ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1

Obiettivi formativi

This course is an introduction to chemistry fundamentals addressed to students with limited chemistry background. The purpose of the course is to provide students with the knowledge of general chemistry principles, and with the tools to solve simple chemistry problems. At the end of the course the students are expected to know ho to apply the acquired chemical concepts to different fields, including pharmaceutical chemistry and biochemistry which are the subjects of further courses. The course aims to provide a correct knowledge of the fundamental principles of organic chemistry, proposing the contents into two distinct phases that are closely and logically linked. In the first phase the teaching is addressed to provide basic knowledge about classification and nomenclature of organic compounds, about the symbolism used to represent both structures and reactions, as well as over the chemical-physics, acid-base, nucleophilic-electrophilic properties of the considered compounds. In the second phase the teaching is instead focused on the description of the different reactivity involved by different classes of compounds, rationalizing the study through the analysis of the relevant mechanisms. In the context of the described methodology the objectives to be achieved are: 1) attainment of a suitable degree of specialized knowledge, understood as the ability to invoke theories, rules, nomenclature etc.; 2) capacity to properly interpret and process the reaction schemes and propose alternatives to the encountered syntheses; 3) establish connections between different studied subjects.

Canale 1
CATERINA FRASCHETTI Scheda docente

Programmi - Frequenza - Esami

Programma
[3 hours] Basic concepts of Stoichiometry: The atomic and mass number. Isotopes. The atomic mass and the atomic weight. Definition of molecule. The molecular weight. Ionic compounds. The mole. Empirical formula, molecular formula and structural formula. IUPAC nomenclature. [2 hours] Law of definite proportions. Law of conservation of mass. Chemical equations, stoichiometric coefficients. The limiting reactant concept. [2 hours] The atomic structure: The quantic numbers. The s, p, d, and f orbitals. The Aufbau principle. The ionization energy and the electron affinity. [4 hours] The chemical bonding: Octet rule. Ionic bond. Covalent bond. Electronegativity. Hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp, sp3d, sp3d2). Dative bond. VSEPR theory and molecular geometries. Intermolecular forces (Van der Waals, dispersion, hydrogen bond). [2 hours] The gaseous systems: The fundamental laws of gases: Boyle, Charles, gay-Lussac and Avogadro. The ideal gas law. Mixtures of not reactive gases. Dalton’s law. [4 hours] The oxidation number. Redox reactions and their balancing. [3 hours] Basic concepts of thermodynamics: Heat and work. The first thermodynamic law. Reversible and not reversible processes. Enthalpy. Hess’s law. Spontaneous processes and entropy. The second thermodynamic law. Free energy and Gibb’s Helmotz equation. [2 hours] Phase transitions: Phase transition. Vapor pressure. Clausius Clapeyron equation. Phase diagram. [4 hours] Solutions: Molarity, molality and molar fraction. Mass and volume percentages. Dilution and mixing. Themodynamics of solutions. The Raoult’s law. Colligative properties of solutions. Boiling point elevation, freezing point depression and osmotic pressure. Van’t Hoff coefficient. [3 hours] Chemical equilibrium: Mass action law. Le Chatelier principle. The concentration, pressure and temperature effects on the equilibrium. Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. [4 hours] Acid-base equilibrium: Definitions of Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis. Acid halides and oxyacids. Acid strength. Autoionization of water. The pH scale. Calculation of the pH for a solution of: strong acid (base), weak acid (base). Alfa and dissociation degree. [5 hours] Acid-base properties of a salt solution. Buffered solution. [2 hours] Basic concepts of chemical kinetics: Reaction rate. Collision theory. Definition of transition state. Arrhenius equation. Catalysis. [10 hours] Numerical exercises
Prerequisiti
The comprehension of the addressed topics requires: Needed The knowledge of basic algebra (first and second degree equations) and the the properties of exponents and logarithms. Useful Basic integration and derivatives rules
Testi di riferimento
Theory "Chemistry and Introductory Biochemistry", by Maccarrone - Di Ilio - Fasciglione - Lanzalunga - Nocca - Speranza. Edizioni A.L.E. Exercises "Foundations of General Chemistry and Introductory Biochemistry: a Problem-Solving Approach", by Fasciglione. Edizione A.L.E.
Modalità insegnamento
Frontal lessons and exercises
Frequenza
Two classes/week will be held. Attending them is not mandatory but strongly suggested.
Modalità di esame
The student will be evaluated through a final written test including numerical exercises. Students that pass the written test with a 18/30 mark must take the oral exam.
Modalità di erogazione
Frontal lessons and exercises
  • Anno accademico2025/2026
  • CorsoBioinformatics - Bioinformatica
  • CurriculumCurriculum unico
  • Anno1º anno
  • Semestre1º semestre
  • SSDCHIM/03
  • CFU6