Psychiatric Rehabilitation Technique

INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory tests; biological samples for analysis, laboratory test purposes. METABOLIC PROFILES OF DIFFERENT ORGANS AND TISSUES Metabolic profiles: brain, heart muscle, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, kidney Tissue/organ interrelationships in response to different physiological (fed/fasting state; stress). Liver as fuel provider for other tissues. Interrelationships between liver and skeletal muscle: Cori cycle and Alanine-Glucose Cycle. Role of hormones in the interactions between tissues and organs. DIABETES MELLITUS Carbohydrate properties and metabolism. Hormone regulation of glucose metabolism: insulin and counter-regulatory hormones. Ketone bodies formation and physiological role. Definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diagnostic criteria. Clinical presentation, history, pathogenesis and physiopathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The laboratory for diabetes. Laboratory tests in diagnosis and follow up of patients (monitoring the disease and therapy efficacy): fasting plasma glucose (FPG), self-monitoring of blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, C-peptide, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Laboratory tests in acute complications: diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar non ketotic syndrome. Laboratory tests in chronic complications: lipid profile and microalbuminuria. LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS Lipids properties and metabolism: absorption, transport, storage and metabolism. Lipoproteins: classification, composition, synthesis and metabolism. Role of Apoproteins. Lipoprotein receptors. Lipoprotein electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. Dyslipoproteinemias: definition and classification. Laboratory assessment of lipid metabolism disorders (diagnosis of dyslipidemia and monitoring of lipid-lowering treatment). Level I tests: determination of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides; reference values for lipids. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK Atherosclerosis: plaque formation- role of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Non lipid risk factors associated with coronary artery disease (CAD).Patient's global risk and therapeutic goals of lowering LDL-cholesterol levels to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

M. Ciaccio, "Elementi di Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio", (EdiSES)