Biochemistry

Educational objectives

General skills.

At the end of the course and after passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the topics listed below. The student will be able to describe the structure of a collection of enzymes, representative of the main reaction mechanisms of bio-organic chemistry and enzymatic classes, using programs for visualization and interactive analysis of biological macromolecules. The student will be able to predict, on the basis of the structure of the active sites of the representative enzymes, their mechanism of action and acceleration of the reaction rate, using the main experimental kinetic investigation methods.

Specific skills.

a) knowledge and understanding:
through the lessons and exercises the student will have to know and understand the relationship between structure and function of the main classes of enzymes involved in the metabolic reactions of the cell; he/she will have to understand the structural basis of rate acceleration; he/she must be able to access and use the databases of the structures of biological macromolecules;

b) applying knowledge and understanding:
the student will be able to use the main theoretical paradigms to interpret the reaction mechanisms of enzymes, and to apply the acquired knowledge for the prediction of the main mechanistic characteristics of new enzymes;

c) making judgments:
the student will be able to describe in full autonomy the mechanism of a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme, highlighting its distinctive characteristics and suggesting experiments to demonstrate the underlying mechanism;

d) communication skills:
the student must have the ability to present and explain the mechanisms of action of enzymes, based on the structure-function relationship determined experimentally, and using scientific and technical language correctly and with rigor;

e) learning skills:
the student will be able to critically examine the course topics, to propose new and independent experimental strategies where possible, to update himself through the consultation of bibliographic and structural databases (eg PubMed and RCSB Protein Data Bank).

Educational objectives

General skills.

At the end of the course and after passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the topics listed below. The student will be able to describe the structure of a collection of enzymes, representative of the main reaction mechanisms of bio-organic chemistry and enzymatic classes, using programs for visualization and interactive analysis of biological macromolecules. The student will be able to predict, on the basis of the structure of the active sites of the representative enzymes, their mechanism of action and acceleration of the reaction rate, using the main experimental kinetic investigation methods.

Specific skills.

a) knowledge and understanding:
through the lessons and exercises the student will have to know and understand the relationship between structure and function of the main classes of enzymes involved in the metabolic reactions of the cell; he/she will have to understand the structural basis of rate acceleration; he/she must be able to access and use the databases of the structures of biological macromolecules;

b) applying knowledge and understanding:
the student will be able to use the main theoretical paradigms to interpret the reaction mechanisms of enzymes, and to apply the acquired knowledge for the prediction of the main mechanistic characteristics of new enzymes;

c) making judgments:
the student will be able to describe in full autonomy the mechanism of a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme, highlighting its distinctive characteristics and suggesting experiments to demonstrate the underlying mechanism;

d) communication skills:
the student must have the ability to present and explain the mechanisms of action of enzymes, based on the structure-function relationship determined experimentally, and using scientific and technical language correctly and with rigor;

e) learning skills:
the student will be able to critically examine the course topics, to propose new and independent experimental strategies where possible, to update himself through the consultation of bibliographic and structural databases (eg PubMed and RCSB Protein Data Bank).

Educational objectives

The “Bioorganic Chemistry" course is an integrated interdisciplinary course consisting of two modules: "Biorganic Reaction Mechanisms" and "Enzyme Catalysis". The expected learning outcomes are the knowledge and understanding of the main mechanisms of metabolic reactions and the mechanism of action of the enzymes catalyzing them, integrating skills in organic chemistry and biochemistry. The General Skills and the Specific Skills of each individual module are available in the appropriate section related to the module itself.

Educational objectives

General skills.

At the end of the course and passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the areas listed below. In general he will be able to: describe structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of regulation and interconnection; identify the mechanisms of adaptations of cellular functions in physiological and pathological conditions. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the student will have the ability to interpret and explain biological phenomena from the biochemical point of view, describing their molecular basis in terms of structures and biochemical reactions. The students' communication skills will be developed thanks to the possibility of presenting and discussing a scientific paper related to the course program in the classroom. The use of concepts studied in class will be crucial for learning those critical and judgment skills necessary to evaluate the main experimental approaches used in biochemical research.
In the future, the student will be able to count on the knowledge and skills just described for the understanding of other disciplines and for working in clinical and research laboratories.

Specific skills.

a) knowledge and understanding:
-Knowledge and understanding of the relationship between structure and function of the informational macromolecules involved in the main cellular processes;
- knowledge of Biochemical mechanisms of cell homeostasis. DNA repair and recombination. Cell cycle. Cancer. Apoptosis.
-understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the biogenesis and homeostasis of macromolecules;
-knowledge of the main metabolic pathways controlling informational macromolecules in the physio-pathological processes;

b) ability to apply knowledge and understanding:
-ability to interpret and explain biological phenomena by macromolecules control in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli;

c) autonomy of judgment:
-being able to identify the molecular mechanism controlling the main biological and biomedical phenomena;
-being able to identify and evaluate macromolecular adaptations in response to physiological and pathological signals;

d) communication skills:
-knowing how to illustrate and explain phenomena on involving informational macromolecules with appropriate terms and with logical reasoning;
-knowing how to describe and connect the main biosignaling mechanisms;
-being able to describe the molecular mechanisms of the main cellular processes at the molecular level;

e) learning ability:
-acquisition of the fundamentals and cognitive skills to autonomously continue deepening cellular processes;
-acquisition of basic knowledge to progress independently in other biological disciplines;
-acquisition of the ability to quickly learn and apply molecular and cellular knowledge in working contexts of planning research activities;

Educational objectives

General skills.

At the end of the course and passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the areas listed below. In general he will be able to: describe structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of regulation and interconnection; identify the mechanisms of adaptations of cellular functions in physiological and pathological conditions. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the student will have the ability to interpret and explain biological phenomena from the biochemical point of view, describing their molecular basis in terms of structures and biochemical reactions. The students' communication skills will be developed thanks to the possibility of presenting and discussing a scientific paper related to the course program in the classroom. The use of concepts studied in class will be crucial for learning those critical and judgment skills necessary to evaluate the main experimental approaches used in biochemical research.
In the future, the student will be able to count on the knowledge and skills just described for the understanding of other disciplines and for working in clinical and research laboratories.

Specific skills

a) knowledge and understanding:
- Knowledge of cell structure and physiology. Membrane composition and intracellular trafficking. Mechanisms of signal transduction. Biochemical mechanisms of DNA replication and transcription. Ribosomal and non-ribosomal translation. Role of post-translational modifications. Protein sorting. Integrated cell metabolism and its regulation
-Knowledge and understanding of the relationship between structure and function of the macromolecules involved in the main cellular processes;
-understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the metabolism;
-knowledge of the main metabolic pathways in the physio-pathological processes;

b) ability to apply knowledge and understanding:
-ability to interpret and explain biological phenomena from a biochemical point of view;
-ability to gain insight into the interconnections of cellular functions in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli;

c) autonomy of judgment:
-being able to identify biological and biomedical phenomena that can be explained through biochemical processes;
-being able to identify and evaluate cellular and metabolic adaptations in response to physiological and pathological signals;

d) communication skills:
-knowing how to illustrate and explain biochemical phenomena with appropriate terms and with logical reasoning;
-knowing how to describe and connect the main biosignaling mechanisms;
-being able to describe the biochemical mechanisms of the main cellular processes;

e) learning ability:
-acquisition of the fundamentals and cognitive skills to autonomously continue deepening cell biochemistry;
-acquisition of basic knowledge to progress independently in other biological disciplines;
-acquisition of the ability to quickly learn and apply biochemical and cellular knowledge in working contexts of planning research activities;

Educational objectives

General skills.

At the end of the course and passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the areas listed below. In general he will be able to: describe structure and function of the main classes of biological macromolecules; explain the main metabolic pathways in terms of regulation and interconnection; identify the mechanisms of adaptations of cellular functions in physiological and pathological conditions. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the student will have the ability to interpret and explain biological phenomena from the biochemical point of view, describing their molecular basis in terms of structures and biochemical reactions. The students' communication skills will be developed thanks to the possibility of presenting and discussing a scientific paper related to the course program in the classroom. The use of concepts studied in class will be crucial for learning those critical and judgment skills necessary to evaluate the main experimental approaches used in biochemical research.
In the future, the student will be able to count on the knowledge and skills just described for the understanding of other disciplines and for working in clinical and research laboratories.

Specific skills.

a) knowledge and understanding:
-Knowledge and understanding of the relationship between structure and function of the informational macromolecules involved in the main cellular processes;
- knowledge of Biochemical mechanisms of cell homeostasis. DNA repair and recombination. Cell cycle. Cancer. Apoptosis.
-understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the biogenesis and homeostasis of macromolecules;
-knowledge of the main metabolic pathways controlling informational macromolecules in the physio-pathological processes;

b) ability to apply knowledge and understanding:
-ability to interpret and explain biological phenomena by macromolecules control in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli;

c) autonomy of judgment:
-being able to identify the molecular mechanism controlling the main biological and biomedical phenomena;
-being able to identify and evaluate macromolecular adaptations in response to physiological and pathological signals;

d) communication skills:
-knowing how to illustrate and explain phenomena on involving informational macromolecules with appropriate terms and with logical reasoning;
-knowing how to describe and connect the main biosignaling mechanisms;
-being able to describe the molecular mechanisms of the main cellular processes at the molecular level;

e) learning ability:
-acquisition of the fundamentals and cognitive skills to autonomously continue deepening cellular processes;
-acquisition of basic knowledge to progress independently in other biological disciplines;
-acquisition of the ability to quickly learn and apply molecular and cellular knowledge in working contexts of planning research activities;

Educational objectives

The course consists of two modules: "Biophysical Methods" (3 CFU) and "Macromolecules" (6 CFU). The learning outcomes of the modules are strongly integrated so that every aspect concerning the structure and function of macromolecules is addresses from both the biophysical-methodological and structural-functional points of view. For this reason, the learning outcomes of the modules are identical.

Educational objectives

General Skills

At the end of the course the students will know the main biochemical and biophysical principles applied to investigation techniques for the study of folding, structure/function and interactions of biological macromolecules. Given a specific biological problem, they will be able to identify which of the techniques covered during the course is more suitable to provide the expected information. Finally, students will be able to understand the meaning of the experimental data obtained with the different techniques within a scientific context.

The course is divided into three sections: Folding; Structure; Interactions.
The three sections aim at achieving the following common specific skills.

Specific Skills

a) knowledge and understanding:
Knowledge and understanding of the structure-function relationships in biological macromolecules;
Knowledge and understanding of the physical principle underlying the various techniques;
Knowledge of the main components of the instruments used to perform the different techniques;
Knowledge of the main fields of application of the techniques studied and their complementarity;
Understanding of the data analysis principles of the studied methodologies;

b) ability to apply knowledge and understanding:
Ability to perform, under the supervision of an expert, some of the techniques object of the laboratory classes;
Ability to interpret and understand the data obtained through the techniques covered by the course;

c) autonomy of judgment:
Being able to autonomously understand the results of a study (article, presentation) that is based on the techniques studied in the course. This skill will be reinforced by the analysis, through flipped classrooms, of recently published scientific works;
Ability to select, with respect to a specific biological problem, the most appropriate experimental techniques to tackle the problem;
Ability to solve autonomously the principal experimental problems that may arise using the methodologies described in the course;
Ability to design an experiment based on one of the techniques object of the laboratory classes;

d) communication skills:
Be able to describe the meaning and the working principles of the techniques analysed in the course;
Knowing how to illustrate the data and results obtained using the studied techniques. This skill will be achieved through flipped classroom and laboratory activities;

e) learning ability:
Acquisition of the fundamentals and cognitive tools to continue autonomously in the study of one or more of the techniques illustrated in the course;
Acquisition of the cognitive tools necessary to be trained in the autonomous use of one or more of the techniques studied in the course, in the field of public or private research;
Ability to quickly learn new experimental techniques;
Ability to dynamically adapt to the evolution of methodologies and scientific instruments characterising the biotechnology R&D laboratories.

Educational objectives

The course consists of two modules: "Biophysical Methods" (3 CFU) and "Macromolecules" (6 CFU). The learning outcomes of the modules are strongly integrated so that every aspect concerning the structure and function of macromolecules is addresses from both the biophysical-methodological and structural-functional points of view. For this reason, the learning outcomes of the modules are identical.

Educational objectives

The course of "Microorganism and Plant Biochemistry" is divided into two integrated modules: "Microorganism Biochemistry and Physiology" and "Plant Biochemistry and Physiology". The aim of the course is to integrate and deepen the general knowledge and skills of biochemistry and metabolism, previously acquired by the students, with specific skills in the field of biochemistry and physiology of plants and microorganisms, which are at the base of modern biotechnologies used in industrial, environmental, medical, and pharmaceutical fields.

Educational objectives

The course of "Microorganism and Plant Biochemistry" is divided into two integrated modules: "Microorganism Biochemistry and Physiology" and "Plant Biochemistry and Physiology". The aim of the course is to integrate and deepen the general knowledge and skills of biochemistry and metabolism, previously acquired by the students, with specific skills in the field of biochemistry and physiology of plants and microorganisms, which are at the base of modern biotechnologies used in industrial, environmental, medical, and pharmaceutical fields.

Educational objectives

The course of "Microorganism and Plant Biochemistry" is divided into two integrated modules: "Microorganism Biochemistry and Physiology" and "Plant Biochemistry and Physiology". The aim of the course is to integrate and deepen the general knowledge and skills of biochemistry and metabolism, previously acquired by the students, with specific skills in the field of biochemistry and physiology of plants and microorganisms, which are at the base of modern biotechnologies used in industrial, environmental, medical, and pharmaceutical fields.

Educational objectives

This course is composed by the integrated modules "Physiopathology" (6 CFU) and "Pharmacology" (3 CFU).
It provides an introduction to the pathologic basis of disease and drug treatment, and draws together knowledge gained from prerequisite subjects into the study of the aetiology and pathogenesis of disease. It focuses on the interaction between the immune and the nervous systems at molecular, cellular and systems levels, and provides an overview of current and developing concepts in Neuroimmunology from both Neuroscience and Immunology perspectives. It aims to familiarize students with the molecular and cellular elements of interconnectivity between the immune and nervous systems and the effect of neuro-immune interaction on physiological responses and disease processes. Moreover, it provides the basis of crosstalk between cells of immune and nervous systems in the stress response and in the onset and development of neurological disorders. Students will be introduced to concepts of cellular injury, inflammation and necrosis. The fundamentals of pharmacology including targets of drug action, absorption and metabolism of drugs and drug development will also be detailed. This provides a platform for commencing the integrated study of pathophysiology, pathology and drug treatment of various disorders, beginning with pain, inflammation and neoplasia. The General Skills and the Specific Skills of each individual module are available in the appropriate section related to the module itself.

Educational objectives

This course provides an introduction to the pathologic basis of disease and drug treatment, and draws together knowledge gained from prerequisite subjects into the study of the aetiology and pathogenesis of disease. It focuses on the interaction between the immune and the nervous systems at molecular, cellular and systems levels, and provides an overview of current and developing concepts in Neuroimmunology from both Neuroscience and Immunology perspectives. It aims to familiarize students with the molecular and cellular elements of interconnectivity between the immune and nervous systems and the effect of neuro-immune interaction on physiological responses and disease processes. Moreover, it provides the basis of crosstalk between cells of immune and nervous systems in the stress response and in the onset and development of neurological disorders. Students will be introduced to concepts of cellular injury, inflammation and necrosis. The fundamentals of pharmacology including targets of drug action, absorption and metabolism of drugs and drug development will also be detailed. This provides a platform for commencing the integrated study of pathophysiology, pathology and drug treatment of various disorders, beginning with pain, inflammation and neoplasia.

Specific skills.

a) knowledge and understanding
- Knowledge and understanding of the relationship between structure and function of the main cell types of the nervous system;
- understanding of neuronal and glial development;
- knowledge of the main signaling pathways of neurotransmission and drug targets;
- understanding of the principles and phenomena underlying the main neuropharmacological tools;

b) applying knowledge and understanding
- ability to interpret and explain the neuronal functions from a physiological and pharmacological point of view;
- ability to apply appropriate techniques to specific experimental problems;

c) making judgments
- be able to understand physiological relationships between cells;
- be able to identify physiological phenomena that can be explained using a pharmacological approach;
- be able to select and evaluate the most appropriate techniques to solve a specific experimental problem;

d) communication skills
- be able to illustrate and explain physiological phenomena with appropriate terms and with logical rigor;
- be able to explain pharmacological drug action in general;
- be able to describe how the main physiological and pharmacological techniques work;

e) learning skills
- acquisition of the fundamentals and cognitive tools to continue independently in the study of physiology and pharmacology;
- acquisition of the basic knowledge necessary to progress autonomously in other biological disciplines;
- ability to learn quickly and apply physiological and pharmacological techniques in laboratory working environments;

Educational objectives

This course provides an introduction to the pathologic basis of disease and drug treatment, and draws together knowledge gained from prerequisite subjects into the study of the aetiology and pathogenesis of disease. It focuses on the interaction between the immune and the nervous systems at molecular, cellular and systems levels, and provides an overview of current and developing concepts in Neuroimmunology from both Neuroscience and Immunology perspectives. It aims to familiarize students with the molecular and cellular elements of interconnectivity between the immune and nervous systems and the effect of neuro-immune interaction on physiological responses and disease processes. Moreover, it provides the basis of crosstalk between cells of immune and nervous systems in the stress response and in the onset and development of neurological disorders. Students will be introduced to concepts of cellular injury, inflammation and necrosis. The fundamentals of pharmacology including targets of drug action, absorption and metabolism of drugs and drug development will also be detailed. This provides a platform for commencing the integrated study of pathophysiology, pathology and drug treatment of various disorders, beginning with pain, inflammation and neoplasia.

Specific skills.

a) knowledge and understanding
- Knowledge and understanding of the relationship between structure and function of the main cell types of the nervous system;
- understanding of neuronal and glial development;
- knowledge of the main signaling pathways of neurotransmission and drug targets;
- understanding of the principles and phenomena underlying the main neuropharmacological tools;

b) applying knowledge and understanding
- ability to interpret and explain the neuronal functions from a physiological and pharmacological point of view;
- ability to apply appropriate techniques to specific experimental problems;

c) making judgments
- be able to understand physiological relationships between cells;
- be able to identify physiological phenomena that can be explained using a pharmacological approach;
- be able to select and evaluate the most appropriate techniques to solve a specific experimental problem;

d) communication skills
- be able to illustrate and explain physiological phenomena with appropriate terms and with logical rigor;
- be able to explain pharmacological drug action in general;
- be able to describe how the main physiological and pharmacological techniques work;

e) learning skills
- acquisition of the fundamentals and cognitive tools to continue independently in the study of physiology and pharmacology;
- acquisition of the basic knowledge necessary to progress autonomously in other biological disciplines;
- ability to learn quickly and apply physiological and pharmacological techniques in laboratory working environments;

Educational objectives

The course of "Bioinformatics and Data Handling" is articulated in the integrated modules of "Bioinformatics" and "Data Handling". The aim of the course is to integrate knowledge and skills on the main bioinformatics techniques with knowledge and skills of basic statistics and management and analysis of biological data. The learning outcomes of each individual module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The course of "Bioinformatics and Data Handling" is articulated in the integrated modules of "Bioinformatics" and "Data Handling". The aim of the course is to integrate knowledge and skills on the main bioinformatics techniques with knowledge and skills of basic statistics and management and analysis of biological data. The learning outcomes of each individual module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The course of "Bioinformatics and Data Handling" is articulated in the integrated modules of "Bioinformatics" and "Data Handling". The aim of the course is to integrate knowledge and skills on the main bioinformatics techniques with knowledge and skills of basic statistics and management and analysis of biological data. The learning outcomes of each individual module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The course is composed of two modules: "Molecular Biology Techniques" (3 CFU) and "Protein Purification and Characterization" (6 CFU). At the end of the course and after passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the areas described for each single module. In general, it will be able to: explain the principles and the applications of the most common biochemical methodologies and set up an experiment starting from the consultation of the literature up to its execution on the laboratory counter. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the student will have the ability to interpret and explain the results of the biochemical experiments through the interpretation and discussion of the experimental results. Students' critical and judgmental skills will be developed through numerous classroom exercises in which numerical exercises and database research will be carried out, and several practical laboratory experiences (starting from cloning of PCR-produced DNA fragments to purification and characterization of proteins with enzymatic activity). Communication skills will be exercised during the theoretical and practical lessons, which will include moments of open discussion. In the future, the student will be able to count on the knowledge and skills herein acquired for work in analysis and research laboratories.
The general skills and the specific skills of each module are described in detail in the related sections.

Educational objectives

The course is composed of two modules: "Molecular Biology Techniques" (3 CFU) and "Protein Purification and Characterization" (6 CFU). At the end of the course and after passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the areas described for each single module. In general, it will be able to: explain the principles and the applications of the most common biochemical methodologies and set up an experiment starting from the consultation of the literature up to its execution on the laboratory counter. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the student will have the ability to interpret and explain the results of the biochemical experiments through the interpretation and discussion of the experimental results. Students' critical and judgmental skills will be developed through numerous classroom exercises in which numerical exercises and database research will be carried out, and several practical laboratory experiences (starting from cloning of PCR-produced DNA fragments to purification and characterization of proteins with enzymatic activity). Communication skills will be exercised during the theoretical and practical lessons, which will include moments of open discussion. In the future, the student will be able to count on the knowledge and skills herein acquired for work in analysis and research laboratories.
The general skills and the specific skills of each module are described in detail in the related sections.

Educational objectives

The course is composed of two modules: "Molecular Biology Techniques" (3 CFU) and "Protein Purification and Characterization" (6 CFU). At the end of the course and after passing the exam, the student will have acquired the knowledge and skills in the areas described for each single module. In general, it will be able to: explain the principles and the applications of the most common biochemical methodologies and set up an experiment starting from the consultation of the literature up to its execution on the laboratory counter. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, the student will have the ability to interpret and explain the results of the biochemical experiments through the interpretation and discussion of the experimental results. Students' critical and judgmental skills will be developed through numerous classroom exercises in which numerical exercises and database research will be carried out, and several practical laboratory experiences (starting from cloning of PCR-produced DNA fragments to purification and characterization of proteins with enzymatic activity). Communication skills will be exercised during the theoretical and practical lessons, which will include moments of open discussion. In the future, the student will be able to count on the knowledge and skills herein acquired for work in analysis and research laboratories.
The general skills and the specific skills of each module are described in detail in the related sections.

Educational objectives

The course of "Biochemical Biotechnologies I" consists of the integrated modules "Applied Biochemistry" and "Microbial Biotechnologies: Industrial Applications". The learning outcomes of the course concern biotechnological applications of enzymes, proteins and microorganisms in basic and applied research and in industry. The learning outcomes of each individual module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The course of "Biochemical Biotechnologies I" consists of the integrated modules "Applied Biochemistry" and "Microbial Biotechnologies: Industrial Applications". The learning outcomes of the course concern biotechnological applications of enzymes, proteins and microorganisms in basic and applied research and in industry. The learning outcomes of each individual module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The course of "Biochemical Biotechnologies I" consists of the integrated modules "Applied Biochemistry" and "Microbial Biotechnologies: Industrial Applications". The learning outcomes of the course concern biotechnological applications of enzymes, proteins and microorganisms in basic and applied research and in industry. The learning outcomes of each individual module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The “Biochemical Biotechnologies II” course is articulated into two integrate modules: “Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies” and “Microbial Biotechnologies: Medical Applications”. The learning outcomes of the integrated course concern the methods for the industrial production of pharmaceutical substances and the biotechnology strategies used to study and contrast bacterial infections. The learning outcomes of each single module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The “Biochemical Biotechnologies II” course is articulated into two integrate modules: “Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies” and “Microbial Biotechnologies: Medical Applications”. The learning outcomes of the integrated course concern the methods for the industrial production of pharmaceutical substances and the biotechnology strategies used to study and contrast bacterial infections. The learning outcomes of each single module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The “Biochemical Biotechnologies II” course is articulated into two integrate modules: “Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies” and “Microbial Biotechnologies: Medical Applications”. The learning outcomes of the integrated course concern the methods for the industrial production of pharmaceutical substances and the biotechnology strategies used to study and contrast bacterial infections. The learning outcomes of each single module can be consulted in the appropriate section of the module.

Educational objectives

The course, composed of the integrated modules of “Bioethics” (3 CFU) and “Regulatory Aspects of Scientific Research” (3 CFU), deals with the ethical and regulatory aspects of scientific research, closely interconnected on the moral and legislative levels. Students will know and understand how the development of scientific research can open new horizons to knowledge and contribute to the improvement of our lives, but at the same time confronts society with the need to establish ethical principles and laws to which researchers must obey. Students will know and understand specific regulatory aspects concerning the efficacy and safety of new products developed for therapeutic and diagnostic purpose. The general and specific skills of each module are described in detail in the appropriate sections.

Educational objectives

General skills

The course is the first teaching course in Regulatory Aspects of Scientific Research. Regulatory science addresses the safety and efficacy of new medical products, diagnostics and treatments. Regulatory affairs ensure new products meet the regulations and standards set by governing agencies. This course aligns regulations with science in the lifecycle of medical products. The regulatory science is also related to clinical research management focused on regulatory affairs and regulatory sciences.
The students will acquire also the fundamentals on National and CEE pharmaceutical or health products laws, as well as on intellectual property and patenting.
At the end of theoretical lessons, integrated by highly connotative seminars coordinated by the professor:
the students will acquire the fundamentals knowledge on laws governing health and well-being products, the National Health system, the regional health system, the production and the marketing authorization of medicines and of health product with particular regard to the national and European laws.

Specific skills

Knowledge and understanding:
-national and international pharmaceutical laws concerning production and marketing of drugs and of healthcare products (medical devices, food supplements), and concerning regulatory aspects concerning pharmacy;
-devise and implement global strategies for drug, biologic, and device development and evaluation;
- relate principles of clinical research design to practices in clinical trial management;
- basic knowledge on intellectual property and patenting.

Applying knowledge and understanding:
Regulatory science/affairs positions at pharmaceutical companies, as well as medical device and biotechnology companies
ability to understand the law, the economic and the administrative aspects of the health products and of the regional and national healthcare system.

Making judgements:
- be able to refer to specific regulatory and law texts;
- be able to identify , evaluate and correlate regulatory aspects related to each specific health product.

Communication skills:
A classroom environment relies heavily on the quality of communication taking place within it. As an instructor, taking steps towards improving the communication skills of our students will contribute positively towards your classroom climate. Furthermore class discussion will be fundamental to develop critical and highest level of competence to be well prepared when entering the professional ranks as a new pharmacist.

Learning skills
The course aims to enable the transition between university and professional life and to help students to become people with lifelong learning ability and habit.
The course aims to help students to become able, during their professional life, to approach to the regulatory matter, that is always evolving, for health and well being products

Educational objectives

General skills

The extraordinary development of scientific research, particularly in the field of life sciences, opens up considerable horizons to knowledge and can contribute to the overall improvement of the life of human beings. To achieve this goal, a climate of trust in science based on transparency, freedom and sharing is necessary. On the ethical level, the target key is to extend the opportunities and the ability to choose the people as part of a company that is focused on accountability and plural culturalism.

Specific skills

Knowledge and understanding
The aim of the course is to pass the study focused on notions. The main theories and positions in the bioethical field will be analyzed. Useful tools will be provided to analyze the issues and various themes typical of bioethical reflection.
 
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
The ability to use different categories of interpretation, he will allow students to correctly frame the issues under study, identifying the main ethical problems.
 
Autonomy of judgment
The acquisition of these skills and their exercise will be verified through the discussion of specific cases in the classroom. In this way students will be able to develop greater critical skills.  This ability will be aimed at identifying proposals characterized by originality and possibility of realization.
 
Communication skills
Students will be encouraged to acquire communication skills based on rational argument. Only using this methodology will students be able to make a correct and responsible evaluation of the topics covered by the course
 
Learning ability
The pursuit of the educational objectives of the course also includes the awareness that the issues subject to bioethical reflection are rapidly transformed. In progress will direct the teaching, not so much towards the acquisition of notions as towards the improvement of critical skills. This choice is aimed at developing intellectual curiosity and rational argument. In this way the student will be able to identify the most appropriate thematic insights. 

Educational objectives

Elective course (9 CTS minimum)

Educational objectives

General skills

At the end of the course the learner will be able to:
- Organize and present scientific data based on the principles of science communication;
- describe how to effectively present different types of data (narrative, table, plot, graphical representation, etc.);

Writing Skills

At the end of the course, the learners will be able to describe

● how to prepare a scientific publication, in particular:
○ how to select a scientific journal based on the subject area, target audience, impact factor, article type, etc.
○ the concept of “scientific journal format”
○ how to structure a scientific article
○ how to write references correctly
○ the features of scientific language
○ best practices of paper writing
● how to structure a grant proposal, in particular:
○ how to identify a suitable call for a given research
○ the main elements of a grant proposal: work packages (WPs), milestones, deliverables, budget, etc.
○ how to structure a grant proposal
○ the different roles of participants (PI, WP leads, partners)

● the characteristics of a scientific report, in particular:
○ how to identify the purpose of a report
○ how to structure a scientific report

Presentation Skills:

At the end of the course, the learner will be able to explain

● how to identify the most appropriate communication style given a target audience (students, experts, examining committee, etc) and a context (formal, non formal, teaching, training, thesis defence, etc.)
● why the body language is important
● what are the “key rules” when communicating science from a stage
● how to move on a stage
● how to use their body and voice
● how to effectively use visual, movable, and portable supports (white board, slides, props, etc.)
● the features of effective slides

Learners will also be able to create
● effective slides, keeping into account what cognitive sciences teach us: cognitive extraneous overload and attention split, and dual coding (how to combine words and visuals).

Graphic Skills

knowledge and understanding:

Students will be able to:
● Describe and explain the concept of image resolution
● Distinguish among the different colour spaces
● Tell the difference between raster and vector image formats
● Recognise the different image file formats
● Explain the concept of image compression
● Utilise the main tools (from the main palette) of Open Source software such as GIMP, Inkscape, for raster and vector image modification.
● Organise the layout of a complex image based on the rules of graphic design composition.

Application, analysis and synthesis:

Students will be able to:

● Design and create a multi-panel image from scratch. This includes the ability to: modify source images; include legends and diagrams; export data and plots as image files; organize the layout and assemble the figure
● Prepare scientific figures and illustration in agreement with editorial artwork-guidelines
● Design and export images in the correct format, with image properties optimized for a specific communication media (e.g. scientific paper, research project, oral presentations, poster)

Educational objectives

Experimental training for the preparation of the thesis and the final examination. Students have the opportunity to carry out internships in university laboratories or in public and private research institutions.
The autonomy of judgement will be developed by performing appropriate experiments to achieve adequate results related to the research project, and interpreting the data.
At the end of this experience, students will have acquired knowledge, competence, practical and critical skills concerning a specific research topic. These skills will be used for the compilation of the thesis and the preparation of the final examination.

Educational objectives

The final examination consists in the preparation and discussion of an original dissertation written in English by the student, under the guidance of a supervisor, and following a specific laboratory training entirely dedicated to the experimental work subject of the thesis. At the end of this experience, the students will be able to report in writing, and to present and critically discuss the experimental research work carried out on a specific topic, also demonstrating knowledge and critical understanding of the relevant scientific literature.