile per i successivi corsi di Botanica Farmaceutica e Farmacognosia. Uno dei principali problemi che deve essere risolto dal corso è la scarsa dimestichezza dello studente nei confronti delle specie vegetali, le quali seppure così comuni sono molto meno conosciute e familiari rispetto agli animali. Genovese, Maggi, Nicoletti, Menghini, Chessa - Eserciziario di Biologia Vegetale . Edizioni Edises. Il libro è specificatamente dedicato alla preparazione dello studente in vista dell’esame. Contiene più di un migliaia di esercizi, che riguardano tutti gli argomenti ed i moduli del corso. Lo studente può quindi avere una idea più precisa delle domande di esame e dei temi di riferimento, considerando quanto ampio potenzialmente sia lo studio della Biologia. È quindi fondamentale che lo studente abbia un punto di riferimento sugli argomenti principali, oltre che la possibilità di verificare la propria preparazione. P. Audisio, A. De Biase, M. Nicoletti, P. Scarì - Eserciziario di Biologia Animale. Edizioni Edises. Il libro riguarda gli esercizi della parte di Biologia Animale. Strumento didattico di grande utilità per verificare il grado di preparazione. L'eserciziario è stato concepito non con l'intento di garantire una memorizzazione meccanica dei quesiti e delle rispettive soluzioni, ma con lo scopo di verificare le conoscenze in una forma che costringe la mente a rimanere attenta. I quesiti sono organizzati in capitoli e sottocapitoli per guidare lo studente alla verifica dei vari argomenti del corso; in alcuni casi, inoltre, il quesito è stato proposto più volte con forma e approccio differenti così da abituare lo studente alla varietà di formulazione delle domande d'esame.

Prerequisites

It is necessary, due to the fact that students come from different high school degree, obtain an homogenization of their knowledges. It is also necessary to offer to the student a valid and unique method of studying

Frequency modes

Attendance to the course is strongly recommended. The percentage of students who pass the exam and with good grades narrows to those who have regularly attended, while high is generally the failure among those not attending.

Exam modes

At the end of the course there will be an exam consisting of a written exam (1h 15 min), in which will be asked to the students to answer multiple-choice questions.
To pass the exam students have to obtain a mark of not less than 18/30. The student have to demonstrate that he has acquired sufficient knowledge of the topics covered during the course and he have to be able to perform herbal preparations. To achieve a mark of 30/30 cum laude, the student have to demonstrate that he has acquired excellent knowledge of all the topics covered during the course, being able to link them in a logical and consistent way.

Exam reservation date start Exam reservation date end Exam date
01/01/2022 15/01/2022 19/01/2022
01/01/2022 15/01/2022 19/01/2022
24/01/2022 10/02/2022 16/02/2022
24/01/2022 10/02/2022 16/02/2022
04/04/2022 14/04/2022 22/04/2022
01/06/2022 15/06/2022 22/06/2022
01/06/2022 15/06/2022 22/06/2022
24/06/2022 07/07/2022 12/07/2022
24/06/2022 07/07/2022 12/07/2022
06/07/2022 11/09/2022 21/09/2022
06/07/2022 11/09/2022 21/09/2022
30/11/2022 07/12/2022 16/12/2022
30/11/2022 07/12/2022 16/12/2022
30/11/2022 07/12/2022 16/12/2022

P - Z

SEBASTIANO FODDAI SEBASTIANO FODDAI   Teacher profile

Programme

NTRODUCTION
Articulation and biology purposes. Historical background and how to study biology.

PART 1. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
Atoms, elements, molecules and chemical bonds. The water. The chemistry of carbon. Structure and function of macromolecules: proteins, lipids, glycides, nucleic acids. From inorganic molecules to biopolymers. concept of living organism, life molecular logic. The origin of life on earth. The realms of the living. Protists and eukaryotes origin.

PART 2. CELL BIOLOGY
The cell theory. The prokaryotic cell: general, cell walls, flagella, fimbriae, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material. The eukaryotic cell: comparison with that prokaryotic one; compartmentalization as structural and functional element. Membrane structure and function. The cytoskeleton. The nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum. The lisosoma. Golgi apparatus. The mitochondria. Comparison between animal and plant cells. Reproduction, aggregation, and cell differentiation. Mitosis and meiosis. Introduction to metabolism study. Cell and energy. The energy flow. ATP and cellular work. Fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The enzymes. The main metabolic pathways and their control.

PART 3. ELEMENTS OF FORMAL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS
Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis. Gametogenesis sex determination. Mendel's laws. The Punnett square. Chromosomal and molecular basis of heredity. The concept of allele; multiple alleles; pleiotropy. Genotype, phenotype and their interactions. Inheritance linked to sex. The genetic code. The protein synthesis. Synthetic processes, shelter and DNA recombination. Viral Genetics. RNA synthesis and genetic control in prokaryotes. Organization signs and expression of genome in eukaryotes. Synthesis and maturation of RNA in eukaryotes. Chromosomes and gene control in eukaryotes. Molecular genetics: an outline of chromosomal maps and on the most common human genetic diseases.

PART 4. PLANT BIOLOGY
Plant cell typical structure. Plastidial system, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, starch. The vacuolar system (solid inclusions). Cellular wall structure, function and changes in. Photosynthesis C3, C4, CAM. Special metabolism: biosynthetic pathways, the main special biosynthetic pathways.
Plant Histology: poliplasts and tissues.I meristematic and the final tissues: apical meristems and derived cells. Growth and differentiation. Secondary meristems; cambium and phellogen. Protectors and glandular hairs: stomata; root hairs; collenchyma and sclerenchyma. vascular tissue: xylem and phloem. Softwood and hardwood. Secretory system, lactiferous tubes, schizogenic channels, lisigenic pockets.
Plant anatomy: The symmetry concept: rounded bodies and bilateral. Leaf: leaf structure: mesophyll, epidermis, mesophyll tissue (palisade and spongy); bifacial leaves (back and ventral isolateral). Ribs, shape, sheets. Phyllotaxis. Root morphology (collated roots and taproot). primary and secondary structures. Lateral roots origin. Aerial roots. Adjustments for reserves of nutrients. Metamorphosis. Stem: morphology, I and II growth. The stem metamorphosis. Comparative organography plant: Thallus and thallophytes, Corm and Cormophytes. vegetative and sexual reproduction. flowers and inflorescences function and morphology, nomenclature; fruit and its morphology. True fruits and false fruits; dry and fleshy fruits. dehiscent and indehiscent fruits.

PART 5. ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Living organism, living molecular logic.
Gametogenesis and sex determinism. Mendel's laws. The Punnett square. Chromosomal and molecular basis of heredity. The concept of allele; multiple alleles; pleiotropy. Genotype, phenotype and their interactions. Inheritance linked to sex. The genetic code. The synthesis of proteins. synthetic processes, shelter and DNA recombination. RNA synthesis and genetic control in prokaryotes. organization signs and expression of the genome in eukaryotes. Evolution and Darwinism. The evidence for evolution. Micro-macroevolution. Populations genetics. Genetic and phenotypic variability. Animal and plant speciation and reproductive isolation mechanisms. The biological species concept. Elements of taxonomy and biological classification. The taxa in plants, animals and microorganisms. The Linnaean nomenclature. Elements of ecology. Elements of embryology. Germ layers and different tissues origin; organs and systems. General on Metazoa development and reproduction. Protostome and Deuterostomia. Outline of the main phyla of Metazoa and classes of vertebrates. Elements of comparative anatomy in the study of Invertebrates and Vertebrates. Exoskeleton and endoskeleton; the surface / volume ratio. Animal metabolism and metabolic rate. Cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. Homeostasis. Human parasitology principles. Notes on some human parasites of greatest socio-economic and health survey; General aspects of prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Elements of animal toxicology; Secondary metabolites of protists. Notes on some active ingredients of protistica and animal drug use origin.
Apparatuses and organic systems: notes on their structure, Morphophysiology and evolution in the major phyla of Metazoa. Community animals and the principles of ecology. The concept of biotic diversity and trends of biodiversity. The growth curves of the populations. Basics of biogeography: biomes and biogeographical regions. Outline of animal societies, colonies and syncytia. Predation, symbiosis, Inquiline, parasitism and hyperparasitism; the parasite-host interactions.

Adopted texts

Solomon, Berg, Martin - Elementi di Biologia, VI Ed. Edises Editions
Reference text for the course, supplemented by the teacher with various topics added in the e-book edition downloadable from the publisher's website after purchasing the paper book, through a special code. The e-book edition is clearly more complete and certainly much more useful to pass the exam.
E.P. Solomon, C.E. Martin, D.W. Martin, L.R. Berg Biologia (Edition VII / 2017) (Single volume) Edises Editions.
This is the general reference text which includes all the most important topics concerning biology. Particularly referenced in the modules of Cellular Biology, Animal Biology and Genetics, while other topics need further investigation from the point of view of pharmaceutical professional training.
M. L. Leporatti and M. Nicoletti Biologia Vegetale.
For the students of the degree courses in Pharmacy. Japadre editions. In this book the topics of pharmaceutical reference are explored, in particular regarding Cellular Metabolism and Botany. The book is the first approach with the topics that will then be developed in the successful courses of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, in the path that concerns the study of medicinal plants and their active ingredients. To be used therefore especially in the modules of Chemistry of Life and Plant Biology.
S. Foddai, M. Nicoletti Atlante di Biologia Vegetale e delle Piante Medicinali. Edises editions.
The book contains mainly iconographic material, useful to help the student to be familiar with the plants and their cellular and tissue structures. The book is also useful for subsequent courses in Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy. One of the main problems that must be solved by the course is the lack of familiarity of the student towards plant species, which although so common are much less known and familiar than animals.
Genovese, Maggi, Nicoletti, Menghini, Chessa Eserciziario di Biologia vegetale. Edises editions.
The book is specifically dedicated to preparing the student for the exam. It contains more than a thousand exercises, which cover all the topics and modules of the course. The student can therefore have a more precise idea of ​​the exam questions and the topics of reference, considering how potentially the study of Biology is. It is therefore essential that the student has a point of reference on the main topics, as well as the possibility of verifying their own preparation.
P. Audisio, A. De Biase, M. Nicoletti, P. Scarì Eserciziario di Biologia Animale. Edises editions.
The book covers the exercises of the part of Animal Biology. Educational tool of great utility to verify the degree of preparation. The workbook was conceived not with the intention of guaranteeing a mechanical memorization of the questions and of the respective solutions, but with the aim of verifying the knowledge in a form that forces the mind to remain attentive. The questions are organized into chapters and sub-chapters to guide the student in verifying the various topics of the course; in some cases, moreover, the question has been proposed several times with different form and approach so as to accustom the student to the variety of formulation of the exam questions.

Exam reservation date start Exam reservation date end Exam date
18/12/2021 12/01/2022 19/01/2022
18/12/2021 12/01/2022 19/01/2022
10/01/2022 07/02/2022 14/02/2022
10/01/2022 07/02/2022 14/02/2022
10/01/2022 10/02/2022 18/02/2022
10/01/2022 10/02/2022 18/02/2022
12/05/2022 12/06/2022 20/06/2022
12/05/2022 12/06/2022 20/06/2022
12/05/2022 12/06/2022 20/06/2022
02/06/2022 02/07/2022 11/07/2022
02/06/2022 02/07/2022 11/07/2022
02/06/2022 02/07/2022 11/07/2022
12/08/2022 13/09/2022 21/09/2022
12/08/2022 13/09/2022 21/09/2022
12/08/2022 13/09/2022 21/09/2022
Course sheet
  • Academic year: 2021/2022
  • Curriculum: INFORMAZIONE SCIENTIFICA SUL FARMACO
  • Year: First year
  • Semester: First semester
  • SSD: BIO/15
  • CFU: 9
Activities
  • Attività formative di base
  • Ambito disciplinare: Discipline Biologiche e Morfologiche
  • Lecture (Hours): 72
  • CFU: 9.00
  • SSD: BIO/15